They contend that the Boers of the South African Republic ( ZAR ) and Orange Free State republics were recognized as a separate people or cultural group under international law by the Sand River Convention ( which created the South African Republic in 1852 ), the Bloemfontein Convention ( which created the Orange Free State Republic in 1854 ), the Pretoria Convention ( which re-established the independence of the South African Republic 1881 ), the London Convention ( which granted the full independence to the South African Republic in 1884 ) and the Vereeniging Peace Treaty, which formally ended the Second Anglo-Boer War on 31 May 1902.

The Dominican Republic is considered one of the countries with the most advanced telecommunications infrastructures in Latin America, with over 8. 9 million cell phones connected ( on just about 10 million populants, with 3. 5 million of them on extreme poverty conditions ) and large companies like Codetel and Orange ( FR ) on the telecommunications market.

However, ten years later, Stadtholder Maurice of Orange, proposed to continue the war with Spain, but also to distract attention from Spain to the Republic.

The House of Orange was expelled and replaced by the Batavian Republic, a French satellite state.

When William of Orange, ruler of the Dutch Republic, occupied the British throne with his wife Mary in what has become known as the Glorious Revolution, gin became vastly more popular, particularly in crude, inferior forms, where it was more likely to be flavoured with turpentine as an alternative to juniper.

* 1900 – The Battle of Spion Kop between the forces of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State and British forces during the Second Boer War resulted in a British defeat.

* 1748 – William V of Orange, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic ( d. 1806 )

The first recorded exploration by the Dutch of the area around what is now called New York Bay was in 1609 with the voyage of the ship Halve Maen or " Half Moon ", captained by Henry Hudson, in the service of the Dutch Republic, as the emissary of Holland's stadholder Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange.

* The orange tree in the third quarter was used as the symbol of the Orange Free State Republic.

This success led to the establishment of a number of small Boer republics, which slowly coalesced into the Orange Free State and the South African Republic.

The Second Boer War (, or Tweede Boereoorlog ) was fought from 11 October 1899 until 31 May 1902 between the British Empire and the Afrikaans-speaking Dutch settlers of two independent Boer republics, the South African Republic ( Transvaal Republic ) and the Orange Free State.

There they established two independent Boer republics: the South African Republic ( 1852 ; also known as the Transvaal Republic ) and the Orange Free State ( 1854 ).

As tensions escalated, political manoeuvrings and negotiations attempted to reach compromise on the issues of the rights of the uitlanders within the South African Republic, control of the gold mining industry, and the British desire to incorporate the Transvaal and the Orange Free State into a federation under British control.

Paul Kruger, the President of the South African Republic, issued an ultimatum on 9 October 1899, giving the British government 48 hours to withdraw all their troops from the borders of both the Transvaal and the Orange Free State, failing which the Transvaal, allied to the Orange Free State, would declare war on the British government.

* Free area of the Republic of China

On 5 September 2005, the Congress of the Dominican Republic ratified a free trade agreement with the U. S. and five Central American countries, the Dominican Republic – Central America Free Trade Agreement ( CAFTA-DR ).

Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State and later the Republic of Ireland.

Following the partition of Ireland in 1922, it became the capital of the Irish Free State ( 1922 – 1949 ) and now is the capital of the Republic of Ireland.

El Salvador signed the Central American Free Trade Agreement ( CAFTA ), negotiated by the five countries of Central America and the Dominican Republic, with the United States in 2004.

Congressmen Dr Edgar David Villanueva and Jacques Rodrich Ackerman have been instrumental in introducing in Republic of Peru bill 1609 on " Free Software in Public Administration ".

Following years of political and military agitation for ' Home Rule ' for Ireland, the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 established the Irish Free State ( now the Republic of Ireland ) as a separate state, leaving Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom.

The Vichy regime flew to Germany when Paris was freed, and the interim Provisional Government of the French Republic was quickly put into place by the Free French.

* Congo Free State and Belgian Congo ( today's Democratic Republic of the Congo )

* Congo Free State-Democratic Republic of the Congo

Having lost the civil war, this group remained in existence, with the intention of overthrowing both the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland and achieving the Irish Republic proclaimed in 1916.

The most contentious areas of the Treaty for the IRA were abolition of the Irish Republic declared in 1919, the status of the Irish Free State as a dominion in the British Commonwealth and the British retention of the so called Treaty Ports on Ireland's south coast.

Theodor Heuss was elected the first President of the Republic, and Adenauer was elected Chancellor ( head of government ) on 16 September 1949 with the support of his own CDU, the Christian Social Union and the liberal Free Democratic Party.

