A third theory assumes common authorship of the Western and Alexandrian texts, but claims the Alexandrian text is the short first draft, and the Western text is a longer polished draft.

Often one assumes a priori that the algebra under consideration is unital: for one can develop much of the theory by considering and then applying the outcome in the original algebra.

The theory is said to assume many aspects of how the universe came to be without scientific analysis, and assumes a monotheistic religious outlook.

The phrase " Cogito ergo sum " ( I think, therefore I am ) is also commonly associated with Descartes ' theory, because in his own methodological doubt, doubting everything he previously knew in order to start from a blank slate, the first thing that he could not logically bring himself to doubt was his own existence: " I do not exist " would be a contradiction in terms ; the act of saying that one does not exist assumes that someone must be making the statement in the first place.

Haeckel ’ s embryo drawings are primarily intended to express his idiosyncratic theory of embryonic development, the Biogenetic Law, which in turn assumes ( but is not crucial to ) the evolutionary concept of common descent.

Ricardian trade theory ordinarily assumes that the labor is the unique input.

Einstein's theory of special relativity, like Newtonian mechanics, assumes the equivalence of all inertial reference frames, but makes an additional assumption, foreign to Newtonian mechanics, namely, that in free space light always is propagated with the speed of light c < sub > 0 </ sub >, a defined value independent of its direction of propagation and its frequency, and also independent of the state of motion of the emitting body.

; Cosmology: The Big Bang theory of the evolution of the observable universe assumes that space is isotropic.

The theory of supply and demand usually assumes that markets are perfectly competitive.

While the supergravity description assumes a continuous space-time, Matrix theory predicts that, at short distances, non-commutative geometry takes over, somewhat similar to the way the continuum of water breaks down at short distances in favor of the graininess of molecules.

In the special theory of relativity, Einstein keeps the postulate that the equations of motion do not depend on the reference frame, but assumes that the speed of light is invariant.

* The second theory assumes that the document was created in order to protect the interests of Mieszko's second wife Oda and their sons ( who were named in the document ) after Mieszko's death.

Classical economic theory assumes that a profit-maximizing producer with some market power ( either due to oligopoly or monopolistic competition ) will set marginal costs equal to marginal revenue.

The simplest theory of operation for a pulley system assumes that the pulleys and lines are weightless, and that there is no energy loss due to friction.

The roots of the theory go back to the result of Émile Picard in 1879, showing that a non-constant complex-valued function which is analytic in the entire complex plane assumes all complex values save at most one.

For simplicity's sake, the following discussion assumes the validity of the Altaic language family, although for linguists who do not accept Altaic a relation of Altaic to Uralic is obviously a non-starter, though some part of " Altaic " ( e. g. Turkic ) might be related to Uralic, in theory.

This theory assumes that representations in working memory decay unless they are refreshed.

This theory assumes a general deficit in old age in the ability to inhibit irrelevant, or no-longer relevant, information.

The theory assumes probabilistic causation.

This theory also assumes that causality must be constant: i. e. that nothing can occur in the absence of cause, whereas some theories hold that an event may remain constant even if its initial cause was subsequently eliminated.

Since NUTS theory assumes the possibility of a winnable nuclear war, the contention of many MAD theorists that missile defense systems should be abandoned as a destabilizing influence is generally not accepted by NUTS theorists.

The microscopic theory assumes pairwise additivity.

Optimality theory assumes that these components are universal.

The theory assumes that two processes take place:

The theory assumes that during these trials an association develops between the CS and the US through classical conditioning and, because of the aversive nature of the US, the CS comes to elicit a conditioned emotional reaction ( CER ) – " fear.

Likewise, Roger Cohen, in an op-Ed for the New York Times propounded that, " captive minds ... resort to conspiracy theory because it is the ultimate refuge of the powerless.

One of the distinguishing characteristics of critical theory, as Adorno and Horkheimer elaborated in their Dialectic of Enlightenment ( 1947 ), is a certain ambivalence concerning the ultimate source or foundation of social domination, an ambivalence which gave rise to the “ pessimism ” of the new critical theory over the possibility of human emancipation and freedom.

To the ultimate explanation of the phenomena with which he dealt he contributed nothing, and it is noteworthy although he did not maintain to the end of his life the corpuscular theory he never explicitly adopted the wave theory of light.

William James in his lecture ' Great Men and Their Environment ' underlined the importance of the Great Man's congruence with the surroundings ( in the broad sense ), though his ultimate point was that environments and individuals shape each other reciprocally, just as environments and individual members of animal species do according to Darwinian theory.

This idea somewhat anticipates the modern concept of an ultimate grand unification theory that finally explains all of existence in terms of one inter-related sub-atomic reality which applies to everything.

The ultimate culmination was the theory of quantum electrodynamics, which explains all optics and electromagnetic processes in general as being the result of the exchange of real and virtual photons.

We are now controlled not by binding extra-linguistic value paradigms defining notions of collective identity and ultimate purpose, but rather by our automatic responses to different species of " language games " ( a concept Lyotard imports from JL Austin's theory of Speech Acts ).

With guidance by molecular theory, the dependence of viscoelastic properties on these variables can be simplified by introducing additional concepts such as the free volume, the monomeric friction coefficient, and the spacing between entanglement loci, to provide a qualitative understanding and in many cases a quantitative prediction of how to achieve desired physical and chemical properties and ultimate microstructure.

Stephen Hawking, in his book The Grand Design, wrote that M-theory may be the ultimate theory of the universe.

The ultimate goal of the general strike, according to Industrial Workers of the World theory, is to displace capitalists and give control over the means of production to workers.

The ultimate in large numbers was, until recently, the concept of infinity, a number defined by being greater than any finite number, and used in the mathematical theory of limits.

The Cabinet is the ultimate decision-making body of the executive within the Westminster system of government in traditional constitutional theory.

A general theory of molecular mechanosynthesis to parallel that of photosynthesis and chemosynthesis ( both used by living things ) is the ultimate goal of the field.

The theoretical scientific exploration of the ultimate fate of the universe became possible with Albert Einstein's 1916 theory of general relativity.

The most probable theory is that the name derives from the Finnish dialectal word oulu, meaning " floodwater ", which is related to e. g. Southern Saami åulo, meaning " melted snow ", åulot meaning " thaw " ( of unknown ultimate origin ).

Although in theory the CMC has the highest military command authority, in reality the ultimate decision making power concerning war, armed forces, and national defense resides with the Communist Party ’ s Politburo.

On the basis of this, Gaia theory and geophysiology represent the ultimate extension of these principles.

Philosopher Allan Bloom, a student of Leo Strauss, criticized Rawls for failing to account for the existence of natural right in his theory of justice, and wrote that Rawls absolutizes social union as the ultimate goal which would conventionalize everything into artifice.

Kin selection theory in this view is seen as specifying an ultimate cause rather than a proximate cause ( See Tinbergen's four questions ) of social bonding and cooperation.

* Maximum normal stress theory-This theory postulates, that failure will occur in machine part if the maximum normal stress in the part exceeds the ultimate tensile stress of the material as determined from uniaxial testing.

The ultimate goal of cognitive therapy is to modify distorted thoughts or misconceptions associated with whatever is being feared ; the theory is that modifying these thoughts will decrease anxiety and avoidance of certain situations.

He wrote in his autobiography: " I found here a theory of heredity and development elaborated with uncommon perspicacity to its ultimate consequences ..... This stimulated experimental work of my own "

A central question in the theory of branching processes is the probability of ultimate extinction, where no individuals exist after some finite number of generations.