The English chronicler Matthew Paris in his Chronica Majora described Alexander as red-haired:

Bede follows Gildas ' account of Ambrosius in his Ecclesiastical History of the English People, but in his Chronica Majora he dates Ambrosius ' victory to the reign of the Emperor Zeno ( 474 – 491 ).

Drawn from life by the historian Matthew Paris for his Chronica Majora, it can be seen in his bestiary at Parker Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, with an accompanying text revealing that at the time, Europeans believed that elephants did not have knees and so were unable to get up if they fell over.

* 1257 – Matthew Paris, English historian, personally interviews King Henry III of England for a week straight while compiling his major work of English history, Chronica Majora.

* Matthew Paris, English historian, personally interviews King Henry III of England for an entire week while compiling his major work of English history, Chronica Majora.

His Chronica Majora is an oft-cited source, though modern historians recognize that Paris was not always reliable.

This Chronica Majora is an important historical source document, especially for the period between 1235 and 1259.

* Chronica Majora Corpus Christi College, Cambridge Ms 26, 16, 362 x 244 / 248 mm.

* Historia Anglorum 1250-9 British Library MS Royal 14. C. VII, 358 x 250 mm, ff 232, also the last volume of the Chronica Majora, and various other items, including maps of the Holy Land and the British Isles, an itinerary from London to Apulia, a full-page Virgin and Child with Matthew Paris kneeling before them ( illustration above, his most monumental work ), and a genealogy of the Kings of England with seated portraits.

Haakon's shield from his 1247 coronation, according to Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora.

Roger's work is known to us through one 13th century manuscript in the Bodleian Library ( Douce manuscript 207 ), a mutilated 14th century copy in the British Library ( Cotton manuscript Otho B. v .), and the edition prepared by Matthew Paris which forms the first part of that writer's Chronica Majora ( ed.

i, ii, iii and vii of the Chronica Majora

Drawn from life by the historian Matthew Paris for his Chronica Majora, it was the first elephant to be seen in England since Claudius ' war elephant.

The post-Conquest historians Henry of Huntingdon's Historia Anglorum, Roger of Wendover's Flores Historiarum and Matthew Paris's Chronica Majora substitute his father's name for Eorcenwine ( Erkenwine, Erchenwine ).

A double-headed eagle is attributed to Frederick II in the Chronica Majora ( ca.

File: Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor. jpg | First depiction of the Reichsadler as double-headed ( coat of arms of emperor Otto IV from the Chronica Majora, ca.

* Chronica Majora, Matthew Paris ; Vol i. pp. 440, 422.

* Chronica Majora, Matthew Paris ; Vol iii.

* Chronica Majora, Matthew Paris ; Vol iv.

* Chronica Majora, Matthew Paris ; Vol v. pp. 101, 129, 179, 223, 238 – 9, 268 – 9, 355, 450, 505, 507, 690, 719.

* The chronicles of Matthew Paris ( Matthew Paris: Chronica Majora ) translated by Helen Nicholson 1989

1250 heraldic shields in Matthew Paris ' Chronica Majora, while the ca.

In the 13th-century versions of the diagram, the caption " FILIUS " is placed in the bottom node, and often a cross is drawn in the link between the center node and the bottom node, in order to symbolize the idea that the Second Person of the Trinity entered into the world ( or that " The Word was made flesh ", as is stated in a Latin annotation on the diagram included in Matthew Paris ' Chronica Majora which quotes from the Vulgate of John verse 1: 14 ).

* The diagrams in Matthew Paris ' Chronica Majora and the De Quincy Apocalypse ( Lambeth palace ms. 209, folio 53r ) are not online, but are shown in the Michael Evans journal article ( also, a full-page color reproduction of the Lambeth Apocalypse illustration is on page 48 of the Rodney Dennys book ).

The chief work of Severus is the Chronicle ( Chronica, Chronicorum Libri duo or Historia sacra, c. 403 ), a summary of sacred history from the beginning of the world to his own times, with the omission of the events recorded in the Gospels and the Acts, " lest the form of his brief work should detract from the honour due to those events ".

At Bishop Gerold's instigation Helmold wrote his Chronica Slavorum, a history of the conquest and conversion of the Polabian Slavs from the time of Charlemagne ( about 800 ) to 1171.

Yet, even as late as in the 1470s, the crusade legend was ignored in the Chronica regni Gothorum, a chronicle of the history of Sweden, written by Ericus Olai, the Canon of the Uppsala cathedral.

The first of these is his Chronica sive Historia de duabus civitatibus ( Chronicle or history of the two cities ), a historical and philosophical work in eight books, which follows to some extent the lines laid down by Augustine and Orosius.

Yet Villani still relied upon the Chronica de origine civitatis as the prime source for Florence's early history in his narrative.

To emphasize the imperial greatness of Florentine history, Villani also asserted that the city was given a second founding when it was rebuilt by Charlemagne ( r. 800 – 814 as Holy Roman Emperor )— which was absent from the Chronica de origine civitatis.

