Next to the old problem of the slowness of decision making, network structure seems to be paramount, and without monitoring no network has value.

The discussion of professional ethics inevitably reminded us that in the historical perspective the President's decision will finally clarify itself as a moral, rather than a medical, problem.

Another problem in the area of federal-state relationships is this: what constitutes reversible error in a state decision??

The problem arises, if it does arise, when the educator has to make a choice or a decision within the area of his professional competence, but which bears some relation to the social structure.

That is why it is so very important that ethical analysis keep clear the problem of decision as to `` permitted '' effects, and not draw back in fright from any conceivable contingency or suffer paralysis of action before possibilities or probabilities unrelated, or not directly morally related, to what we can and may and must do as long as human history endures.

A partial formalization of the concept began with attempts to solve the Entscheidungsproblem ( the " decision problem ") posed by David Hilbert in 1928.

In solving a subsonic problem, one decision to be made by the aerodynamicist is whether to incorporate the effects of compressibility.

Athanasius ' first problem lay with the Meletians, who had failed to abide by the terms of the decision made at the First Council of Nicaea which had hoped to reunite them with the Church.

In other words, there is an algorithm for a quantum computer ( a quantum algorithm ) that solves the decision problem with high probability and is guaranteed to run in polynomial time.

In complexity theory, the satisfiability problem ( SAT ) is a decision problem, whose instance is a Boolean expression written using only AND, OR, NOT, variables, and parentheses.

The Cook – Levin theorem states that the Boolean satisfiability problem is NP-complete, and in fact, this was the first decision problem proved to be NP-complete.

To solve this instance of the decision problem we must determine whether there is a truth value ( TRUE or FALSE ) we can assign to each of the variables ( x < sub > 1 </ sub > through x < sub > 4 </ sub >) such that the entire expression is TRUE.

The problem of how many variable assignments satisfy a formula, not a decision problem, is in # P. UNIQUE-SAT or USAT or Unambiguous SAT is the problem of determining whether a formula known to have either zero or one satisfying assignments has zero or has one.

The first theory about software was proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem ( decision problem ).

The decision problem that asks whether a certain string s belongs to the language of a certain context-sensitive grammar G, is PSPACE-complete.

Worse yet, since the aforementioned decision problem for CSG's is PSPACE-complete, that makes them totally unworkable for practical use, as a polynomial-time algorithm for a PSPACE-complete problem would imply P = NP.

In contrast, an instance of this problem is a rather concrete utterance, which can serve as the input for a decision problem.

To further highlight the difference between a problem and an instance, consider the following instance of the decision version of the traveling salesman problem: Is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres in length passing through all of Germany's 15 largest cities?

Usually this takes the form of a public process, where interested parties can express their concerns and sometimes including a public hearing, followed by a commission decision.

Willingly or not — the 11th-century Prophecy of Berchán, a verse history in the form of a supposed prophecy, states that it was not a voluntary decision — Constantine abdicated in 943 and entered a monastery, leaving the kingdom to Malcolm.

One form of democracy is direct democracy, in which citizens have direct and active participation in the decision making of the government.

* Granularity: When a continuously variable analog value is represented in digital form there is always a decision as to the number of symbols to be assigned to that value.

A method for solving a decision problem given in the form of an algorithm is called a decision procedure for that problem.

Hayek ( 1937 ) defined an efficient planning process as one where all decision makers form plans that contain relevant data from the plans from others.

The second, " the financing decision " relates to how these investments are to be funded: capital here is provided by shareholders, in the form of equity ( privately or via an initial public offering ), creditors, often in the form of bonds, and the firm's operations ( cash flow ).

The third, " the dividend decision ", requires management to determine whether any unappropriated profit is to be retained for future investment / operational requirements, or instead to be distributed to shareholders, and if so in what form.

The extensive form can be viewed as a multi-player generalization of a decision tree.

Historians debate whether the decision to form a separate country was initiated by Stalin or by the SED.

* In 2011, IKEA and its Swedwood affiliate came under criticism for its treatment of workers at a U. S. factory in Danville, Virginia and its decision to hire the law firm Jackson Lewis, which is often employed by companies to counter labor demands, to consult with IKEA on attempts to form a union at Danville.

Although Abul Khayr's intent had been to form a temporary alliance against the stronger Kalmyks, the Russians gained permanent control of the Lesser Horde as a result of his decision.

However, in early 1972 he faced a new threat in the form of Simon Kapwepwe's decision to leave UNIP and found a rival party, the United Progressive Party, which Kaunda immediately attempted to suppress.

They form part along with the Speaker of the National Assembly, the legislative offices which under the constitution have the final decision and last word on any legislative matter including the laws of Mauritius.

The landmark decision helped define the boundary between the constitutionally separate executive and judicial branches of the American form of government.

Willingly or not — the 11th-century Prophecy of Berchán, a verse history in the form of a supposed prophecy, states that it was not a voluntary decision that Constantine II abdicated in 943 and entered a monastery, leaving the kingdom to Malcolm.

This means that the person involved should have legal capacity to give consent ; should be so situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, over-reaching, or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion ; and should have sufficient knowledge and comprehension of the elements of the subject matter involved as to enable him / her to make an understanding and enlightened decision.

