Several influential Russians would propose new terms for the territories, as in 1805 when the Russian explorer Timovski revived the use of " Turkestan " to refer to Middle Asia, and " East Turkestan " to refer to the Tarim Basin east of Middle Asia in southern Xinjiang ; or in 1829, when the Russian sinologist Nikita Bichurin proposed the use of " East Turkestan " to replace " Chinese Turkestan " for the Chinese territory east of Bukhara.

Zhang spent a year in Yuezhi and the adjacent Bactrian territory, documenting their cultures, lifestyles and economy, before beginning his return trip to China, this time following the southern edge of the Tarim Basin.

It stretches along the southern edge of what is now called the Tarim Basin, the infamous Takla Makan or " sand-buried houses " desert, and the Gobi Desert.

This conquest of Buddhist Khotan by the Muslim Turks — about which there are many colourful legends — marked another watershed in the Islamicisation and Turkicisation of the Tarim Basin, and an end to local autonomy of this southern Tarim city state.

Hotan is served by China National Highway 315, which runs along the southern Tarim Basin from Ruoqiang to Kashgar, and the Trans-Taklamakan Desert Highway, which run north to Aksu.

The Kingdom of Khotan was an ancient Buddhist kingdom that was located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim basin.

* The middle Tarim route, allowing the shortest possible itinerary of all four routes, connected Korla on the northern Tarim route over Loulan across the Lop Nor region with Dunhuang on the southern Tarim route.

* Ruins of Niya ( 泥雅 ), a site on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin, in modern-day Xinjiang, China

Cliff city ; altitude, population 373, 492 in 2003 ), is a county in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, located on the southern rim of the Taklamakan desert in the Tarim Basin.

The rocks are severely weathered on the surface, a thick layer of the coarser products of denudation covers the flat parts and climbs a good way up the flanks of the mountain ranges, but all the finer material, sand and clay has been blown away partly southeast into the Ordos, partly into the Chinese provinces of Shen-si and Shan-si, where it is deposited as loess, and partly west, where it chokes all the southern parts of the basin of the Tarim.

The Western Regions or Xiyu () was a historical name specified in the Chinese chronicles between the 3rd century BC to 8th century AD that referred to the regions west of Jade Gate, most often Central Asia or sometimes more specifically the easternmost portion of it ( e. g. the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang ), though it was sometimes used more generally to refer to other regions to the West of China as well, such as the Indian subcontinent ( like in the novel Journey to the West ).

While this was transpiring, in the nearby southern Tarim Basin city of Khotan, three brothers of rich Bughra family, Muhammad Amin Bughra, Abdullah Bughra and Nur Ahmad Jan Bughra, educated in the jadidist tradition, had led a rebellion of gold miners who worked in Surghak mines near Keriya city, also in Yurunkash and Karakash mountain rivers, and established themselves as emirs of the city, having declared the Khotan Emirate and independence from China on March 16, 1933.

Most of these mummies were found on the eastern end of the Tarim Basin ( around the area of Lopnur, Subeshi near Turpan, Kroran, Kumul ), or from ( Khotan, Niya, and Cherchen or Qiemo ), along the southern edge of the Tarim Basin.

The earliest Tarim mummies, found at Qäwrighul and dated to 1800 BCE, are of a Europoid physical type whose closest affiliation is to the Bronze Age populations of southern Siberia, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, and the Lower Volga.

He had not yet undertaken the great exploit of his later years, the rediscovery of the ancient Inca highway, the route of Pizarro in Peru, but he had climbed to the original El Dorado, the Andean lake of Guatemala, and he had scaled the southern Sierra Nevada with its Tibetan-like people and looked into the emerald mines of Muzo.

After winning over the Sanhaja Berber tribe, they quickly took control of the entire desert trade route, seizing Sijilmasa at the northern end in 1054, and Aoudaghost at the southern end in 1055.

Their route led them through Persia, along the southern and eastern shores of the Caspian Sea, and certainly through Talas, north-east of Tashkent.

When the First Transcontinental Railroad was proposed in the 1850s, Atchison called for it to be built along the central route ( from St. Louis through Missouri, Kansas, and Utah ), rather the southern route ( from New Orleans through Texas and New Mexico ).

Two Pacific Ocean populations are known to exist: one of not more than 130 individuals ( according to the most recent population assessment in 2008 ) whose migratory route is presumed to be between the Sea of Okhotsk and southern Korea, and a larger one with a population between 20, 000 and 22, 000 individuals in the eastern Pacific travelling between the waters off Alaska and Baja California Sur.

Oualata was the southern terminus of the trans-Saharan trade route and had recently become part of the Mali Empire.

Several proposals in late 1852 and early 1853 had strong support, but in the end they failed because of disputes over whether the railroad would follow a northern or a southern route.

Kanem was located at the southern end of the trans-Saharan trade route between Tripoli and the region of Lake Chad.

Latvia's principal river, the Daugava River, was at the head of an important mainland route from the Baltic region through Russia into southern Europe and the Middle East used by the Vikings and later Nordic and German traders.

As Timbuktu was the southern end of the principal Trans-Saharan trade route to the western Mediterranean, it was the source of most European knowledge of the region.

Ref2: The southern route ‘ out of Africa ’: evidence for an early expansion of modern humans into Arabia.

* Königgrätzer Straße ( southern portion ), earlier names Potsdamer Communication and then Hirschelstraße, also running along part of the customs wall's old route, actually leading mainly south east.

