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Page "Multiprotocol Label Switching" ¶ 15
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8-bit and TTL
Under the Internet Protocol, TTL is an 8-bit field.
Its original design called for a single-chip 8-bit microprocessor for the CPU, rather than a conventional processor built from discrete TTL modules.
* CPU: 8-bit, made from standard TTL components.

8-bit and time
This is done by adding eight extra 8-bit buses which allow the graphics controller to issue new AGP requests and commands at the same time with other AGP data flowing via the main 32 address / data ( AD ) lines.
This microprocessor was the first low-power CMOS processor chip, quite on a par with the 8-bit 6502 that was being built into the Apple II desktop computer at that time.
This meant that in spite of its modest 8-bit CPU the system compared well against the 16-bit machines in the market at the time.
Many 1980s 8-bit home computers feature gutterboxing display mode, because the TV screens normally used as monitors at that time tended to distort the image near the border of the screen, to such an extent that text displayed in that area became illegible.
8-bit S-IPS panels can display 16 million colors and have significantly better black level, but are expensive and have slower response time.
Cost has plummeted over time, with the cheapest 8-bit microcontrollers being available for under $ 0. 25 in quantity ( thousands ) in 2009, and some 32-bit microcontrollers around $ 1 for similar quantities.
The Z80 and its derivatives and clones make up one of the most commonly used CPU families of all time, and, along with the MOS Technology 6502 family, dominated the 8-bit microcomputer market from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s.
In 1972, for the first time is marketed a solid state computer designed with a microprocessor ( the Intel 8008 8-bit microprocessor ).
After 1987, IBM PC compatibles dominated both the home and business markets of commodity computers, with other notable alternative architectures being used in niche markets, like the Macintosh computers offered by Apple Inc. and used mainly for desktop publishing at the time, the aging 8-bit Commodore 64 which was selling for $ 150 by this time and became the world's best-selling computer, the 16-bit Commodore Amiga line used for television and video production and the 16-bit Atari ST used by the music industry.
The 8-bit preambles are transmitted in time allocated to the first four time slots of each subframe ( time slots 0 to 3 ).
It was not finished in time to be fitted to the Acorn Archimedes range of computers, which shipped in 1987 with the Arthur operating system, derived from the earlier MOS operating system from Acorn's earlier 8-bit BBC Micro range.
Apple's portion of the computer industry at this time was transitioning from the 8-bit 6502 CPU technology that started it, to the newer 16 / 32 bit Motorola 68000 used by computers such as the Commodore Amiga and Atari ST and the Apple Macintosh.
Most 8-bit Apple II machine language programs did not concern themselves with code relocation since the Apple II usually did not run multiple programs at the same time like modern computers.
Initially, Color QuickDraw was only capable of operating with 1, 2, 4 and 8-bit video cards, which were all that was available at the time.
Programming Language for Business or PL / B is a business-oriented programming language originally called DATABUS and designed by Datapoint in the early 1970s as an alternative to COBOL because Datapoint's 8-bit computers could not fit COBOL into their limited memory, and because COBOL did not at the time have facilities to deal with Datapoint's built-in keyboard and screen.
Each input has 8-bit timer, counting time when each TV line is being displayed.
Prior to that time most systems only supported the original 8-bit addresses.
Atari originally licensed Microsoft BASIC for use in their 8-bit computers, but were unable to fit it in an 8KB ROM cartridge, the largest at the time.
On displaying that 8-bit image data, HP's color recovery technology produces in real time an approximation of the original 24-bit image based on the hints provided by the dithered data.
It reads like a hybrid of 8-bit microcomputer BASIC and Pascal, and after working with it for some time developers will be frustrated by its lack of consistency and having many of the limitations of said 8-bit BASIC interpreters.

