Casimir III the Great () ( 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370 ) who reigned in 1333 – 1370, was the last King of Poland from the Piast dynasty, the son of King Władysław I the Elbow-high and Duchess Hedwig of Kalisz.

The Kingdom was restored under Władysław I the Elbow-high, strengthened and expanded by his son Casimir III the Great.

The Commonwealth, assertive militarily under King Stephen Báthory, suffered from dynastic distractions during the reigns of the Vasa kings Sigismund III and Władysław IV.

* Hedwig of Kalisz ( 1266 – 1339 ), wife of the King Władysław I the Elbow-high and mother of Casimir III of Poland and Elisabeth of Poland.

In 1206 Henry and his cousin Duke Władysław III Spindleshanks of Greater Poland agreed to swap the Silesian Lubusz Land against the Kalisz region, which met with fierce protest by Władysław's III nephew Władysław Odonic.

The next year Henry's ally Władysław III Spindleshanks succeeded Leszek I as High Duke ; however as he was still contested by his nephew in Greater Poland, he made Henry his governor at Kraków, whereby the Silesian duke once again became entangled into the dispute over the Seniorate Province.

Her actions promoted the reign of her husband: Upon the death of the Polish High Duke Władysław III Spindleshanks in 1231, Henry also became Duke of Greater Poland and the next year prevailed as High Duke at Kraków.

He thereby was the first of the Silesian Piast descendants of Władysław II the Exile to gain the rule over Silesia and the Seniorate Province according to the 1138 Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty.

This union was contracted in connection with the Ascanian efforts to support the Junior Dukes in opposition to King Conrad III of Germany, who supported the deposed High Duke Władysław II as legal ruler of Poland.

There were descendants of superseded daughters of Casimir III of Poland ( d. 1370 ), such as his youngest daughter Anna, Countess of Celje ( d. 1425 without surviving Issue ), and her daughter Anna of Celje ( 1380 – 1416 ) whom Władysław II Jagiełło married next.

Ladislaus III ( also known as Władysław III or Vladislaus III ) may refer to:

* Władysław III of Poland and Lithuania ( 1424 – 1444 ), Polish name Władysław Warneńczyk, also king of Hungary, known posthumously as Vladislaus III of Varna

* Władysław III of Poland ( disambiguation )

pl: Władysław III

On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland ( also King of Hungary ) and János Hunyadi at the Battle of Varna, which was the final battle of the Crusade of Varna.

* 1444: Ottoman Empire under Sultan Murad II defeats the Polish and Hungarian armies under Władysław III of Poland and János Hunyadi at the Battle of Varna.

Southern Greater Poland and the Seniorate Province at Kraków were ruled by election among the Piast princes, although there existed a testament of the late Duke of Greater Poland and Kraków, Władysław III Spindleshanks, who had left all his lands to Henry I the Bearded.

The Duchy of Silesia, one of the hereditary provinces of Poland, Silesia, was granted to Bolesław III's eldest son, Władysław II the Exile, and was subsequently divided among his sons Bolesław I the Tall ( Wrocław / Lower Silesia ), Mieszko I Tanglefoot ( Racibórz / Upper Silesia ) and Konrad Spindleshanks ( Głogów ).

Certainly the first years of Bolesław weren't easy, because he had to share the fierce dispute of his father against Władysław III Spindleshanks ( his own uncle ) for his inheritance.

Mestwin was a member of the Samborides dynasty, the son of Duke Sobiesław of Gdańsk and younger brother of Sambor I, whom he succeeded in Pomerelia by appointment of the Polish High Duke Władysław III Spindleshanks.

The 14th century obituary of Oliwa Abbey denotes the date of his death with 7 February 1207, however Sambor probably died under the reign of High Duke Władysław III Spindleshanks ( 1202 – 1206 ).

Both his uncle Duke Mieszko III the Old and his cousin Władysław III Spindleshanks from the Greater Polish branch of the royal Piast dynasty constested Leszek's right to be senior duke during this era.

Konrad was also entangled in the conflict over the Polish Seniorate Province with his Piast cousin Duke Władysław III Spindleshanks of Greater Poland and assumed the title of a Polish High Duke in 1229.

