In current usage, the word monarchy generally refers to a traditional system of hereditary rule, as elective monarchies are rare in the modern period ( though they do still exist in Vatican City, Andorra and Malaysia ).

In 1505, Germaine of Foix married Ferdinand V of Castile, thereby bringing the lordship of Andorra under Spanish rule.

In his history of the game, historian David Nelson concluded that the first forward passes were thrown on Christmas Day 1905 in a match between two small colleges in Kansas: " Although Cochems was the premier passing coach during the first year of the rule, the first forward passes were thrown at the end of the 1905 season in a game between Fairmount and Washburn colleges in Kansas.

Zeniff dies and passes rule to his son Noah.

Under the Hohenstaufen rule, the alpine passes in Raetia and the St. Gotthard Pass gained importance.

* Gotland passes under Danish rule.

The mesencephalic " nucleus " is the sole exception to the general rule that sensory information passes through peripheral sensory ganglia before entering the central nervous system.

The Court reasoned that although the Lanham Act forbids a reverse passing off, this rule regarding the misuse of trademarks is trumped by the fact that once a copyrighted work ( or, for that matter, a patented invention ) passes into the public domain, anyone in the public may do anything they want with the work, with or without attribution to the author.

He called for a ' National Salary Insurance ', a Job Guarantee and free universal childcare, but also said that " freebies " such as Winter Fuel Allowance and free bus passes should become sacred but he did not rule out returning to Parliament in 2015, but declared his support for Ed Miliband and his leadership.

For the 2004-05 American Hockey League season, four major rule changes were made that were intended to increase the scoring in games and make it more popular among casual fans -- ( 1 ) increasing the size of the attack zones by narrowing the neutral zone two feet each side and thus moving the goal line back two feet, ( 2 ) restrictions on the goaltender playing the puck, ( 3 ) permitting offside players to negate the penalty by " tagging up " with the blue line, and ( 4 ) changing the offside rule by permitting passes which cross the center line and one blue line ( but not between both blue lines in certain restrictions ).

*** A variant to the rule is where President passes any 2 cards to the Bitch, after receiving cards.

Should the reigning Prince die without legitimate offspring, the succession passes through the Prince's siblings and their legitimate descendants using the same male-preference rule.

If a would-be successor dies or renounces the succession, the succession nevertheless passes to his or her own legitimate descendants using the same male-preference rule.

A number of new rule changes were instituted, many inspired by the 1932 indoor championship game: the goal posts were moved forward to the goal line, every play started from between the hash marks, and forward passes could originate from anywhere behind the line of scrimmage ( instead of five yards behind ).

Upon entering the chapel, one passes through a set of bronze gates, which are elaborately crafted and “ illustrate the … intense determination of Henry VII to put to the forefront every possible indication of his claims to the crown of England .” The gates are decorated with numerous royal crests that serve to legitimize his rule.

The mountain passes on the Dalton Highway in Alaska have a rule where goods-carrying northbound truck traffic has the right of way, while returning southbound traffic has to stop, as mentioned on Ice Road Truckers.

The general rule is that unless otherwise agreed, risk passes with title.

That rule exists to avoid people buying InterRail for work commuting and business travel, for which there may be passes at prices several times that of InterRail.

This leads to differences in the application of the rule on screen passes in which the intended receiver is behind the line of scrimmage:

As a rule, the line with the lower voltage passes under the line with higher voltage.

Depending on the options set before the match, the gamer may opt to have less dribble control ( resulting in the game ball sliding in the direction of the player movement ); manual goalkeeper control which puts the player in control of all goalkeeper saves and kicks ; ball-trapping, of which the player will not be able to shield the ball and allows opponents to snatch it away without necessitating a tackle ; and no pass-back rule which was implemented during World Cup ' 94 where a keeper may not pick up the ball whenever an outfield player passes it back to him.

Later rule changes led to the adoption of Rule 12, Section 3, Article 1 ( informally known as the " Stroud Rule "): " Goal tending by any player leaping up to deflect a kick as it passes above the crossbar of a goal post is prohibited.