The Reform movement rejects the idea that halakha ( Jewish law ) is the sole legitimate form of Jewish decision making, and holds that Jews can and must consider their conscience and ethical principles inherent in the Jewish tradition when deciding upon a right course of action.

The principle does not state how the decision is to be made, or what the outcome should be, whether it be independence, federation, protection, some form of autonomy or even full assimilation.

After this decision, many previous coalition partners of the government then defected and joined the main opposition party, the Democrat party, and refusing elections to immediately form a new government in the favour of the old guard elites.

Lane had seen Mariani in the final few gigs of the Go-Starts and asked him for guitar lessons which became jams, then writing songs, and finally the decision was made to form The Stems.

* Political statement, any act or nonverbal form of communication that is intended to influence a decision to be made for or by a group

If the appellate court does find a legal defect in the decision " below " ( i. e., in the lower court ), it may " modify " the ruling to correct the defect, or it may nullify (" reverse " or " vacate ") the whole decision or any part of it.

Lincoln's decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation angered both Peace Democrats (" Copperheads ") and War Democrats, but energized most Republicans.

(" Postulate " in Dianetics and Scientology has the meaning of " a conclusion, decision or resolution made by the individual himself ; to conclude, decide or resolve a problem or to set a pattern for the future or to nullify a pattern of the past " in contrast to its conventional meanings.

This act remains a yehareg ve ' al ya ' avor (" die rather than transgress " offense ) under the decision.

In R v G & R 2003, the House of Lords overruled its decision in Caldwell 1981, which had allowed the Lords to establish mens rea (" guilty mind ") by measuring a defendant's conduct against that of a " reasonable person ," regardless of the defendant's actual state of mind.

Determining if the customer is likely to return to reclaim an item is a subjective decision, and wily customers may attempt to persuade the pawnshop owner that the item in question is important to them (" that necklace belonged to my grandmother, so I will certainly return for it "), and they will claim that they will return to recover it.

It is perfectly clear, indeed, that all that was done or asked for in 1120 was an imperial decision as to which of several forms or interpretations of the game now known as T ' ien-kiu (" Heavens and Nines ") was to be considered orthodox.

Following a 1959 Australian decision (" NRDC "), they believe that it is not possible to grasp the invention concept in a single rule.

There are other methods of estimation that minimize the posterior risk ( expected-posterior loss ) with respect to a loss function, and these are of interest to statistical decision theory using the sampling distribution (" frequentist statistics ").

Fata, although it became a feminine noun in the Romance languages, was originally the neuter plural (" the Fates ") of fatum, past participle of the verb fari to speak, hence " thing spoken, decision, decree " or " prophetic declaration, prediction ", hence " destiny, fate ".

Creon even goes so far as to say " everything else shall be second to your father's decision " (" An.

The people of northern Dithmarschen began to meet in 1447 " auf der Heide " (" on the heath "); later, the Council of the 48 — representatives of the most important families and the central decision body of Dithmarschen — met at St. Jürgen.

Among others he beat were Light Heavyweight Champion Battling Levinsky ( who had never been knocked out before Dempsey did so ), Bill Brennan, Fred Fulton, Carl E. Morris, Billy Miske (" newspaper decision "), heavyweight Lefty Jim McGettigan and Homer Smith.

In the fall of 2007, a decision was made to reconstruct the Umgestülpter Zuckerhut (" Upended Sugarloaf "), an iconic half-timbered house famous for its unusual shape.

In 1806 Napoleon made his decision to erect a memorial, a Temple de la Gloire de la Grande Armée (" Temple to the Glory of the Great Army "); following an elaborate competition with numerous entries and a jury that decided on a design by the architect Claude Étienne de Beaumont ( 1757 – 1811 ), the Emperor trumped all, instead commissioning Pierre-Alexandre Vignon ( 1763 – 1828 ) to build his design on an antique temple ( Compare the Maison Carrée, in Nîmes ) The then-existing foundations were razed, preserving the standing columns, and work begun anew.

The decision resulted in the Dresden organ dispute (" Dresdner Orgelstreit ").

The decision was discussed in one of the magazine's regular opening features (" Big Tsimmis "), but SPI did not publish the game.

Wazir itself has two possible etymologies: on one hand it might be derived from āzara (" to help "), from the Semitic root W-Z-R (" to help somebody "); on the other hand, the presence of a Middle Persian predecessor for the word ( in Pahlavi ), vicir (" a legal document " or " decision "), derived from the Avestan vichira, meaning decreer or arbitrator, would seem to indicate an Indo-European origin.

The inverted question mark was adopted long after the Real Academia's decision, published in the second edition of ( The Orthography of the Royal Academy ) in 1754 recommending it as the symbol indicating the beginning of a question in written Spanish — (" How old are you ?").

The show's opening theme song is about Andy and his decision to settle down in Cincinnati ; in the episode " The Creation of Venus ", Andy echoes the opening theme lyrics in talking about his past (" Got kinda tired of packing and unpacking, town to town, up and down the dial ").

The Lopez decision was clarified in United States v. Morrison,, in which the Supreme Court invalidated § 40302 of the Violence Against Women Act (" VAWA ").