8-bit and field
* Unnumbered format PDUs, or U-format PDUs, with an 8-bit control field, which are intended for connectionless applications ;
CDC used the term " byte " to refer to 12-bit entities used by peripheral processors ; characters were 6-bit, and central processor instructions were either 15 bits, or 30 bits with a signed 18-bit address field, the latter allowing for a directly addressable memory space of 128K words of central memory ( converted to modern terms, with 8-bit bytes, this is 0. 94 MB ).
The trailer packet does only contain its packet id with no parameters where 255 equals the state of all bits set in the 8-bit packet id field ( 11111111 ).
The AAL5 trailer contains a 16-bit length field, a 32-bit cyclic redundancy check ( CRC ) and two 8-bit fields labeled UU and CPI that are currently unused.
The final field of each Asynchronous Transfer Mode cell is reserved, not for data content, but for an 8-bit cyclic redundancy check of the cell's header.

8-bit and .
In the < tt > SubBytes </ tt > step, each byte in the state matrix is replaced with a < tt > SubByte </ tt > using an 8-bit substitution box, the Rijndael S-box.
The Amiga provided a significant upgrade from 8-bit computers, such as the Commodore 64, and the platform quickly grew in popularity among computer enthusiasts.
The sound chip, named Paula, supports four sound channels ( two for the left speaker and two for the right ) with 8-bit resolution for each channel and a 6-bit volume control per channel.
The Amstrad CPC ( short for Colour Personal Computer ) is a series of 8-bit home computers produced by Amstrad between 1984 and 1990.
Originally it was headerless, being simply 8-bit µ-law-encoded data at an 8000 Hz sample rate.
Much of the technology in the Atari 8-bit family of home computer systems were originally developed as a second-generation games console intended to replace the 2600.
Powering the system was an Atari SALLY 6502 ( Atari's slightly custom 6502, sometimes described as a " 6502C ") processor running at 1. 79 MHz, similar to the processor found in home computers ( Atari 8-bit, Apple II, Commodore 64 ) and other consoles ( Atari 5200 and Nintendo Entertainment System ).
A keyboard was developed, and the keyboard had an expansion port ( which was the SIO port from Atari's 8-bit computer line, though the 7800 could not run Atari computer programs ) allowed for the addition of peripherals such as disk drives and printers.
On January 1, 1992, Atari Corp. formally announced that production of the Atari 7800, the Atari 2600, the Atari 8-bit computer line, and the Atari XE Game System would cease.
It excelled at moving around large numbers of sprites on a static screen without the screen flickering that plagued other 8-bit systems.
The most substantial difference, however, is a graphics architecture which differs markedly from either the Atari 2600 VCS or Atari ’ s 8-bit line of computers.
The Arcadia 2001 is a second-generation 8-bit console released by Emerson Radio Corp.
Early 4-bit and 8-bit microprocessors such as the 4004, 8008 and numerous others, typically had single accumulators.
The 8051 microcontroller has two, a primary accumulator and a secondary accumulator, where the second is used by instructions only when multiplying ( MUL AB ) or dividing ( DIV AB ); the former splits the 16-bit result between the two 8-bit accumulators, whereas the latter stores the quotient on the primary accumulator A and the remainder in the secondary accumulator B.
The popularity of major commercial computing architectures have aided in the ubiquitous acceptance of the 8-bit size.
During the early 1960s, while also active in ASCII standardization, IBM simultaneously introduced in its product line of System / 360 the 8-bit Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ( EBCDIC ), an expansion of their 6-bit binary-coded decimal ( BCDIC ) representation used in earlier card punches.
The prominence of the System / 360 led to the ubiquitous adoption of the 8-bit storage size, while in detail the EBCDIC and ASCII encoding schemes are different.
These used the 8-bit µ-law encoding.
This large investment promised to reduce transmission costs for 8-bit data.
The use of 8-bit codes for digital telephony also caused 8-bit data octets to be adopted as the basic data unit of the early Internet.
The development of 8-bit microprocessors in the 1970s popularized this storage size.
The S-boxes accept 8-bit input and produce 32-bit output.

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