Doge Andrea Dandolo wrote a history of Venice ( called Chronica extensa ) around 1350.

* Petr Žitavský ( 1270 – 1339 ), abbot of the Zbraslav cloister, politician and author of the Zbraslav Chronica, history of Bohemia in 13th and early 14th century.

On his return, about the year 1192 he began to compile his Chronica, a general history of England from 732 to his own time.

* A Forgotten Empire ( Vijayanagar ): a contribution to the history of India ( Translation of the Chronica dos reis de Bisnaga written by Domingos Paes and Fernão Nunes about 1520 and 1535, respectively, with a historical introduction by Robert Sewell )

Kadłubek's best-known work, Chronica seu originale regum et principum Poloniae ( Chronicles of the Kings and Princes of Poland ), is a history of Poland in four volumes.

Russow is most famous for his Low German language chronicle Chronica der Provinz Lyfflandt describing the history of Livonia, especially the decline of the Livonian Order and the period of the Livonian War ( 1558 — 1583 ).

Chronica Hungarorum ( Chronicle of the Hungarians ) is the title of several works treating the early Hungarian history.

But under orders of Spanish judge Baltasar Garzón, he was arrested there, attracting worldwide attention, not only because of the history of Chile and South America, but also because this was one of the first arrests of a former president based on the universal jurisdiction principle.

" With more than 2, 000 dead, the 44-day Costa Rican Civil War resulting from this uprising was the bloodiest event in twentieth-century Costa Rican history ", but the victorious junta drafted a constitution guaranteeing free elections with universal suffrage and the abolition of the military.

Emperor Yingzong of Song ordered Sima Guang and other scholars to begin compiling this universal history of China in 1065 and they presented it to his successor Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1084.

The Marxist view of history is that history is governed by universal laws and that according to these laws, a society moves through a series of stages with the transition between stages being driven by class struggle.

According to Mircea Eliade, the medieval " Gioacchinian myth [...] of universal renovation in a more or less imminent future " has influenced a number of modern theories of history, such as those of Lessing ( who explicitly compares his views to those of medieval " enthusiasts "), Fichte, Hegel, and Schelling, and has also influenced a number of Russian writers.

A chronicle which traces world history is called a universal chronicle.

The establishment of universal male suffrage in France in 1848 was an important milestone in the history of democracy.

Also notable are works of universal history ( or sociology ) from Asharites, al-Tabri, al-Masudi, Tabari's History of the Prophets and Kings, Ibn Rustah, al-Athir, and Ibn Khaldun, whose Muqadimmah contains cautions regarding trust in written records that remain wholly applicable today.

The first part, the Chronography ( ( Chronographia )), gives an epitome of universal history from the sources, arranged according to nations.

The history of cinema in Poland is almost as long as history of cinematography, and it has universal achievements, even though Polish movies tend to be less commercially available than movies from several other European nations.

Understanding the past appears to be a universal human need, and the telling of history has emerged independently in civilisations around the world.

But having abandoned abstract philosophical speculation in his youth, Marx himself showed great reluctance during the rest of his life about offering any generalities or universal truths about human existence or human history.

Sima Qian ( 145-86 BC ), a Prefect of the Grand Scribes ( 太史令 ) of the Han Dynasty ( 202 BC-220 AD ), is regarded as the father of Chinese historiography because of his universal history, the Records of the Grand Historian ( 史記 ).

Proposing a solution to the theological problem of reconciling the doctrine with that of universal redemption in Christ, he argued that Mary's immaculate conception did not remove her from redemption by Christ ; rather it was the result of a more perfect redemption granted her because of her special role in salvation history.

Hence, the uniqueness and universality of Christ the Savior are ‘ constitutive .’ As the son of God incarnate, Jesus is the center of history and the key to the entire procession of salvation, and his resurrection confers universal significance on his human existence.

By " ideology ", Marx and Engels meant ideas that reflect the interests of a particular class at a particular time in history, but which contemporaries see as universal and eternal.

The President of the United States Lyndon B. Johnson said: " His influence was universal and his works are invested with a permanent quality possessed by those of very few artists in our history ".

The Liber Memorialis is an ancient book in Latin featuring an extremely concise summary — a kind of index — of universal history from earliest times to the reign of Trajan.

Child labour was not seen as a problem throughout most of history, only becoming a disputed issue with the beginning of universal schooling and the concepts of labourers ' and children's rights.

Most eschatologies believe in a universal resurrection, wherein all people from all history are resurrected.

** Ibn Khaldun ( 1332 – 1406 ) – in his Muqaddimah ( later translated as Prolegomena in Latin ), the introduction to a seven volume analysis of universal history, was the first to advance social philosophy and social science in formulating theories of social cohesion and social conflict.

* The Big Test-a history of the twentieth century development in the United States of universal access to colleges.