* nauta ( nominative ) " sailor " a subject ( e. g. nauta ibi stat the sailor is standing there )

It is inflected as follows: vocative: / ; accusative: / ; genitive: / ; dative: / )

This, taken from mantras urging " bind / transfix ", or " may you cause to bind / transfix ", might have come to be treated as a noun ; and the noun might then have become deified ; hence Kīlaya might have started out as a deified imperative, in some ways comparable to the famous example of the deified vocative in the name Hevajra, and a not unheard of phenomenon in Sanskrit tantric literature.

One Latin element that has survived in Romanian while having disappeared from other Romance languages is the morphological case differentiation in nouns, albeit reduced to only three forms ( nominative / accusative, genitive / dative, and vocative ) from the original six or seven.

4 conative (= vocative or imperative addressing of receiver )

The middle part of the mantra,, is often interpreted as " jewel in the lotus ," Sanskrit " jewel, gem, cintamani " and the locative of " lotus ", but according to Donald Lopez it is much more likely that is in fact a vocative, not a locative, addressing a bodhisattva called, " Jewel-Lotus "- an alternate epithet of the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara.

* The vocative case is used in addressing someone.

The vocative case indicates that a person or thing is being addressed ( e. g., O Tite, cur ancillam pugnas?

The evolution of the “- mir ” element to “- mierz ” is due to two separate developments: first, the regular change of the vowel " i " to "( i ) e " before " r ", and second, the modification of the nominative case by the vocative for certain names ( hence, Kazimierz replaced Kazimier based on the vocative Kazimierze ).

In the Russian language the vocative case has been almost entirely replaced by the nominative ( except for a handful of vestigial forms, e. g. Bozhe and Gospodi " Lord!

* The English vocative particle O, an archaic form of address, e. g. Thou, O king, art a king of kings.

When nouns are in the vocative, the closing of post-tonic vowels ( e into i and o into u ) disappears and those vowels open.

However, the ancient vocative declensions have survived ( mostly in conserved, archaic words or language, e. g. in fairy tales, folklore, or in an ironic sense ) in some words, some examples: syn ( son )-V: synku, brat ( brother )-V: bratu, bratku ), chlapec ( boy, knave )-V: chlapče ), švagor ( brother-in-law )-V: švagre or N, kmotor ( godparent )-V: kmotre or N ), chlap ( man, male )-V: chlape, priateľ ( friend ) V: priateľu or N, pán ( mister, lord )-V: pane or N ), majster ( master artist )-V: majstre or N ), boh ( god )-V: bože, mama ( mum, mother )-V: mamo, mami ) and was retrofitted ( with the help of Czech influence ) to some more words, like šéf ( chief, boss )-V: šéfe.

In addition, depending on the story and the narrator's role in telling the story, the name may be presented in its regular nominative form ( with the final " o ", i. e. Nanabozho ) or in its vocative form ( without the final " o ", i. e. Nanabozh ).

It can be used as a vocative as well, e. g. when speaking to an older person, as in " Su merced, ¿ por qué no vienen vusted y sus nietos a mi casa esta tarde?

* In vocative case go, have ba reba are used, e. g. kya ra ba?

There are two further noun cases in Latin, the vocative and the locative.

Sanskrit has eight cases: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, locative and instrumental.

Some count vocative not as a separate case, despite it having a distinctive ending in the singular, but consider it as a different use of the nominative.

A complete Latin noun declension consists of seven grammatical cases: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative and locative.

( Note that A Uachtaráin ( vocative case ) would be the correct address in Irish.

The vocative case ( abbreviated ) is the case used for a noun identifying the person ( animal, object, etc.

A vocative expression is an expression of direct address, wherein the identity of the party being spoken to is set forth expressly within a sentence.

For example, in the sentence, " I don't know, John ," John is a vocative expression indicating the party who is being addressed, as opposed to the sentence " I don't know John ," where John is the direct object of the verb " know.

Historically, the vocative case was an element of the Indo-European system of cases, and existed in Latin, Sanskrit, and Classical Greek.

Although it has been lost by many modern Indo-European languages, some languages have retained the vocative case to this day.

Among the Romance languages the vocative was preserved in Romanian: it is also visible sometimes, in languages such as Catalan or Portuguese which employ the personal article but drop it in front of vocative forms.

In Extremaduran and Fala language, some post-tonical vowels open in vocative forms of nouns, but it is a new development which doesn't come from the Latin vocative case.

The language has six grammatical cases: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative and locative, and a complex morphology with a variety of moods.

In the declension of nouns, five cases are the same as in Old Prussian: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative.

The vocative example " Kails naussen gnigethe.

Nominals can be declined in three grammatical genders ( masculine, feminine, neuter ), three numbers ( singular, plural, dual ) and seven cases: nominative, vocative, accusative, instrumental, dative, genitive, and locative.

Nouns and adjectives decline into seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, locative, and vocative.

meaning " please call out the name Hari ", the Hare Krishna mantra contains the name in the vocative.

Ukrainian is the only modern East Slavic language which preserves the vocative case.

* The vocative case indicates an addressee: John, are you all right?

* First used in USA English as a vocative, from Spanish vosotros = " you ": compare Buster.

Macedonian and Bulgarian are sharply divergent from the remaining South Slavic languages, Serbo-Croatian and Slovene, and indeed all other Slavic languages, in that they don't use noun cases ( except for the vocative, and apart from some traces of once productive inflections still found scattered throughout the languages ).

One of her names, Hara ( mentioned in Narada-pancaratra 5. 5. 59 ), in vocative Hare, forms a part of the Hare Krishna ' Maha-Mantra ', one of the most popular Vedic mantras, especially among certain sects of Gaudiya Vaishnavas ( some other sects among Gaudiya Vaishnavas explain that the word " Hare " in the mantra is the vocative form of " Hari ", which is also a name of God ).

In the Republic of Ireland, holders of offices with Irish names are usually addressed in English by its nominative form ( so, ' Taoiseach ' and ' Tánaiste '), though the Irish vocative forms differ ( a Thaoisigh and a Thánaiste ).

The Hare Krishna mantra is composed of Sanskrit names in the vocative case: Hare, Krishna, and Rama ( in Anglicized spelling, the transliteration of the three vocatives is, and, pronounced ).

The most recognized additional cases are locative ( в лесу, в крови, в слезах ), partitive ( сапог, чулок, вольт ), and several forms of vocative ( Господи, Боже, отче ).

* The ( syntactic ) vocative case ( V ) is not morphologically marked anymore in modern Slovak ( unlike in modern Czech ).

Note however that there is no dispute that the syntactic vocative is present in Slovak ( and in every other language ).

However, there is a different form of morphological vocative emerging in spoken language, used with some familiar forms of personal names ( Paľo-Pali, Jano, Jana-Jani, Zuza-Zuzi ) and familiar forms of kinship words, such as mama-mami ( mum, mother ), oco-oci ( dad, father ), tata, tato-tati ( dad, daddy ), baba, babka-babi ( gran, granny, grandmother ).

Although written in a similar style to late antique grammatical texts and incorporating some genuine grammatical material, there is much baffling and outlandish material contained in Virgilius ' writings: he discusses twelve kinds of Latin, of which only one is in regular use, and attributes much of his lore to grammarians up to a thousand years old, who debate questions such as the vocative of ego and write texts such as De laudibus indefunctorum ( In praise of the undead ).