The Secretary of the Treasury, upon the concurrence of the Secretary of State, is authorized and directed, out of the sum covered into the Yugoslav Claims Fund pursuant to subsection ( B ) of this section, after completing the payments of such funds pursuant to subsection ( C ) of this Section, to make payment of the balance of any sum remaining in such fund to the Government of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia to the extent required under Article 1 ( C ) of the Yugoslav Claims Agreement of 1948.

The myth was perpetuated by Romeyn de Hooghe's Spiegel van Staat der Vereenigden Nederlanden (" Mirror of the State of the United Netherlands ", 1706 ), which also ran to many editions, and it was revived in the atmosphere of Romantic nationalism in the late eighteenth-century reforms that saw a short-lived Batavian Republic and, in the colony of the Dutch East Indies, a capital ( now Jakarta ) that was named Batavia.

The French State refuses to change the second article of the Constitution ( added in 1994 ), which states that “ the language of the Republic is French ”.

A new constitution in January 1976 established Democratic Kampuchea as a Communist People's Republic, and a 250-member Assembly of the Representatives of the People of Kampuchea ( PRA ) was selected in March to choose the collective leadership of a State Presidium, the chairman of which became the head of state.

The United States Department of State approved the lifting of Section 508 aid restrictions triggered by the coup ; U. S. assistance to the Central African Republic had been prohibited except in the areas of humanitarian aid and support for democratization.

" It was replaced by the State Political Administration or GPU, a section of the NKVD of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( RSFSR ).

Usually those commissions and leading groups have jurisdiction on both Party and State apparatus, and include ranking leaders up to the President of the People's Republic of China and the Premier of the State Council.

# Wen Jiabao: Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China

# Li Keqiang: First-ranked Vice Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China

New Republic editor Michael Kinsley argued that critics should not simply dismiss State Department justifications for death squad attacks on " soft targets ": " The State Department has defended bloody contra attacks on government-sponsored farm cooperatives, saying that these civilian facilities have military aspects.

There is also a High Court of Impeachment for criminal charges ( for an offence in office ) against the President of the Republic, the justices of the supreme courts, members of the Council of State, the Chancellor of Justice and the Ombudsman of Parliament.

* 1661 – The Treaty of The Hague is signed by Portugal and the Dutch Republic.

* 1572 – In the Eighty Years ' War, the Watergeuzen capture Brielle from the Spaniards, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic.

* 1609 – Eighty Years ' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce.

| PLACE OF BIRTH = Lutjegast, Dutch Republic

ARIN formerly covered Argentina, Aruba, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Dutch West Indies, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands ( UK ), French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela until LACNIC was formed.

Whilst Marlborough led his army, General Overkirk would maintain a defensive position in the Dutch Republic in case Villeroi mounted an attack.

Category: Battles involving the Dutch Republic

For the Grand Alliance – Austria, England, and the Dutch Republic – the battle had followed an indecisive campaign against the Bourbon armies of King Louis XIV of France in 1705.

Shortly after Marlborough landed in the Dutch Republic on 14 April, news arrived of major Allied setbacks in the wider war.

In the end England and the Dutch Republic took control of the newly won territory for the duration of the war ; after which it was to be handed over to the direct rule of ‘ Charles III ’, subject to the reservation of a Dutch Barrier, the extent and nature of which had yet to be settled.

Category: Battles involving the Dutch Republic

Following the discovery of the islands by Columbus, the area was quickly colonised by several Western cultures ( initially Spain, then later Portugal, England, the Dutch Republic, France and Denmark ).

Fahrenheit was born in 1686 in Danzig ( Gdańsk ), the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but lived most of his life in the Dutch Republic.

After the Spanish and Portuguese ports were closed to the Dutch ships, the Republic began to show interest for trading in the Atlantic region.

Spain offered peace on condition that the Dutch Republic would withdraw from trading to Asia and America.

In 1791, the company's stock was bought by the Dutch government, and on 1 January 1792, all territories previously held by the Dutch West India Company reverted to the rule of the States-General of the Dutch Republic.

This threatened to unite the Spanish and French kingdoms under the House of Bourbon – something unacceptable to England, the Dutch Republic, and Leopold I, who had himself a claim to the Spanish throne.

From the beginning the Emperor had refused to accept the will of Charles II, and he did not wait for England and the Dutch Republic to begin hostilities.

* Treaty of Elbing, signed between the Dutch Republic and the Swedish Empire in 1656

This brought them into conflict with Britain and the Dutch Republic, which wished to preserve the independence of the southern Netherlands from France.

The navy of the Dutch Republic was the first navy to build the larger ocean-going frigates.