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IBM had two model categories: one ( 701, 704, 709, 7090, 7040 ) for engineering and scientific use, and one ( 702, 705, 7080, 7070, 7010 ) for commercial or data processing use.
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In 2003, the SCO Group alleged that ( among other infractions ) IBM had misappropriated licensed source code from UNIX System V Release 4 for incorporation into AIX ; SCO subsequently withdrew IBM's license to develop and distribute AIX.
The original AIX ( sometimes called AIX / RT ) was developed for the IBM 6150 RT workstation by IBM in conjunction with Interactive Systems Corporation, who had previously ported UNIX System III to the IBM PC for IBM as PC / IX.
DS had the distinction of being built on top of SNA, and thereby being fully compatible with DS on the IBM midrange AS / 400 and mainframe systems.
In the meantime IBM had released its original IBM PC, which incidentally looked remarkably like the Asters base with floppy drives + separate keyboard set-up.
The IBM 650, a decimal machine, had one 10 digit accumulator ; the IBM 7070, a later, transistorized decimal machine had three accumulators.
For a time, memory capacities were often expressed in K, even when M could have been used: The IBM System / 370 Model 158 brochure ( 1972 ) had the following: " Real storage capacity is available in 512K increments ranging from 512K to 2, 048K bytes.
The first commercially sold disk drive, the IBM 350, had 50 ( not 32 or 64 ) physical disk " platters " containing a total of 50, 000 sectors of 100 characters each, for a total quoted capacity of " 5 million characters.
As well, the IBM Selectric typewriter had several of them.
The original System / 360 models of IBM mainframe had read-only control store, but later System / 360, System / 370 and successor models loaded part or all of their microprograms from floppy disks or other DASD into a writable control store consisting of ultra-high speed random-access read-write memory.
" The IBM COMTRAN language invented by Bob Bemer was also drawn upon, but the FACT language specification from Honeywell was not distributed to committee members until late in the process and had relatively little impact.
By the late 1980s, the personal computer market had become dominated by the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh platforms.
By this point, both the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh had a much larger market share than the Amiga platform.
In 1984 IBM introduced the Enhanced Graphics Adapter which was capable of producing 16 colors and had a resolution of 640 by 350.
An IBM-made 386 machine eventually reached the market seven months later, but by that time Compaq was the 386 supplier of choice and IBM had lost its image of technical leadership.
By the mid-1990s, Compaq's price war had enabled it to overtake IBM and Apple, while other IBM PC Compatible manufacturers such as Packard Bell and AST were driven from the market.
The S-boxes of DES were much more resistant to the attack than if they had been chosen at random, strongly suggesting that IBM knew about the technique in the 1970s.
IBM also had their own DBMS system in 1968, known as IMS.
IBM and two
* Attached Support Processor, one of the two early IBM System / 360 programs that replaces the native SPOOL facilities of OS / 360 ; the other was Houston Automatic Spooling Priority ( HASP ).
The first model looked like the later IBM PC ( which came on the market years later ), a rectangular base unit with two floppy drives on the front, and a monitor on top with a separate detachable keyboard.
TWA canceled the project in 1970, acquiring one IBM System / 360 Model 75, two IBM System / 360 model 65s, and IBM's PARS software for its reservations system.
Most systems were purchased with two peripherals, the Type 30 vector graphics display, and a Soroban Engineering modified IBM Model B Electric typewriter that was used as a printer.
Although his career in computing spanned more than two decades, he is mainly remembered in connection with IBM's unsuccessful attempt in 1980 to license CP / M for the IBM PC.
The first IBM drive, the 350 RAMAC, was approximately the size of two refrigerators and stored 5 million 6-bit characters ( the equivalent of 3. 75 million 8-bit bytes ) on a stack of 50 discs.
In 1961 IBM introduced the model 1311 disk drive, which was about the size of a washing machine and stored two million characters on a removable disk " pack.
While the SSDD drives initially were the only floppy drives available for the model 5150 PC, IBM later switched to DSDD drives, and the majority of 5150 PCs sold eventually shipped with one or two DSDD drives.