The Ottomans would have units of armatoloi or kapetanioi ( καπετάνιοι ; captains ) function as peace-keepers in territories near difficult terrain ( i. e. mountain passes ) or in areas where resistance to foreign rule entailed acts of theft by the klephts.

This rule is known as both the " Lester Hayes Rule " and the " Fred Biletnikoff Rule " since both players were notorious for using sticky substances to make it easier for them to catch passes.

The Emperor planned to have Felix and Liberius rule jointly, but when Liberius returned Felix was forced to retire to Porto, near Rome, where, after making an unsuccessful attempt to establish himself again in Rome, he died on 22 November 365.

* 1479 20 January – Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon – the Catholic Monarchs, jointly rule the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, including Gibraltar.

Louis, who was impressed by such nobility, renewed the old friendship with Frederick and they both agreed to rule the Empire jointly.

On 8 February, an agreement was concluded with the empress Anna of Savoy, whereby he and John V Palaiologos would rule jointly.

* Casimir III of Poland is succeeded jointly by his sister, Elisabeth of Kujavia, and her son, Louis I of Hungary, beginning the rule of Poland by the Capet-Anjou family.

However, it is unlikely that this was intended to allow Margaret to rule alone as queen regnant, but rather jointly with her future spouse, whoever he might be.

When they tried to rule the Empire jointly they actually considered dividing it in halves, but were persuaded not to do so by their mother.

Note that in cases of joint possession, the above rule does not distinguish between a situation in which only one or more jointly possessed items perform a grammatical role and a situation in which both one or more such items and a non-possessing entity independently perform that role.

Romulus and Tatius rule jointly for five years and subdue the Alban colony of the Camerini.

The two Ptolemy brothers agree to rule Egypt jointly with their sister Cleopatra II and Coele Syria is invaded by the Egyptian forces.

Magnus ' advisors then recommended the young king not fight his uncle, and a compromise was reached in which Harald would rule jointly with Magnus, and Harald would share half of his wealth with Magnus.

Oedipus's sons, Eteocles and Polynices, had shared the rule jointly until they quarreled, and Eteocles expelled his brother.

Stilicho joined the Roman army and rose through the ranks during the reign of Theodosius I, who ruled the Eastern half of the Roman Empire from Constantinople, and who was to become the last Emperor to rule both the Eastern and Western halves of the Empire jointly.

Helgi and Sinfjötli rule a kingdom jointly.

Instead of fighting a civil war, the Ptolemy brothers agreed to rule Egypt jointly.

At the time of disintegration, many warlords tried to enthrone themselves or rule the khanate jointly, however, there had been powerful de factos in all parts of the Mongol Empire before.

As vassals of the Portuguese state, the Kingdom of Ormus jointly participated in the 1521 invasion of Bahrain that ended Jabrid rule of the Persian Gulf archipelago.

In his final confrontation with Stalin in Moscow in 1926, Bordiga proposed that all the Communist Parties of the world should jointly rule the Soviet Union, as a demonstration of the supra-national reality of the workers ' movement.

The treaty between Ramon Berenguer and his father-in-law stipulated that their descendants would rule jointly over both realms.

Aizik Isaakovich Vol ' pert developed extensively a calculus for BV functions: in the paper he proved the chain rule for BV functions and in the book he, jointly with his pupil Sergei Ivanovich Hudjaev, explored extensively the properties of BV functions and their application.

Mary refused the offer, and instead William and Mary ruled jointly, with both having the right to rule alone on the other's death.

The king and his mother, whose title is Indlovukazi ( Great She-Elephant ), rule jointly.

At first he waged war against the steppe jointly with his cousin Oleg, but after Vladimir was sent by his father to rule Chernigov and Oleg made peace with the Polovtsi to retake that city from him, they parted company.

A compromise was arranged – Arrhidaeus ( as Philip III ) should become King, and should rule jointly with Roxana's child, assuming that it was a boy ( as it was, becoming Alexander IV ).