Moreover, he printed the genuine and interpolated parts of the collection by simply reprinting older versions of Pseudo-Isidore's genuine sources, thus making this part of his edition unusable for critical purposes ; for these parts, historians must go back to J. Merlin's edition published in 1525 ( based on a single 13th-century manuscript ) and reprinted in Migne's Patrologia Latina, Volume 130.

A few authors of 20th-century books on Christian symbolism ( such as Edward N. West in Outward Signs: The Language of Christian Symbolism, 1989 ) have been of the opinion that the form of the diagram with one vertex down and the captions " PATER " and " FILIUS " in the two top nodes is more appropriate for Western Christianity with its Filioque, while the form of the diagram with one vertex up represents more closely the doctrine of the Trinity in Eastern Christianity ( without the Filioque ) — though this hyper-refined interpretation does not agree with 13th-century usage, nor with the use of versions of the diagram with one vertex up by modern Catholics and Protestants.

Two of the 13th-century manuscripts have the diagram on a green shield ( heraldic " vert "), which is also found in the coat of arms of Trinity Parish, Jersey shown below.

( Contains descriptions and photos of most known surviving 13th-century diagrams, including experimental attempts to use the basic structure of the diagram for other purposes )

; Left: A slightly schematized version of the forms of the diagram found in several 13th-century manuscripts, including a 1208-1216 manuscript of Peter of Poitiers ' Compendium Historiae in Genealogia Christi, the heraldic shields in Matthew Paris ' " Chronica Majora " ( 1250-1259 A. D .), and a 1247-1258 manuscript of the writings of John of Wallingford.

A most notable example of anachronism is the Service of St. Cyril from Skopje ( Скопски миней ), a 13th-century Middle Bulgarian manuscript from northern Macedonia according to which St. Cyril preached with " Bulgarian " books among the Moravian Slavs.

The earliest example we have of a recognisable ballad in form in England is ‘ Judas ’ in a 13th-century manuscript.

One of the first written references is from an anonymous 13th-century North Africa / Andalusian cookbook, Kitāb al-tabǐkh fǐ al-Maghrib ( North Africa ) wa ' l-Andalus ( Arabic ) " The cookbook of the Maghreb and Al-Andalus ", with a recipe for couscous that was ' known all over the world '.

It is not until the 13th-century French prose romances, including the Lancelot-Grail and the Post-Vulgate Cycle, that Camelot began to supersede Caerleon, and even then, many descriptive details applied to Camelot derive from Geoffrey's earlier grand depiction of the Welsh town.

The Compass ( drafting ) | compass in this 13th-century manuscript is a symbol of God's act of Creation myth | Creation.

Y Gododdin is known only from a 13th-century manuscript, so it is impossible to determine whether this passage is original or a later interpolation, but John Koch's view that the passage dates from a 7th-century or earlier version is regarded as unproven ; 9th-or 10th-century dates are often proposed for it.

There were rumours that Agnes and Heraclius were lovers, but this information comes from the partisan 13th-century continuations of William of Tyre's history, and there is no other evidence to substantiate such a claim.

This is close to one of the earliest descriptions we have, that of the late 13th-century theorist Johannes de Grocheio.

A somewhat corrupt version of the same story is preserved in the 13th-century Vitae duorum Offarum, where, however, the scene is transferred to England.

Among the masters of the form is Rumi, a 13th-century Persian poet who lived in Konya, in present-day Turkey.

However, it is uncontroversial that a Robin and Marion figured in 13th-century French " pastourelles " ( of which Jeu de Robin et Marion c. 1280 is a literary version ) and presided over the French May festivities, " this Robin and Marion tended to preside, in the intervals of the attempted seduction of the latter by a series of knights, over a variety of rustic pastimes.

The Land of Cockaigne ( also Cockaygne, Cokaygne ), was an imaginary land of idleness and luxury, famous in medieval story, and the subject of more than one poem, one of which, an early translation of a 13th-century French work, is given in Ellis's Specimens of Early English Poets.

Phrases such as " It is vain to do with more what can be done with fewer " and " A plurality is not to be posited without necessity " were commonplace in 13th-century scholastic writing.

Nearby is the 13th-century Gothic Meissen Cathedral ( Meißner Dom ), whose chapel is one of the most famous burial places of the Wettin family.

There were rumours that Agnes and Heraclius were lovers, but this information comes from the partisan 13th-century continuations of the Historia, and there is no other evidence to substantiate such a claim.

The 13th-century continuators claim that Heraclius excommunicated William in 1183, but it is unknown why Heraclius would have done this.

This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 10th-century Emperor Horikawa and go-( 後 ), translates literally as " later "; and thus, he is sometimes called the " Later Emperor Horikawa ".

This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 8th-century Emperor Saga and go-( 後 ), translates literally as " later "; and thus, he is sometimes called the " Later Emperor Saga ".

