This hypothetical clade, Toxicofera, includes all venomous squamates: the suborders Serpentes and Iguania and the families Varanidae, Anguidae, and Helodermatidae.

Other research on Toxicofera, a hypothetical clade thought to be ancestral to most living reptiles, suggests an earlier time frame for the evolution of snake venom, possibly to the order of tens of millions of years, during the Late Cretaceous.

* Venom clade, also known as Toxicofera, a group of reptiles containing snakes and some lizard families

This discovery of venom in monitor lizards, as well as in agamid lizards, led to the Toxicofera hypothesis: that all venomous lizards and snakes share a common venomous ancestor.

In 1899, Ladislas Deutsch ( Laszlo Detre ) ( 1874 – 1939 ) named the hypothetical substances halfway between bacterial constituents and antibodies " substances immunogenes ou antigenes ".

A review of fourteen studies on the subject in sub-Saharan Africa, covering insecticide-treated nets, residual spraying, chemoprophylaxis for children, chemoprophylaxis or intermittent treatment for pregnant women, a hypothetical vaccine, and changing front – line drug treatment, found decision making limited by the gross lack of information on the costs and effects of many interventions, the very small number of cost-effectiveness analyses available, the lack of evidence on the costs and effects of packages of measures, and the problems in generalizing or comparing studies that relate to specific settings and use different methodologies and outcome measures.

In principle, mesons with more than one quark – antiquark pair may exist ; a hypothetical meson with two pairs is called a tetraquark.

John Bellenden Ker (? 1765 – 1842 ), for example, wrote four volumes arguing that English nursery rhymes were actually written in ' Low Saxon ', a hypothetical early form of Dutch.

In 1982, Stanley B. Prusiner of the University of California, San Francisco announced that his team had purified the hypothetical infectious prion, and that the infectious agent consisted mainly of a specific protein – though they did not manage to isolate the protein until two years after Prusiner's announcement.

Any technological device – whether fictional or hypothetical – that would be used to achieve time travel is commonly known as a time machine.

The earlier Megarian dialecticians – Diodorus Cronus and Philo – had done work in this field, and the pupils of Aristotle – Theophrastus and Eudemus – had investigated hypothetical syllogisms, but it was Chrysippus who developed these principles into a coherent system of propositional logic.

Consider a hypothetical hotel with countably infinitely many rooms, all of which are occupied – that is to say every room contains a guest.

John Rawls ( 1921 – 2002 ) proposed a contractarian approach that has a decidedly Kantian flavour, in A Theory of Justice ( 1971 ), whereby rational people in a hypothetical " original position ", setting aside their individual preferences and capacities under a " veil of ignorance ", would agree to certain general principles of justice and legal organization.

The hypothetical unit would see a cost reduction of 35 – 70 % after producing its first.

Thought experiments, which are well-structured, well-defined hypothetical questions that employ subjunctive reasoning ( irrealis moods ) – " What might happen ( or, what might have happened ) if.

For example, a camera with a 1 / 1. 8 " sensor has a 5. 0x field of view crop, and so a hypothetical 5-50mm zoom lens produces images that look similar ( again the differences mentioned above are important ) to those produced by a 35mm film camera with a 25 – 250mm lens, while being much more compact than such a lens for a 35mm camera since the imaging circle is much smaller.

Korean reunification ( Korean: 통일, also called 남북통일 ( in the South, literally South-North Reunification ), 북남통일 ( in the North, literally North – South Reunification ) and 조국통일 ( usually in the North, literally Homeland Reunification ) refers to the hypothetical future reunification of DPR Korea and Republic of Korea under a single government.

World War III ( WWIII or the Third World War ) is a hypothetical conflict that denotes a successor to World War II ( 1939 – 1945 ).

< li > On hypothetical propositions ( 30 – 7 )</ li ></ ol >

After many failed attempts to derive the parallel postulate from other axioms, the study of the still hypothetical hyperbolic geometry by Johann Heinrich Lambert ( 1728 – 1777 ) led him to introduce the hyperbolic functions and compute the area of a hyperbolic triangle ( where the sum of angles is less than 180 °).

A Thorne – Żytkow object or TŻO is a hypothetical type of star wherein a red giant or supergiant contains a neutron star at its core.

Most hypothetical constructions rely on the fact that hydrogen bombs can be made arbitrarily large assuming there are no concerns about delivering them to a target ( see Teller – Ulam design ) or that they can be " salted " with materials designed to create long-lasting and hazardous fallout ( e. g., a cobalt bomb ).

* International dollar, common name for the Geary – Khamis dollar, a hypothetical unit of currency

Literature and science have created a wealth of demonyms that are not directly associated with a cultural group, such as Martian for hypothetical people of Mars ( credited to scientist Percival Lowell ), Jovian for those of Jupiter or its moons, Earthling ( from the diminutive-ling, ultimately from Old English-ing meaning " descendant ") as a possible name for the people of Earth ( as also " Terran ", " Terrene ", " Tellurian ", " Earther ", " Earthican ", " terrestrial ", and " Solarian " – from Sol, the sun ), and Lilliputians and Brobdingnagians from the islands of Lilliput and Brobdingnag in the satire Gulliver's Travels.

Paleontologists regard birds as the only clade of dinosaurs to have survived the Cretaceous – Paleogene extinction event 65. 5 Ma ago.

Members of the CW clade have flagella that are displaced in a " clockwise " ( CW, 1 – 7 o ' clock ) direction e. g. Chlamydomonadales.

Members of the DO clade have flagella that are " directly opposed " ( DO, 12 – 6 o ' clock ) e. g. Sphaeropleales.

In cladograms, the clade the authors are most interested in is usually shown in greater detail and as far away from the root – the base – as possible, commonly in the top left corner ( if the root is at the bottom ) or, like in the diagram above, at the bottom ( if the root is to the left or right ).

