" Brooks responded " The most important single decision I ever made was to change the IBM 360 series from a 6-bit byte to an 8-bit byte, thereby enabling the use of lowercase letters.

The Intel 8088, released in 1979, was a slightly modified chip with an external 8-bit data bus ( allowing the use of cheaper and fewer supporting logic chips ), and is notable as the processor used in the original IBM PC.

The Intel 80C88. The 8088 was targeted at economical systems by allowing the use of an 8-bit data path and 8-bit support and peripheral chips ; complex circuit boards were still fairly cumbersome and expensive when it was released.

The IBM System / 360 has a 32-bit architecture with 16 general-purpose registers, but most of the System / 360 implementations actually use hardware that implemented a much simpler underlying microarchitecture ; for example, the System / 360 Model 30 had 8-bit data paths to the arithmetic logic unit ( ALU ) and main memory and implemented the general-purpose registers in a special unit of higher-speed core memory, and the System / 360 Model 40 had 8-bit data paths to the ALU and 16-bit data paths to main memory and also implemented the general-purpose registers in a special unit of higher-speed core memory.

Among the significant enhancements introduced in the 6809 were the use of two 8-bit accumulators ( A and B, which could be combined into a single 16-bit register, D ), two 16-bit index registers ( X, Y ) and two 16-bit stack pointers.

An 8-bit data bus version of the 68000 ( i. e., the 68008 ) was intended for use in future 8-bit designs.

Current typical display adapters use up to 24-bits of information for each pixel: 8-bit per component multiplied by three components ( see the Digital representations section below ).

However, one of the main concepts of the MMX instruction set is the concept of packed data types, which means instead of using the whole register for a single 64-bit integer ( quadword ), one may use it to contain two 32-bit integers ( doubleword ), four 16-bit integers ( word ) or eight 8-bit integers ( byte ).

Since the TL series are XT-class machines, it is impossible to install or use extended memory ( XMS ), although expanded memory ( EMS ) can be used in conjunction with an 8-bit LIM EMS memory card for software that supports expanded memory.

Eight-bit CPUs use an 8-bit data bus and can therefore access 8 bits of data in a single machine instruction.

SSE2 enables the programmer to perform SIMD math on any data type ( from 8-bit integer to 64-bit float ) entirely with the XMM vector-register file, without the need to use the legacy MMX or FPU registers.

On computers and data links using 8-bit bytes this left the top bit of each Byte free for use as a parity, flag bit, or meta data control bit.

They specifically mention the use of ASCII character set " transmitted as a 8-bit byte with the high-order bit cleared to zero " and some of these

As a result, most data transmission and computers shifted to 8-bit character sizes to use the lowest cost data transmission system.

More recently, high color has been used by Microsoft to distinguish display systems that can make use of more than 8-bits per color channel ( 10: 10: 10: 2 or 16: 16: 16: 16 rendering formats ) from traditional 8-bit per color channel formats.

The popular Cirrus Logic graphics chips of the early 1990s made use of the spare high-order bit for their so-called " mixed " video modes: with bit 15 clear, bits 0 through 14 would be treated as an RGB value as described above, while with bit 15 set, bit 0 through 7 would be interpreted as an 8-bit index into a 256-color palette ( with bits 8 through 14 remaining unused.

Given this inherent distortion, it is not unusual for a television or video projector to truthfully claim a linear contrast ratio ( difference between darkest and brightest output levels ) of 1000: 1 or greater, equivalent to 10 bits of audio precision even though it may only accept signals with 8-bit precision and use an LCD panel that only represents 6 or 7 bits per channel.

Note that the use of " AVR " in this article generally refers to the 8-bit RISC line of Atmel AVR Microcontrollers.

EGA cards use the PC ISA bus and were available starting in 8-bit versions.

The text mode of standard ( VGA-compatible ) PC graphics hardware is built around using an 8-bit code page, though it is possible to use two at once with some color depth sacrifice, and up to 8 may be stored in the display adaptor for easy switching.

ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text.

Additional codes may be in use locally in some areas:

For example, for about a 15 % premium in building costs, the Passivhaus building codes in Europe use high performance insulating windows, R-30 insulation, HRV ventilation, and a small thermal mass.

These sets were expanded in 1963 to 7 bits of coding, called the American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII ) as the Federal Information Processing Standard which replaced the incompatible teleprinter codes in use by different branches of the U. S. government.

This simple assembler program was then rewritten in its just-defined assembly language but with extensions that would enable the use of some additional mnemonics for more complex operation codes.

Some codes beginning with VE and VF are also in use to identify radio repeater transmitters.

The earliest examples of color codes in use are for long distance communication by use of flags, as in semaphore communication.

The use of color codes has been extended to abstractions, such as the Homeland Security Advisory System color code in the United States.

But telegraph operators were already using typewriters with QWERTY keyboards to " copy " received messages, and at the time it made more sense to build a typewriter that could generate the codes automatically, rather than making them learn to use a new input device.