Three main long-distance footpaths run the length of the mountain range ; the GR 10 across the northern slopes, the GR 11 across the southern slopes, and the HRP which traverses peaks and ridges along a high altitude route.

The route to southern Greece ( Boeotia, Attica and the Peloponnesus ) would require the army of Xerxes to travel through the very narrow pass of Thermopylae.

* " southern route ", to avoid the barrier of the Rockies by going across Texas, New Mexico Territory, across the Sonora desert and on to Los Angeles, California.

A survey after 1848 indicated that the best route for a southern route had been overlooked when the US accepted a boundary proposed by Mexico in their peace treaty.

The southern route could now be built entirely within U. S. territory.

The southern route was not constructed until 1880, when the Southern Pacific Railroad crossed Arizona territory.

Once it was decided that the railroad would follow the central route rather than the southern route, there was little question that the western terminus would be Sacramento.

Because they needed to control the Persian Gulf trade route, the Parthians established garrisons along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf.

Thessaloniki also lay at the southern end of the main north-south route through the Balkans along the valleys of the Morava and Axios river valleys, thereby linking the Balkans with the rest of Greece.

They learn that the combined armies of the north are en route in an attempt to hold Seven Gates and Bagrada, the middle and southern passes of the Cloudspine mountain range respectively, against the army of The Deceiver, who is preparing to cross the range to replace Shiver's forces in the west.

At the beginning of the war, a discontinuous front line ran through southern Finland from west to east, dividing the country into White Finland and Red Finland.

The Sacred Way ran through the Sacred Gate, on the southern side, to Eleusis.

Further standing timbers were placed at the northeast entrance, and a parallel alignment of posts ran inwards from the southern entrance.

Because the territorial boundary line between the U. S. and Canada ran through the middle of Lake Erie and then up the Detroit River, combined with the prevailing belief regarding the location of the southern tip of Lake Michigan, the framers of the 1802 Ohio Constitution believed it was the intent of Congress that Ohio's northern boundary should certainly be north of the mouth of the Maumee River, and possibly even of the Detroit River.

In 1968, Richard Nixon ran the first GOP " Southern strategy " campaign appealing to disaffected southern white voters.

As dictated by southern Congressional members the route ran from St. Louis, Missouri through Arkansas, Oklahoma Indian Territory, Texas, New Mexico Territory, and across the Sonora Desert before ending in San Francisco, California.

The reconstructed northern boundary of the range in Asia ran from Lake Ladoga ( at 60 ° N ) through the area of Novgorod and Moscow into the southern Ural, where it reached 52 ° N.

Various streets which ran between the northern and southern part of the city, including Ledra Street, were blockaded.

In this region, bordering the Sea of Galilee, was the highly fertile plain of Gennesaret, characterised by Josephus as the ambition of nature, an earthly paradise, and with the southern portion of the region acting as a natural pass between the highlands of Canaan, several major roads ( such as those from Damascus to Tyre and Acre ) ran through it.

However, Royal Savage was unable to fight the headwinds, and ran aground on the southern tip of Valcour Island.

Houses built on the southern side of St Georges Terrace included market gardens which ran to the waters edge.

Electric services began on 31 March 1913 and ran from the two southern termini to Shoreditch and via and.

A junction was established in the southern part of the parish from which a spur line ran twelve miles northward to the west bank of the Mississippi river across from Baton Rouge at a location which was already called " Port Allen ".

Prior to 1966 road traffic between the southern counties of Wales and the southern counties of England either had to travel via Gloucester or take the Aust Ferry, which ran roughly along the line of the Severn Bridge, from Old Passage near Aust to Beachley.

The southern portion of the canal, as built, ran for along the west side of the river, from Northumberland to West Nanticoke, where a dam at Nanticoke Falls was built to divert water from the river into the canal.

In the Nazareth area, this was caused by the completion of the nearby Pennsylvania Route 33, which ran north and south, thereby connecting Interstate 78, U. S Route 22, and Interstate 80 ( all of which ran east-west ), and the completion of the Interstate 78 southern Lehigh Valley corridor high speed interstate, which connected the Lehigh Valley to New Jersey and New York to the east, and Harrisburg and Pittsburgh to the west.

It ran from the shore at the north end of the Parade in a broad arc, bent against the open sea, towards the southern end of the present north pier.

* The Kalamunda Zig Zag or Upper Darling Range Railway ran up the southern steep side of the Helena Valley entrance until 1949.

Silla's northern boundary ran through the middle of southern Goguryeo, from the Taedong River ( which flows through P ' yŏngyang ) in the west to Wŏnsan in modern-day Kangwon Province in the east.

The Daming Palace and the Xingqing Palace ( located along the eastern wall of the city ) both had a small lake to boast, yet the Serpentine River Park had a large lake within its bounds that was bigger than the latter two lakes combined, connected at the southern end by a river that ran under the main walls and out of the city.

The eastern boundary is formed by a long escarpment, the Sapouné Heights, averaging 600 feet high, and pierced by two passes only: the metalled Woronstov road, and, at the southern end of the heights, the Col, through which ran a steeper and more difficult road leading from the west end of Sevastopol to Balaclava.

New York City, which then extended to a stockade which ran approximately north-southeast from today's Chambers Street ( Manhattan ) | Chambers Street and Broadway, is visible beyond the southern shore.

The railway itself ran from Lüshun Port at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula to Harbin, where it connected to the Chinese Eastern Railway.