Mesopotamia is generally considered to be the location of the earliest civilization or complex society, meaning that it contained cities, full-time division of labor, social concentration of wealth into capital, unequal distribution of wealth, ruling classes, community ties based on residency rather than kinship, long distance trade, monumental architecture, standardized forms of art and culture, writing, and mathematics and science.

The most common temple architecture of Mesopotamia is the structure of sun-baked bricks called Ziggurat, having the form of a terraced step pyramid with flat upper terrace where shrine or temple stood

While so-called ' pitched ' brick vaulting, which could be constructed without centering, may date back in the Ancient Near East to the 2nd millennium BC, the earliest evidence of the pointed masonry arch appears in late Roman and Sassanian architecture, mostly evidenced in early church building in Syria and Mesopotamia, but occasionally also in secular structures like the Karamagara Bridge.

Ubaid culture is characterized by large village settlements, characterized by multi-roomed rectangular mud-brick houses and the appearance of the first temples of public architecture in Mesopotamia, with a growth of a two tier settlement hierarchy of centralized large sites of more than 10 hectares surrounded by smaller village sites of less than 1 hectare.

Similar forms are found in the hovering winged disc and sacred trees of Mesopotamia, the caduceus wand of Hermes, the ubiquitous scrolled scallop shells in the canopy of the renaissance sculptural niche, originating in Greek and Roman sarcophagi, echoed above theatrical proscenium arches and on the doors, windows, wrought iron gates and balconies of palaces and grand houses ; the shell-like fanlight over the door in Georgian and similar urban architecture, the ' gul ' and ' boteh ' motifs of Central Asian carpets and textiles, the trident of Neptune / Poseidon, both the trident and lingam of Shiva, the ' bai sema ' lotus-petal-shaped boundary markers of the Thai inner-temple, Vishnu's mount, Garuda, the vajra thunderbolt, diamond mace or enlightenment jewel-in-the-lotus of Tibet and South-East Asia, the symmetrically scrolled cloud and bat motifs and the similarly scrolled ruyi or ju-i scepter and lingzhi or fungus of longevity of the Chinese tradition.

There are records of humans maintaining plants in pleasure gardens as early as ancient Mesopotamia, with an especially strong tradition of incorporating gardens into the architecture of human landscapes in China.

Depicting an anthropomorphic god as a naturalistic human is an innovative artistic idea that may well have diffused from Egypt to Mesopotamia, just like a number of concepts of religious rites, architecture, the " banquet plaques " and other artistic innovations previously.

Considerable specialization in teaching subjects such as architecture, furniture design, textiles and color is also desirable.

It is an over-all impression Mr. Sansom strives for, an impression compounded of visual details, of a savory mixture of smells, of much loving attention to architecture and scenery, of lights and shadows, of intangibles of atmosphere and of echoes of the past.

* Earth Architecture-A website whose focus is contemporary issues in earth architecture.

The term Building design professional ( or Design professional ), by contrast, is a much broader term including professionals who practice independently under an alternate profession, such as engineering professionals, or those who assist in the practice architecture under the supervision of a licensed architect, such as architectural technologists and intern architects.

The most lucrative award an architect can receive is the Pritzker Prize, sometimes termed the " Nobel Prize for architecture.

So it is no surprise that the science of acoustics spreads across so many facets of our society — music, medicine, architecture, industrial production, warfare and more.

One uncommon alternative is " Usonian ", which usually describes a certain style of residential architecture designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.

Each assembly language is specific to a particular computer architecture, in contrast to most high-level programming languages, which are generally portable across multiple systems.

Today Ahmed I is remembered mainly for the construction of the Sultan Ahmed Mosque ( also known as the Blue Mosque ), one of the masterpieces of Islamic architecture.

The design of the house is a synthesis of numerous stylistic influences, from traditional Finnish vernacular to purist modernism, as well as influences from English and Japanese architecture.

Altdorfer's figures are invariably the complement of his romantic landscapes ; for them he borrowed Albrecht Dürer's inventive iconography, but the panoramic setting is personal and has nothing to do with the fantasy landscapes of the Netherlands A Susanna in the Bath and the Stoning of the Elders ( 1526 ) set outside an Italianate skyscraper of a palace shows his interest in architecture.

The astylar design is by Jean Chalgrin ( 1739 – 1811 ), in the Neoclassical version of ancient Roman architecture ( see, for example, the triumphal Arch of Titus ).

One of the most famous contemporary buildings by an anthroposophical architect is ING House, an ING Bank building in Amsterdam, which has received several awards for its ecological design and approach to a self-sustaining ecology as an autonomous building and example of sustainable architecture.

In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the AC-III polypeptide is only half as long, comprising one 6-transmembrane domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain, but two of these form a functional homodimer that resembles the mammalian architecture.