The idea of a clade did not exist in pre-Darwinian Linnaean taxonomy, which was based by necessity only on internal or external morphological similarities between organisms – although as it happens, many of the better known animal groups in Linnaeus ' original Systema Naturae ( notably among the vertebrate groups ) do represent clades.

attributed the atypically high frequencies of the haplogroup in the Masalit to either a recent population bottleneck that likely altered the community's original haplogroup diversity or to geographical proximity to E1b1b's place of origin in North Africa, where the researchers suggest that the clade " might have been brought to Sudan from [...] after the progressive desertification of the Sahara around 6, 000 – 8, 000 years ago ".

Namely, other recent authors have considered loons to share a rather close relationship with seabirds such as penguins ( Sphenisciformes ), tubenoses ( Procellariiformes ), waders ( Charadriiformes ) – and perhaps the newly-discovered clade Mirandornithes which unites grebes ( Podicipediformes ) and their closest living relatives, the flamingos ( Phoenicopteriformes ).

* Pteronetta – may belong into a distinct clade with Cyanochen

A useful character for distinguishing Anacamptis from Orchis – where the Green-veined Orchid clade was formerly included – is the basal fusion of the three sepals in Anacamptis.

The Sarcopterygii or lobe-finned fish ( from Greek σαρξ sarx, flesh, and πτερυξ pteryx, fin ) – sometimes considered synonymous with Crossopterygii (" fringe-finned fish ", from Greek κροσσός krossos, fringe ) – constitute a clade ( traditionally a class or subclass ) of the bony fish, though a strict cladistic view would include the terrestrial vertebrates.

As such they are empirical data which can support a certain hypothesis that terminal groups form a clade ( monophyletic group ) together to the exclusion of certain other groups – whereas character-states that are shared, but also shared by other terminal groups descending from an earlier common ancestor, cannot be used to exclude these other groups.

Phorusrhacids (" Wrinkle-bearers ", in reference to the wrinkled surface of the jaw of Phorusrhacos ), colloquially known as " terror birds " as the larger species were apex predators during the Miocene, were a clade of large carnivorous flightless birds that were the dominant predators in South America during the Cenozoic, 62 – 2 million years ( Ma ) ago.

clade –

While superficially these reptiles vary in appearance ( at one time they were even included in different subclasses – the trilophosaurs were considered euryapsids, and the rhynchosaurs were considered lepidosaurs and were included in the same order as the tuatara ), they are actually united by a number of small skeletal and skull-related details that suggest they form a clade that descended from a single common ancestor.

Viruses are assigned according to their similarity to known lab based strains – the ΦX174-like clade, G4-like clade and the α3-like clade.

The earliest divergent members of the genus – including Brocchinia prismatica in the Prismatica clade, and such species as B. melanacra and B. vestita in the Maguirei clade – lack tanks entirely and appear to depend solely on soil nutrients.

The Captainship General of Cuba, encompassing Cuba and the governorships of Florida ( safe the English occupation between 1763 – 83 ), Santo Domingo ( until 1795 ), Puerto Rico, and the entire Louisiana Territory ( 1763 – 1803 )

* 1921 – The Autonomous Government of Khorasan, a military government encompassing the modern state of Iran, is established.

This opinion proved fateful, because Eliot, while President of Harvard 1869 – 1909 — a period encompassing nearly all of Peirce's working life — repeatedly vetoed Harvard's employing Peirce in any capacity.

* New York State classifies felonies by letter, with some classes divided into sub-classes by Roman numeral ; classes range from Class E ( encompassing the least severe felonies ) through Classes D, C, B, and A – II up to Class A – I ( encompassing the most severe ).

An independent continuation appeared in the reign of Pope Eugene IV ( 1431 – 1447 ), appending biographies from Pope Urban V ( 1362 – 1370 ) to Pope Martin V ( 1417 – 1431 ), encompassing the period of the Western Schism.

* Windows Media – A digital media platform encompassing individual Windows Media technologies

The range of a male wolverine can be more than 620 km < sup > 2 </ sup > ( 240 sq mi ), encompassing the ranges of several females which have smaller home ranges of roughly 130 – 260 km < sup > 2 </ sup > ( 50 – 100 sq mi ).

The architecture of Mesopotamia is the ancient architecture of the region of the Tigris – Euphrates river system ( also known as Mesopotamia ), encompassing several distinct cultures and spanning a period from the 10th millennium BC, when the first permanent structures were built, to the 6th century BC.

The United States Census Bureau defines Kings County as encompassing the entire Hanford – Corcoran Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA Code 25260 ).

Rancho Laguna 2 has become known as the name of a controversial proposed housing development in Moraga – one of several projects encompassing nearly 1, 000 homes that are being considered by town officials.

Through annexation, Sunrise eventually expanded to its current boundaries – encompassing more than 18 square miles, reaching the Everglades and dropping south of I-595 / State Road 84.

* Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge – A federal conservation area encompassing part of the Montezuma Marsh.

The city, along with its Arkansas counterpart, forms the core of the Texarkana, Texas – Texarkana, Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area, encompassing all of Bowie County, Texas and Miller County, Arkansas.

Also Alvin Toffler argues that knowledge is the central resource in the economy of the information society: " In a Third Wave economy, the central resource – a single word broadly encompassing data, information, images, symbols, culture, ideology, and values – is actionable knowledge " ( Dyson / Gilder / Keyworth / Toffler 1994 ).

In January – February 1988, Spacemen 3 undertook a six-week tour of continental Europe, encompassing Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Holland and Belgium.

Draper's OCD-like behavior and creative mind has at times led to difficulties with potential clients who find him too encompassing of the original California software community ethos – which he sticks to until this very day.