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* The Spartan co-ruler Leotychides and the Athenian leader Themistocles lead a fleet and army to reoccupy northern Greece and to punish the aristocratic family of the Aleuads for having aided the Persians.
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Spartan and co-ruler
* Cleomenes I engineers the deposing of Spartan co-ruler Demaratus ( and his replacement by Cleomenes ’ cousin Leotychidas ) by bribing the oracle at Delphi to announce that this action was divine will.
Spartan and Leotychides
In the aftermath of Mycale, the Spartan king Leotychides had proposed transplanting all the Greeks from Asia Minor to Europe as the only method of permanently freeing them from Persian dominion.
The navy, now under the command of the Spartan king Leotychides, thus skulked off Delos, whilst the remnants of the Persian fleet skulked off Samos, both sides unwilling to risk battle.
The Spartan king Demaratus had been stripped of his kingship in 491 BC, and replaced with his cousin Leotychides.
In the aftermath of Mycale, the Spartan king Leotychides had proposed transplanting all the Greeks from Asia Minor to Europe as the only method of permanently freeing them from Persian dominion.
The navy, now under the command of the Spartan king Leotychides, thus skulked off Delos, while the remnants of the Persian fleet skulked off Samos, both sides unwilling to risk battle.
Spartan and Athenian
These historians point towards the unstable oligarchies established by Lysander in the former Athenian Empire and the failures of Spartan leaders ( such as Pausanias and Kleombrotos ) for the eventually suppression of Spartan power.
At Sparta women competed in public exercise — so in Aristophanes ' Lysistrata the Athenian women admire the tanned, muscular bodies of their Spartan counterparts — and women could own property in their own right, as they could not at Athens.
This tactic succeeded, but the Spartan King, Cleomenes I, returned at the request of Isagoras and so the Cleisthenes, the Alcmaeonids and other prominent Athenian families were exiled from Athens.
Spartan hoplites were often depicted using a kopis, instead of the xiphos, in Athenian art, as the kopis was seen as a quintessential " bad guys " weapon in Greek eyes.
A further source of provocation was an Athenian decree, issued in 433 / 2 BC, imposing stringent trade sanctions on Megarian citizens ( once more a Spartan ally after the conclusion of the First Peloponnesian War ).
The Athenian strategy was initially guided by the strategos, or general, Pericles, who advised the Athenians to avoid open battle with the far more numerous and better trained Spartan hoplites, relying instead on the fleet.
After these battles, the Spartan general Brasidas raised an army of allies and helots and marched the length of Greece to the Athenian colony of Amphipolis in Thrace, which controlled several nearby silver mines ; their product supplied much of the Athenian war fund.
Perhaps worst of all, the nearby silver mines were totally disrupted, with as many as 20, 000 Athenian slaves freed by the Spartan hoplites at Decelea.
In the battle, the Athenians obliterated the Spartan fleet, and succeeded in re-establishing the financial basis of the Athenian Empire.
The Athenian people thus overthrew Isagoras, repelled a Spartan attack under Cleomenes, and invited Cleisthenes to return to Athens, to put his plan into action.
Themistocles seems to have deliberately set Athens up as a rival to Sparta in the aftermath of Xerxes's invasion, basing this strategy on Athenian naval power ( contrasted with the power of the Spartan army ).
* 422 BC: The Spartans defeat the Athenians in the Battle of Amphipolis, where the Athenian Cleon and the Spartan Brasidas are both killed.
* 407 BC: The Athenian fleet is routed by the Spartan one in the Battle of Notium, which gives Alcibiades ' opponents a reason to strip him of command.
* Emerging after the Spartan victory at Aegospotami, the former Athenian leader, Alcibiades, takes refuge in Phrygia in northwestern Asia Minor with the Persian satrap, Pharnabazus, and seeks their assistance for the Athenians.
By the end of the 5th century BC it stood out as a state which had defeated the Athenian Empire and had invaded the Persian provinces in Anatolia, a period which marks the Spartan Hegemony.
The event severely damaged Sparta's naval power but did not end its aspirations of invading further into Persia, until Conon the Athenian ravaged the Spartan coastline and provoked the old Spartan fear of a helot revolt.
