In other terms: " Application of scientific and technical advances in life science to develop commercial products " is biotechnology.

The Holding is a limited company, dedicated to the commercial exploitation of scientific knowledge.

Many different anthropogenic sources have helped to create this decline, including the siltation and sedimentation, blocking of dispersal / migration routes, and destruction of riverine habitats created by dams and other development, as well as pollution, disease and overharvesting for commercial and scientific purposes.

IBM had two model categories: one ( 701, 704, 709, 7090, 7040 ) for engineering and scientific use, and one ( 702, 705, 7080, 7070, 7010 ) for commercial or data processing use.

The two categories, scientific and commercial, generally used common peripherals but had completely different instruction sets, and there were incompatibilities even within each category.

The System / 360 was a single series of compatible models for both commercial and scientific use.

Besides the traditional scientific applications, KSR with Oracle Corporation, addressed the massively parallel database market for commercial applications.

KSR refocused its efforts from the scientific to the commercial marketplace, with emphasis on parallel relational databases and OLTP operations.

Their objectives were both scientific and commercial – to study the area's plants, animal life, and geography, and to learn how the region could be exploited economically.

Ernst Ruska, working at Siemens developed the first commercial transmission electron microscope and major scientific conferences on electron microscopy started being held in the 1950s.

Computer Speeds From Instruction Mixes pre-1960 to 1971 has results for around 175 computers, providing scientific and commercial ratings.

It was the first family of computers designed to cover the complete range of applications, from small to large, both commercial and scientific.

The 91, for example, was designed for scientific computing and provided out-of-order instruction execution ( and could yield " imprecise interrupts " if a program trap occurred while several instructions were being read ), but lacked the decimal instruction set used in commercial applications.

Some scientific journals require that authors provide information to allow readers to determine whether the authors might have commercial or non-commercial conflicts of interest.

Choice of typeface ( s ) is the primary aspect of text typography — prose fiction, non-fiction, editorial, educational, religious, scientific, spiritual and commercial writing all have differing characteristics and requirements of appropriate typefaces and fonts.

Japan claims that whale stocks for some species are sufficiently large to sustain commercial hunting and blame filibustering by the anti-whaling side for the continuation of scientific whaling.

: The reason for the moratorium commercial whaling was scientific uncertainty about the number of whales.

Publications by scholarly societies, also known as not-for-profit-publishers ( NFP ), usually cost less than commercial publishers, but the prices of their scientific journals are still usually several thousand dollars a year.

The goal, as presented by NASA to Congress, was to provide a much less-expensive means of access to space that would be used by NASA, the Department of Defense, and other commercial and scientific users.

While most of the current activity at the site is related to the cleanup project, Hanford also hosts a commercial nuclear power plant, the Columbia Generating Station, and various centers for scientific research and development, such as the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the LIGO Hanford Observatory.

Also known as the “ Oscars of invention ”, the awards are given each year for the development of cutting-edge scientific and engineering technologies with commercial potential.

Essentially all forms of scientific and commercial uses were then limited to dedicated measurements which hopefully would capture the need for that application.

Yet while a formula pairing commercial viability to duration of protection may be said to produce more economically efficient results in respect of high technology inventions with shorter shelf-lives, the same perhaps cannot be said for certain forms of copyrighted works, for which the present value of expenditures relating to creation depend less on scientific equipment and research and development programmes and more on unquantifiable creativity.

While the system was first developed for commercial use, its coherent set of units made it particularly suitable for scientific and engineering purposes.

The public, legal, and scientific concerns about PCBs arose from research indicating they are likely carcinogens having the potential to adversely impact the environment and, therefore, undesirable as commercial products.

It is not unusual that no written record of their expedition survives ; voyages of discovery in those days were often national or commercial secrets, and unless a journal survived, they are completely unknown today.

* While discussing the details of a military expedition against the Almoravids for the following year, the representative of the Republic of Genoa and the count of Barcelona reach a commercial agreement granting privileges to merchants of both nation in the Catalan and Ligurian ports.

* August – Oliver Cromwell launches the ' Western Design ', an English expedition to the Caribbean to counter Spanish commercial interests, effectively beginning the Anglo-Spanish War ( which will last until after the English Restoration in 1660 ).

Unlike Pike's expedition, which was commissioned by the United States Army, the Smith party was a private commercial venture.

In 1693 the Dutch launched an expedition against their French commercial rivals at Pondicherry on the south-eastern coast of India, overwhelming the small French garrison under François Martin who surrendered on 6 September.

The Trangia stove is a popular commercial alcohol stove, which is available in many different models, from a single bare burner to an integrated expedition cooking system.

Jefferson also instructed the expedition to study the region's native tribes ( including their morals, language, and culture ), weather, soil, rivers, commercial trading, animal and plant life.

The purpose of the expedition was to seek retribution for the assaulted sailors and to open up a commercial treaty with the King of Korea.

The expedition would also have the aim of promoting the economic and commercial interests of France in the regions to be visited.

Queen Hatshepsut concentrated on expanding Egypt's external trade by sending a commercial expedition to the land of Punt.

This expedition also proved successful in its primary goal by discovering copper in the Coppermine River basin ; however, an intensive search of the area yielded only one four-pound lump of copper and commercial mining was not considered viable.

These plans were not realised ; it was a revival of interest in commercial whaling in the early 1890s that gave Borchgrevink the opportunity, in 1894, to sign up for a Norwegian expedition to Antarctica.

After failing to interest Melbourne's learned societies in a cost-sharing venture of a commercial – scientific nature, he returned to Norway to organise his expedition there.

The Chilean Congress sent Mariano Egaña as plenipotentiary to negotiate a treaty based on several points: the payments of the outstanding international debts owed by Peru to Chile, the limitation of the outstanding armies, commercial agreements, indemnization to Chile for the Freire expedition, and the dissolution of the Confederation.

As a result of the expedition, Paraguay extended an apology to the United States, indemnified the family of the slain Water Witch crewman, and granted the United States a new and highly advantageous commercial treaty.

The political and commercial importance of New Orleans, as well as its strategic position, marked it out as the objective of a Union expedition soon after the opening of the Civil War.

Although the expedition had not been a commercial success, he brought with him a collection of plants previously unknown to botany.

Also in 1866, following the expedition, Gsell established himself as a commercial photographer in Saigon, becoming the first professional photographer to do so in that city.

On 16 December 1873, he died of cholera at Aceh Bay in Sumatra en route for Batavia ( modern day Jakarta ), where he was slated to take command of a commercial expedition.