Władysław III Spindleshanks (; b. 1161 / 67 – 3 November 1231 ), of the Piast Dynasty, was Duke of Greater Poland ( during 1194 – 1202 over all the land and during 1202 – 1229 only over the southern part ), High Duke of Poland and Duke of Kraków during 1202 – 1206 and 1228 – 1231, Duke of Kalisz during 1202 – 1206, ruler of Lubusz during 1206 – 1210 and 1218 – 1225, and ruler over Gniezno during 1216 – 1217.

The nickname " Spindleshanks " ( Laskonogi ) was given to Władysław in the Chronicle of Greater Poland.

In 1215 Władysław Spindleshanks ' position has been further weakened by the growth of the power of Archbishop Henry Kietlicz, who supported the provisions of IV Lateran Council, and the subsequent congress of the Junior princes in Wolbórz, where Leszek I the White, Konrad I of Mazovia, Władysław Odonic and Casimir I of Opole not only agreed to extend the economic and legal benefits for the Church, but also supported the claims of Odonic to obtain his rightful inheritance.

In 1217 an unexpected treaty was concluded between the previous antagonists Leszek I the White and Władysław Spindleshanks, under which if one or both rulers died without male issue, the other could inherit all his domains.

This agreement clearly affected the interests of the Duke of Kalisz Władysław Odonic, Spindleshanks ' nearest male relative.

The first test of the Triumvirate ( Władysław III Spindleshanks, Henry I the Bearded and Leszek I the White ) was the death in 1219 of Archbishop Henry Kietlicz and the common choice for the post of Archbishop, the chancellor Wincenty z Niałka, one of Spindleshanks ' closest associates.

Despite the many benefits of Władysław Spindleshanks received in the congress of Sądowel he didn't participate in a national campaign against the pagan Prussians.

For unknown reasons, Władysław Spindleshanks didn't appear in Gąsawa, although is believed that both Archbishop Wincenty of Gniezno and Bishop Paweł II of Poznań watched his interests.

There are also other versions from these events, but because of shortage of resources and ambiguity were several theories ; also, there strong probabilities that Władysław Spindleshanks was involved in Leszek I's death, because was him, and not Swantopolk II, who obtain the greatest benefits from the crime.

After the crime of Gąsawa Władysław Spindleshanks turns directly to the offensive.

The choice of Władysław Spindleshanks as High Duke wasn't unconditional choice, because during an assembly organizated in Cienia Pierwsza he was compelled to sign two important documents.

* 1911 – Władysław Szpilman, Polish pianist ( d. 2000 )

* 1905 – Władysław Gomułka, Polish leader ( d. 1982 )

* Władysław Reymont ( 1868 – 1925 ).

Beginning with the Lithuanian Grand Duke Jogaila ( Władysław II Jagiełło ), the Jagiellon dynasty ( 1386 – 1572 ) formed the Polish – Lithuanian union.

* 1867 – Władysław Reymont, Polish writer, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1925 )

* 1386 – Władysław II Jagiełło ( Jogaila ) is crowned King of Poland.

* 1918 – Władysław Kędra, Polish pianist ( d. 1968 )

* 1939 – General Władysław Sikorski becomes commander-in-chief of the Polish Government in exile.

* December 5 – Władysław Szpilman, Polish pianist and memoirist ( d. 2000 )

* May 20 – Władysław Sikorski, Polish general and politician ( d. 1943 )

* Władysław Vasa of Poland ( 1595 – 1648 ), Polish Prince, self-proclaimed Grand Duke of Moscow, and future King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

* Władysław Natanson ( 1864 – 1937 ), physicist

A rival of King Władysław I the Elbow-high to the Polish crown, John supported the Teutonic Knights in the Polish – Teutonic War from 1326 to 1332.

* Elisabeth of Opole ( 1360 – 74 ), daughter of Duke Władysław Opolczyk, in 1372.

* November 10 – King Władysław III of Poland ( in battle ) ( b. 1424 )

Władysław III ( 31 October 1424 – 10 November 1444 ), also known as Władysław of Varna was King of Poland from 1434, and King of Hungary from 1440, until his death at the Battle of Varna.