Slave revolts occurred elsewhere in the Greek world, and in 413 BC 20, 000 Athenian slaves ran away to join the Spartan forces occupying Attica.
Aristotle, of course, was an Athenian and a harsh critic of the Spartan constitution and way of life.
These sayings purporting to be from Spartan women were far more likely to be of Athenian origin and designed to portray Spartan women as unnatural and so undeserving of pity.
Unlike Athenian women who wore heavy, concealing clothes and were rarely seen outside the house, Spartan women wore dresses ( peplos ) slit up the side to allow freer movement and moved freely about the city, either walking or driving chariots.
In 375 BC it again joined the Athenian alliance ; two years later it was besieged by a Spartan force, but in spite of the devastation of its flourishing countryside held out successfully until relieved.
Spartan and leader
He was the son of Atreus and Aerope, and brother of Agamemnon king of Mycenae and, according to the Iliad, leader of the Spartan contingent of the Greek army during the War.
* 406 Callicratides, Spartan naval leader, loses Battle of Arginusae over blockade of Mitylene harbor, Sparta sues for peace, rejected by Cleophon
Alcibiades, the former Athenian leader, emerged after the Spartan victory at Aegospotami and took refuge in Phrygia, northwestern Asia Minor with Pharnabazus, its Persian satrap.
The Aetolians, who have opposed the Roman intervention in Greek affairs, incite the Spartan leader, Nabis, to retake his former territories and regain his influence in Greek affairs.
* The leader of the Achaean League, Philopoemen, enters northern Laconia with his army and a group of Spartan exiles.
The town was named after Lysander, a Spartan military leader, by a clerk interested in the classics.
the charactor of Sejanus in this video game is an ememy of the main charactor and leader of the praetorian guardhttp :// en. wikipedia. org / wiki / Spartan: _Total_Warrior
The licence was bought after the rise to power of a new communist party leader, Edward Gierek, who wanted to gain popular favour by increasing consumption after the Spartan period under Władysław Gomułka.
The Aetolians, who had opposed the Roman intervention in Greek affairs, incited the Spartan leader, Nabis, to retake his former territories and regain his influence in Greek affairs.
Finally, Athenian archon and political leader, Themistocles, agreed that Athens ' navy serve under a Spartan admiral to achieve the unity of the Greek states.
He succeeds, aided by Castor, and in the process frees Electra, leader of the Amazons, and several other prisoners, before fighting their way out with the aid of Pollux and Spartan reinforcements.
The Spartan is their leader and they follow him in most missions.
Napoleon Bonaparte addressed to them as " Spartan descendants " and Theodoros Kolokotronis ( leader of the Greek War of Independence ) called them " The Spartans ".
Spartan and Themistocles
A force of 10, 000 hoplites was dispatched to the Vale of Tempe, through which they believed the Persian army would have to pass, under the command of the Spartan polemarch Euenetus and Themistocles.
By delaying in this manner, Themistocles gave the Athenians enough time to fortify the city, and thus ward off any Spartan attack aimed at preventing the re-fortification of Athens.
However, this episode may be seen as the beginning of the Spartan mistrust of Themistocles which would return to haunt him.
Furthermore, after the treason and disgrace of the Spartan general Pausanias, the Spartans tried to implicate Themistocles in the plot ; he was, however, acquitted of these charges.
Finally, Themistocles agrees that Athens ' navy serve under a Spartan admiral to achieve the unity of the Greek states.
The fleet was effectively under the command of Themistocles, but nominally led by the Spartan nobleman Eurybiades, as had been agreed at the congress in 481 BC.
Since the joint operation at Thermopylae and Artemisium was his strategy in the first place, it is likely this is exactly what Themistocles wanted, and this bribe allowed him in turn to bribe the Spartan and Corinthian admirals, Eurybiades and Adeimantus to remain at Artemisium.
It starred Richard Egan as the Spartan king Leonidas, Ralph Richardson as Themistocles of Athens and David Farrar as Persian king Xerxes, with Diane Baker as Ellas and Barry Coe as Phylon providing the requisite romantic element in the film.
In Corinth, Themistocles of Athens wins the support of the Greek allies and convinces both the delegates and the Spartan representative, Leonidas I, to grant Sparta leadership of their forces.
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