For example, sales data might be aggregated to weekly totals and converted from internal product codes to use UPCs so that it can be compared with ACNielsen data.

Public payphones that accept credit cards use these additional codes to send the information from the magnetic strip.

Until then, previously issued FIPS place codes, renamed " Census Code ," will continue to be used, with the Census bureau assigning new codes as needed for their internal use during the transition.

Custom status codes can be used since, if the user agent encounters a code it does not recognize, it can use the first digit of the code to determine the general class of the response.

The United States Navy, United States Coast Guard, and United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration use hull classification symbols ( sometimes called hull codes or hull numbers ) to identify their ship types and each individual ship within each type.

The area codes currently in use are: + 44 1624 ( landlines ) and + 44 7524 / + 44 7624 / + 44 7924 ( mobiles ).

Due to the regular encoding of the MOV-instruction ( using a quarter of available opcode space ) there were redundant codes to copy a register into itself ( MOV B, B, for instance ), which was of little use, except for delays.

In many countries the ISO codes for the more common currencies are so well known publicly that exchange rates published in newspapers or posted in banks use only these to delineate the different currencies, instead of translated currency names or ambiguous currency symbols.

ISO 3166 never assigns country codes beginning with " X ", these codes being assigned for privately customized use only ( reserved, never for official codes )— for instance, the ISO 3166-based NATO country codes ( STANAG 1059, 9th edition ) use " X " codes for imaginary exercise countries ranging from XXB for " Brownland " to XXR for " Redland ", as well as for major commands such as XXE for SHAPE or XXS for SACLANT.

He could use your clothes for a costume and a heavy veil for a mask.

As she was rather tired this evening, her simple `` Thank you for the use of your bath '' -- when she sat down opposite him -- spoken in a low voice, came across with coolnesses of intelligence and control.

he had no use any longer for exact time, even had the watch been running.

This is the rhetoric of righteousness the beatniks use in defending their way of life, their search for wholeness, though their actual existence fails to reach these `` religious '' heights.

After casting about for a way of describing this spirit, we decided that it would be better to use Mr. Lyford's introduction as an illustration.

Billy Koch, who had once worked for Wright as a chauffeur, gave a deposition for Miriam's use that he had seen Olgivanna living at Taliesin.

Steele apparently professed his sentiments in this book too openly and honestly for his own good, since the government was soon to use it as evidence against him in his trial before the House.

I use this term to mean three things: a search for the human significance of an event or state of affairs, a tendency to look at wholes rather than parts, and a tendency to respond to these events and wholes with feeling.

Of course, if you don't make the American a success, Hearst will have no further use for you ''.

To Serenissimus such tribes as the Cossacks of the Don or those ex-bandits the Zaporogian Cossacks ( in whose islands along the lower Dnieper the Polish novelist Sienkiewicz would one day place With Fire And Sword ) were just elements for enforced resettlement in, say, Bessarabia, where, as `` the faithful of the Black Sea borders '', he could use their presence as bargaining points in the Czarina's territorial claims against Turkey.

for if this can be proved we shall surely be the gainers -- I mean, if there is a use in poetry as well as a delight ''.

It is even true that some among them use the sheer fact of conformity -- `` everyone does it '' -- as a criterion for conduct.

A credulousness, a distaste for documentation, an uncritical reliance on contemporary accounts, and a proneness to assume a theory as true before adequate proof was provided were all evidences of his failure to comprehend the use of the scientific method or to evaluate the responsibilities of the historian to his reading public.

It may be thought unfortunate that he was called on entirely by accident to perform, if again we may trust the opening of the oratio, for it marks the beginning for us of his use of his peculiar form of witty word play that even in this Latin banter has in it the unmistakable element of viciousness and an almost sadistic delight in verbally tormenting an adversary.

A nuclear pacifier of these dimensions -- roughly some six and a half times bigger than anything the United States has triggered experimentally -- would certainly produce a bigger bang, and, just for kicks, Khrushchev might use it to propel the seminar of the house of delegates from St. Louis to the moon, where there wouldn't even be any beer to drink.

The only real problem is to devise a plan whereby the owners of the above-water land can develop their property without the public losing its underwater land and the right to its development for public use and enjoyment.

And then there is St. Louis county, where the Democratic leadership has shown little appreciation of the need for sound zoning, of the important relationship between proper land use and economic growth.

This immature use of crayons may suggest that she is a little immature for the first grade.

One effect of the spirited give-and-take of these discussions was to focus attention on practical applications and the necessity of being armed with the facts: knowledge of the destructive force of even the tiniest `` tactical '' atomic weapon would have a bearing on judgments as to the advisability of its use -- to defend Berlin, for example ; ;

The Minutemen were instructed in the use of terrain for concealment.

There would be great need soon for his skill as surgeon, but somehow he had not planned to use his knowledge merely for war.