In 1993, two years after spawning Lexmark, IBM transferred its keyboard operations to the daughter company.
IBM mainframes used an EBCDIC character set and CP / M and DEC machines used ASCII, so conversion between the two character sets was one of the early functions built into Kermit.
This reliance on the specific hardware of the IBM PC led to 1-2-3 being utilized as one of the two litmus test applications for true 100 % compatibility when PC clones started to appear in the early-to mid-80s.
Modern mainframes, notably the IBM zSeries, System z9 and System z10 servers, offer two levels of virtualization: logical partitions ( LPARs, via the PR / SM facility ) and virtual machines ( via the z / VM operating system ).
In 2002, Hitachi co-developed the zSeries z800 with IBM to share expenses, but subsequently the two companies have not collaborated on new Hitachi models.
Like Wang systems, MultiMate controlled most editing operations with function keys, assigning four functions to each of the 10 function keys, which IBM initially located at the left side of the keyboard in two vertical rows.
Contrasting with at-the-time normal industry practice, IBM created an entire series of computers ( or CPUs ) from small to large, low to high performance, all using the same instruction set ( with two exceptions for specific markets ).
The simplest loosely coupled system would be two IBM mainframes sharing one DASD ( Direct Access Storage Device ).
degree in Mathematics from Stanford University was at IBM, where he worked for less than two years as a systems engineer supporting QUIKTRAN.
In 2001 IBM developed and publicly displayed two prototypes for a wristwatch computer running Linux.
However, modern IBM mainframes also offer two additional levels of virtualization: LPARs and ( optionally ) z / VM.
The AS / 400 added source compatibility with the System / 36 combining the two primary computers manufactured by the IBM Rochester plant.
( The IBM PC used 14. 318182 MHz, divided by three, as its 4. 77 MHz clock source, using one crystal for two purposes.
In 1977one engineer with two assistants in the IBM Research Triangle Park, NC laboratory was assigned to improve the quality.
Terminal transmission control protocols such as IBM 3270 Poll / Select, or Burroughs TD830 Contention Mode protocol use the EOT character to terminate a communications sequence between two cooperating stations ( such as a host multiplexer or Input / Output terminal ).
IBM and model
IBM contributed its Common User Access model from OS / 2's Workplace Shell.
Active development of the model by the US Department of Defense Software Engineering Institute ( SEI ) began in 1986 when Humphrey joined the Software Engineering Institute located at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania after retiring from IBM.
This model has been supported primarily by the IBM IMS DBMS, one of the earliest DBMSs.
IBM itself did one test implementation of the relational model, PRTV, and a production one, Business System 12, both now discontinued.
This model is recognized as the first database model created by IBM in the 1960s.
It is IBM model number 5150, and was introduced on August 12, 1981.
The 5150's successor, the model 5160 IBM XT, never shipped with SSDD drives ; it generally had one double-sided 360 kB drive ( next to its internal hard disk ).
While it was technically possible to retrofit more advanced floppy drives such as the high-density drive ( released in 1984 ) into the original IBM PC, this was not an option offered by IBM for the 5150 model, and the move to high-density 5. 25-inch floppies in particular was notoriously fraught with disk compatibility problems.
The first IBM PC model with an internal non-removable hard disk was IBM's model 5160, the XT.
IBM 3277 Display Terminal model 2, the " original " 3270 ( 1972 )
* The hypothesis that beta amyloid protein is key to IBM has been supported in a mouse model using an Aβ vaccine that was found to be effective against inclusion body myositis in mouse models.
The IBM 1410 emulation for this model was loaded this way.
) This was chosen because the 11 / 780 was roughly equivalent in performance to an IBM System / 370 model 158-3, which was commonly accepted in the computing industry as running at 1 MIPS.
The smaller models ( up to the model 50 ) had integrated channels, while for the larger models ( model 65 and above ) the channels were large separate units in separate cabinets, such as the IBM 2860 and 2870.
His role model is Tom Watson, then IBM chairman, who said in 1958: ' I think there is a world market for about five computers.
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