* 1943 – World War II: First Québec Conference of Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and William Lyon Mackenzie King begins.

After Anna died in 1281, in 1284 Andronikos II then married Yolanda ( renamed Irene ), a daughter of Marquis William VII of Montferrat, with whom he had:

Following the Glorious Revolution, the line of succession to the English throne was governed by the Bill of Rights 1689, which declared that the flight of James II from England to France during the revolution amounted to an abdication of the throne and that James ' son-in-law, ( and nephew ) William of Orange, and his wife, James ' daughter, Mary, were James ' successors, who ruled jointly as William III and Mary II.

The Bill of Rights also stated that the line of succession would go through their descendants, then through Mary's sister Princess Anne, and her descendants, and then to the issue of William III by a later marriage ( if he were to marry again after the death of Mary II ).

However, Mary II died childless in 1694, after which William III did not remarry, and Princess Anne's last surviving child, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, died six years later, after which it was unlikely she would have any more children due to her age and the large number of miscarriages she had previously suffered.

* 1689 – William III and Mary II are crowned as joint sovereigns of Britain.

The reigns of King Przemysł II of Poland ( 1296 ), William the Silent of the Netherlands ( 1584 ), and the French kings Henry III ( 1589 ) and Henry IV ( 1610 ) were all ended by assassins.

William " Bill " Boyd Watterson II ( born July 5, 1958 ) is an American cartoonist and the author of the comic strip Calvin and Hobbes, which was syndicated from 1985 to 1995.

The Battle of Waterloo by William Sadler ( painter ) | William Sadler II

Following William and Mary's accession to the throne, England involved itself in the War of the Grand Alliance primarily to prevent a French invasion restoring Mary's father, James II.

William the Breton, chaplain to Philip II at Bouvines at the battle, that the lines of soldiers stood in line in a space of 40 000 steps ( 15 hectares ), which leaves very little clearance and predisposes melee.

William Aiton, a Scottish botanist, included an entry for the cranberry in volume II of his 1789 work, Hortus Kewensis.

* 1792 – King William II of the Netherlands ( d. 1849 )

During the conflict which resulted from the ousting of King James II by his Protestant rival, William III, Enniskillen and Derry were the focus of Williamite resistance in Ireland, including the nearby Battle of Newtownbutler.

His older brother was William Frank Thompson ( 1919 – 1944 ), a British officer in World War II, who was captured and shot aiding the Bulgarian anti-fascist partisans.

Meanwhile, a new threat arose from abroad: Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, Frederick William II of Prussia, and the King's brother Charles-Philippe, comte d ' Artois, issued the Declaration of Pillnitz, which considered the cause of Louis XVI as their own, demanded his absolute liberty and implied an invasion of France on his behalf if the revolutionary authorities refused its conditions.

* 1693 – The College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia is granted a charter by King William III and Queen Mary II.

* 1911 – William Darby, American World War II Army officer ( d. 1945 )

Of his two daughters, the eldest, Louise Charlotte, married Jacob Kettler, Duke of Courland, and the younger, Hedwig Sophie, married William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.

On 25 August 1476 in Berlin John married Margaret of Wettin, a daughter of Landgrave William III of Thuringia with Anne of Habsburg, Duchess of Luxembourg.

Joachim ( 1505 – 1571 ), the future elector of Brandenburg, was the eldest son and heir of their current claimant of Luxembourg, Joachim I, Elector of Brandenburg ( 1484 – 1535 ), the eldest son and heir of the late Margaret of Thuringia ( 1449 – 1501 ), Dowager Electress of Brandenburg, herself the eldest daughter and heiress of Anna, Duchess of Luxembourg and William of Saxony, Landgrave of Thuringia.

* William I, Landgrave of Hesse ( 1466 – 1515 )

* August 25 – William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel ( or Hesse-Cassel ) ( b. 1532 )

** William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel ( or Hesse-Cassel ), German Protestant leader ( d. 1592 )

* July 11 – William II, Landgrave of Hesse ( b. 1469 )

In 1457, Albert arranged a marriage between his eldest son John, and Margaret, daughter of William III, Landgrave of Thuringia, who inherited the claims upon Hungary and Bohemia of her mother, a granddaughter of Emperor Sigismund.

* William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel ( 1532-1592 )

Charles V, enthroned over his defeated enemies ( from left ): Suleiman the Magnificient | Suleiman, Pope Clement VII, Francis I of France | Francis I, the William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg | Duke of Cleves, the John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony | Duke of Saxony and the Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse | Landgrave of Hesse.