The alleged NLA bombing of the 13th-century Orthodox monastery Sveti Atanasij in the village of Lesok however no one has ever claimed responsibility for the attack and Albanian guerrilla officials have demised all responsibility and placed the blame on Macedonian special forces saying it was another poor attempt to link the NLA to Islamic extremism, like that of the Asian immigrant massacre and that these incidents were seriously putting the Ohrid agreement and the established peace treaty into jeopardy.

In the early 13th-century, King John of England was under pressure after a quarrel with Pope Innocent III led to England being placed under an interdict, by which all forms of worship and other religious practices were banned.

Scholars disagree about the various, too often contradictory, accounts of his life given in sources from his era of history, such as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Adam of Bremen's Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum, and the Heimskringla, a 13th-century work by Icelandic author Snorri Sturluson.

This 13th-century Court poetry, which deals mainly with love and personal insult ( often wrongly called satire ), by no means derives entirely from Provençal models and conventions ( as is often said ).

Because most of information about Heraclius comes from his rival William and the 13th-century Old French Continuation of his chronicle, sometimes attributed to Ernoul, Heraclius is often seen as a particularly corrupt and worldly choice for patriarch.

Note that in the 13th-century manuscripts, the cross is often drawn as a detailed artistic illumination of Christ on the cross, which is not attempted here.

Another hero of the Grail quest, Sir Galahad ( a 13th-century literary invention of monks from St. Bernard's Cistercian Order ) was depicted bearing a shield with the cross of Saint George, similar to the Templars ' insignia: this version presented the " Holy " Grail as a Christian relic.

The characteristics they shared with many Merovingian female saints may be mentioned: Regenulfa of Incourt, a 7th-century virgin in French-speaking Brabant of the ancestral line of the dukes of Brabant fled from a proposal of marriage to live isolated in the forest, where a curative spring sprang forth at her touch ; Ermelindis of Meldert, a 6th-century virgin related to Pepin I, inhabited several isolated villas ; Begga of Andenne, the mother of Pepin II, founded seven churches in Andenne during her widowhood ; the purely legendary " Oda of Amay " was drawn into the Carolingian line by spurious genealogy in her 13th-century vita, which made her the mother of Arnulf, Bishop of Metz, but she has been identified with the historical Saint Chrodoara ; finally, the widely-venerated Gertrude of Nivelles, sister of Begga in the Carolingian ancestry, was abbess of a nunnery established by her mother.

The current architectural plan of Stare Miasto – the 13th-century merchants ' town – was drawn up in 1257 after the destruction of the city during the Tatar invasions of 1241 followed by raids of 1259 and repelled in 1287.

The first known written record of the red panda occurs in a 13th-century Chinese scroll depicting a hunting scene between hunters and the red panda.

The Chapel of St John's College is entered by the north west-corner of First Court, and was constructed between 1866-9 in order to replace the smaller, mediaeval chapel which dated back to the 13th-century.

A 13th-century depiction of the Second Battle of Lincoln, which occurred at Lincoln Castle on 20 May 1217 during the First Barons ' War between the forces of the future Louis VIII of France and those of King Henry III of England.

Unlike many other 13th-century Welsh castles, Caerphilly Castle was not built by Edward I in his crack-down on the Welsh lords, but by Gilbert ' the Red ' de Clare, a powerful, red-headed nobleman of Norman descent, as a response to a dispute between him and the Prince of Gwynedd, Llywelyn the Last.

Books of the Marvels of the World ( French: Livres des merveilles du monde ) or Description of the World ( Divisament dou monde ), also nicknamed Il Milione (" The Million ") or Oriente Poliano and commonly called The Travels of Marco Polo, is a 13th-century travelogue written down by Rustichello da Pisa from stories told by Marco Polo, describing the travels of the latter through Asia, Persia, China, and Indonesia between 1271 and 1291.

Nobody seems to know what the connection might be between these dumplings and the saintly 13th-century friar.

Montague and Capulet were actual 13th-century political factions, but the only connection between them is a mention in Dante's Purgatorio as an example of civil dissension.

The 13th-century Moroccan biographer Ibn al-Zayyat al-Tadili and Qadi Ayyad before him in the 12th-century, note that Waggag's learning center was called Dar al-Murabitin ( The house of the Almoravids ), and that might have inspired Ibn Yasin's choice of name for the movement.

Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī (), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī (), and more popularly in the English-speaking world simply as Rumi ( 30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273 ), was a 13th-century after whose death in 1284 Rumi's younger and only surviving son, Sultan Walad ( died 1312 ), favorably known as author of the mystical Maṭnawī Rabābnāma, or the Book of the Rabab was installed as grand master of the order.

The Mawlaw ' īyya / Mevlevi Order, or the Mevlevilik / Mevleviye (-Molavīyeh ) is a Sufi order founded in Konya ( in present-day Turkey ) by the followers of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi, a 13th-century

Najmuddīn-e Kubrā () or Najm al-Din Kubra, ( Shaykh Abū al-Jannāb Ahmad ibn ‘ Umar ) was a 13th-century Persian Sufi from Khwarezmia, the founder of the Kubrawiyya or Kubraviyah Sufi order, influential in the Ilkhanid and Timurid.