Caesar refused, and marked his defiance in 49 BC by crossing the Rubicon with a legion to march on Rome.

Upon crossing the Rubicon, Caesar, according to Plutarch and Suetonius, is supposed to have quoted the Athenian playwright Menander, in Greek, " the die is cast ".

Between his crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, and his assassination in 44 BC, Caesar established a new constitution, which was intended to accomplish three separate goals.

When Julius Caesar broke this rule, leaving his province of Gaul and crossing the Rubicon into Italy, he precipitated a constitutional crisis.

In 49 BC, it was the location where Julius Caesar gathered his forces before crossing the Rubicon.

Furthermore, Suetonius writes that the haruspex Spurinna warns Caesar of his death which will come " not beyond the Ides of March " as he is crossing the river Rubicon.

Julius Caesar took possession of it immediately after crossing the Rubicon.

Pompey was elected consul without colleague in 52 BC, and took part in the politicking which led to Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon in 49 BC, starting the Civil War.

After crossing the Rubicon, the latter made his legendary appeal to the legions in the Forum of Rimini.

This caused the calendar to become out of step with the seasons ; for example, Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon in January 49 BC actually took place in mid-autumn.

On 10 January, Caesar led his army across the Rubicon River, crossing from the province of Gaul into Italy.

*" Alea iacta est " (" The die is cast "), which is reportedly what Caesar said at the crossing of the Rubicon.

The idiom " Crossing the Rubicon " means to pass a point of no return, and refers to Julius Caesar's army's crossing of the river in 49 BC, which was considered an act of insurrection.

The phrase " crossing the Rubicon " has survived to refer to any individual or group committing itself irrevocably to a risky or revolutionary course of action, similar to the modern phrase " passing the point of no return ".

After Caesar's crossing, the Rubicon was a geographical feature of note until Emperor Augustus abolished the Province of Gallia Cisalpina ( today ’ s northern Italy ) and the river ceased to be the extreme border line of Italy.

In 1933, after various efforts spanning centuries, the river now called Fiumicino, crossing the town of Savignano di Romagna ( now Savignano sul Rubicone ), was officially identified as the former Rubicon.

The Socialist Party denounced Lang for this vote ; party spokesman Julien Dray said that he had " gone too far " and " no longer has his place in our political family ", while Jean-Marc Ayrault, the President of the Socialist Parliamentary Group, said that Lang's vote was an act of " crossing the Rubicon ".

To this day the term " crossing the Rubicon " means, figuratively, " reaching the point of no return ".

She does not portray the death of the Republic as a positive thing but rather portrays Caesar as being a great man and his crossing of the Rubicon as being inevitable, given that the alternative was exile and disgrace and the violation of his dignitas, which was an unthinkable anathema to a Roman Patrician of consular rank.

According to McCullough's portrayal, Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon was his last option, his last roll of the dice, as best illustrated by the timeless quote from Caesar: " The die is cast .".

", which characterises not fatalism ( as with the former ) but rather risk-taking, the crossing of the Rubicon being Caesar's last gambit.

The road ran along the southern edge of the pancake-flat Pianura Padana within sight of the northern foothills of Italy's Appennine mountains, crossing numerous tributary rivers of the Po, notably the Rubicone near Rimini-although it is not certain that this river is the same as the famous Rubicon crossed by Julius Caesar in 49 BC ; and the river Trebbia near Piacenza, site of the first of Hannibal's three major victories over the Romans during his invasion of Italy.

Compare " crossing the Rubicon ".

As an example, he notes that millions of humans have crossed the Rubicon river in Northeastern Italy, but that historians have only chosen to treat the crossing of the Rubicon by Julius Caesar in 49 BCE as an important " historical fact ".

Since 1957, more and more trans-Atlantic passengers have been crossing by air.

Follow this by crossing from one corner of the room to the other on all fours, kicking as high as possible.

Returning to the school crossing, the officer was informed by the Sisk boy that he recognized the driver, a neighbor, and had obtained the license number.

Transport in Antarctica has transformed from explorers crossing the isolated remote area of Antarctica by foot to a more open area due to human technologies enabling more convenient and faster transport, predominantly by air and water, as well as land.

Through the treachery of some Lucanian exiles, he was compelled to engage under unfavourable circumstances near Padosia, on the banks of the Acheron, and was killed by the hand of one of the exiles, as he was crossing the river.

Between June and August 2007, the first east-west crossing of the full new Asian Highway was achieved by Britons Richard Meredith and Phil Colley driving a V8 Vantage.

A shared border crossing point has been built and has been functioning since 2003, and is used without hindrance by either party.

Allied assault on the Schellenberg – taken by coup de main on 2 July – provided the Allies with an excellent river crossing.

The Danish cavalry, under the Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt ( not to be confused with the Duke of Württemberg who fought with Eugene ), had made slow work of crossing the Nebel near Oberglau ; harassed by Marsin's infantry near the village, the Danes were driven back across the stream.

According to the ancient authors, the Boii arrived in northern Italy by crossing the Alps.

The Bastarnae provided the casus belli by crossing the Haemus and attacking the Dentheletae, a Thracian tribe who were Roman allies.

A monster will also become angry if either player collects a skull ( the only negative item in the game ), and the monster is hit by the resulting comet crossing the screen.

With a special pointing device, or by crossing out past days, it may indicate the current date and weekday.

A shared border crossing point has been built and has been functioning since 2003, and is used without hindrance by either party.

This area is located near the Sečovlje-Plovanija official border crossing point ( set up by an interim agreement of the two countries in the 1990s ).

Located at the first convenient Charles River crossing west of Boston, Newe Towne was one of a number of towns ( including Boston, Dorchester, Watertown, and Weymouth ) founded by the 700 original Puritan colonists of the Massachusetts Bay Colony under governor John Winthrop.

Crete is extremely mountainous, and its character is defined by a high mountain range crossing from west to east, formed by three different groups of mountains:

In general, access between the platforms involves crossing the tracks by pedestrian level crossing.

The Canchim breed is a breed of beef cattle developed in Central Brazil by crossing European Charolais cattle with Indubrazil cattle already kept in Brazil where Asian Zebu type cattle are best suited to the tropical conditions.

Cuauhtémoc was captured while fleeing Tenochtitlán by crossing Lake Texcoco in disguise with his wife, family, and friends.

This crossing was named by Aeschylus in his tragedy The Persians as the cause of divine intervention against Xerxes.

The smooth-haired dachshund, the oldest style, may be a cross between the German Shorthaired Pointer, a Pinscher, and a Bracke ( a type of bloodhound ), or to have been produced by crossing a short Bruno Jura Hound with a pinscher.