His brother the governor, who would succeed Frederick as Landgrave William VIII of Hesse-Kassel, though by background a distinguished soldier, was likewise a great success locally.

Siegen may or may not have met Rupert: Siegen had worked as chamberlain, and probably part-tutor, to Rupert's young cousin William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, with whom Rupert discussed the technique in letters from 1654.

This group was led by William I, Landgrave of Hesse.

Frederick Charles Louis Constantine, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse ( 1 May 1868, Gut Panker – 28 May 1940, Kassel ), Friedrich Karl Ludwig Konstantin Prinz und Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel in German, was the brother-in-law of the German Emperor William II and the elected King of Finland from 9 October to 14 December 1918.

He was the third son of Frederick William of Hesse, the then Landgrave of Hesse, and his wife Princess Anna of Prussia, daughter of Prince Charles of Prussia and Princess Marie Louise of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.

His mother was Charlotte, daughter of William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.

He also edited Coeli et siderum in eo errantium observationes Hassiacae ( 1618 ), containing the astronomical observations of Landgrave William IV of Hesse.

* William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel ( or Hesse-Cassel ) ( 1532 – 1592 )

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor | Charles V, enthroned over his defeated enemies ( from left ): Suleiman the Magnificent, Pope Clement VII, Francis I of France | Francis I, the William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg | Duke of Cleves, the John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony | Duke of Saxony and the Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse | Landgrave of Hesse.

The Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel was elevated to the Electorate of Hesse and Landgrave William IX was elevated to Imperial Elector during the reorganization of the Empire in 1803, in the midst of the Napoleonic wars, and later occupied by French troops and became part of the Kingdom of Westphalia, which was a French satellite state.

He was succeeded by his son William VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, an infant, who died in 1670, and was succeeded by his brother Charles I.

In 1579, Jost Bürgi built a clock for William of Hesse that marked In 1581, Tycho Brahe redesigned clocks that displayed minutes at his observatory so they also displayed seconds.

* William I, Elector of Hesse ( 1743 – 1821 )

* Marie of Hesse-Kassel ( born 6 September 1804 ), daughter of William II, Elector of Hesse and Augusta of Prussia ( ultimately she married Bernard II of Saxe-Meiningen )

Nicholas and Charlotte were third cousins, as they were both great-great-grandchildren of Frederick William I of Prussia. Emperor Alexander II, born 17 April 1818, successor of father Nicholas I, assassinated 13 March 1881, married 1841, Marie of Hesse and by Rhine

" The hippies were heirs to a long line of bohemians that includes William Blake, Walt Whitman, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Herman Hesse, Arthur Rimbaud, Oscar Wilde, Aldous Huxley, utopian movements like the Rosicrucians and the Theosophists, and most directly the Beatniks.

Artists represented include Josef Albers, Donald Baechler, Thomas Hart Benton, Lucile Blanch, Louise Bourgeois, Charles Burchfield, Alexander Calder, Greg Colson, Dan Christensen, Ronald Davis, Stuart Davis, Richard Diebenkorn, Arthur Dove, William Eggleston, Helen Frankenthaler, Arshile Gorky, Keith Haring, Grace Hartigan, Marsden Hartley, Robert Henri, Eva Hesse, Hans Hofmann, Edward Hopper, Jasper Johns, Franz Kline, Willem de Kooning, Lee Krasner, Ronnie Landfield, John Marin, Knox Martin, John McCracken, John McLaughlin, Robert Motherwell, Bruce Nauman, Louise Nevelson, Barnett Newman, Kenneth Noland, Jackson Pollock, Maurice Prendergast, Kenneth Price, Robert Rauschenberg, Man Ray, Mark Rothko, Morgan Russell, Albert Pinkham Ryder, Cindy Sherman, John Sloan, Paul Pfeiffer, Andy Warhol, and hundreds of others.

His new wife, Anna of Saxony, was described by contemporaries as " self-absorbed, weak, assertive, and cruel ", and it is generally assumed that William married her to gain more influence in Saxony, Hesse and the Palatinate.

He immediately appointed his younger brother William governor of Hesse.

Upon their father's death in 1884, Frederick's eldest brother Frederick William became the head of the House of Hesse, and afterwards his next brother Alexander.

Following the reorganization of the German states during the German mediatisation of 1803, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel was raised to the Electorate of Hesse and Landgrave William IX was elevated to Imperial Elector, taking the title William I, Elector of Hesse.