The triforium ( open arcade ) above the door is unique in Scottish medieval architecture.

As in Classical architecture, in Gothic architecture, too, an aedicule or tabernacle frame is a structural framing device that gives importance to its contents, whether an inscribed plaque, a cult object, a bust or the like, by assuming the tectonic vocabulary of a little building that sets it apart from the wall against which it is placed.

The architecture of the school buildings is in the same style as royal Rajasthani architecture.

The school's main building, in white marble, is a classic example of Indo-Saracenic architecture.

The most substantial difference, however, is a graphics architecture which differs markedly from either the Atari 2600 VCS or Atari ’ s 8-bit line of computers.

Alexander Pope implied the architecture is rather dull, lacking either the vigour of the baroque style which was fading from fashion at the time, or the austere grandeur of the Palladian style which was just coming into vogue.

An accumulator machine, also called a 1-operand machine, or a CPU with accumulator-based architecture, is a kind of CPU where, although it may have several registers, the CPU mostly stores the results of calculations in one special register, typically called " the accumulator ".

Classical-Relating to or from ancient Roman or Greek architecture and art.

Apart from the mosque, called Jāma ' Iltutmish ( pronounced Altamish locally ), nearly the whole of the ancient temple has fallen into ruins, but the relics are still unsurpassed as examples of Hindu architecture and sculpture.

As such, it can be seen as connecting other disciplinary approaches for investigating ancient astronomy: astroarchaeology ( an obsolete term for studies that draw astronomical information from the alignments of ancient architecture and landscapes ), history of astronomy ( which deals primarily with the written textual evidence ), and ethnoastronomy ( which draws on the ethnohistorical record and contemporary ethnographic studies ).

The cupola is a development during the Renaissance of the oculus, an ancient device found in Roman architecture, but being weatherproof was superior for the wetter climates of northern Europe.

Cerberus featured in many works of ancient Greek and Roman literature and in works of both ancient and modern art and architecture, although the depiction and background surrounding Cerberus often differed across various works by different authors of the era.

Numerous references to Cerberus have appeared in ancient Greek and Roman art, found in archaeological ruins and often including in statues and architecture, inspired by the mythology of the creature.

A classical order is one of the ancient styles of classical architecture, each distinguished by its proportions and characteristic profiles and details, and most readily recognizable by the type of column employed.

Three ancient orders of architecture — the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian — originated in Greece.

The Renaissance period saw renewed interest in the ruins left by the ancient cultures of Greece and Rome, and the fertile development of a new architecture based on classical principles.

In ancient Egyptian architecture, this was a common element in a tomb, the false door representing a gate to the afterlife.

Galeazzo Alessi ( 1512 – December 30, 1572 ) was an Italian architect from Perugia, known throughout Europe for his distinctive style based on his enthusiasm for ancient architecture.

Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece.

The Mughal emperors married local royalty, allied themselves with local maharajas, and attempted to fuse their Turko-Persian culture with ancient Indian styles, creating a unique Indo-Saracenic architecture.

In addition, despite his major impact on Ancient Egyptian architecture and field of medicine, even ancient historians failed to write about him, which adds to his mystery.

After his death, he was known to be responsible for the use of columns and monumental stone in Egyptian architecture and considered to have fully advanced ancient Egyptian medicine.

The Louvre has been a repository of sculpted material since its time as a palace ; however, only ancient architecture was displayed until 1824, except for Michelangelo's Dying Slave and Rebellious Slave.

The Norse had a strong sense of naval architecture, and during the early medieval period they were advanced for their time, compared to other European nations ( earlier shipbuilding techniques, for example those of Mediterranean peoples, such as ancient Greece and Rome, were far more sophisticated and varied, especially in terms of joinery ).

The study of ancient Mesopotamian architecture is based on available archaeological evidence, pictorial representation of buildings, and texts on building practices.

Palace after palace was discovered, with their decorations and their sculptured slabs, revealing the life and manners of this ancient people, their arts of war and peace, the forms of their religion, the style of their architecture, and the magnificence of their monarchs.

Alma-Tadema's meticulous archaeological research, including research into Roman architecture ( which was so thorough that every building featured in his canvases could have been built using Roman tools and methods ) led to his paintings being used as source material by Hollywood directors in their vision of the ancient world for films such as D. W. Griffith's Intolerance ( 1916 ), Ben Hur ( 1926 ), Cleopatra ( 1934 ), and most notably of all, Cecil B. DeMille's epic remake of The Ten Commandments ( 1956 ).

The Architecture of the ancient Etruscans adapted the external Greek architecture for their own purposes, which were so different from Greek buildings as to create a new architectural style.

Campania is rich in culture, especially in regards to gastronomy, music, architecture, archeological and ancient sites such as Pompeii, Herculaneum, Paestum and Velia.