* 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Wilson's Creek – the war enters Missouri when a band of raw Confederate troops defeat Union forces in the southwestern part of the state.

Subsequently, other listening stations – the Y-stations, ( such as the ones at Chicksands in Bedfordshire and Beaumanor Hall in Leicestershire where the headquarters of the War Office " Y " Group was located ) – gathered raw signals for processing at Bletchley.

However, for backward compatibility with early HTML authors and browsers that ignored this restriction, raw characters and numeric character references in the 80 – 9F range are interpreted by some browsers as representing the characters mapped to bytes 80 – 9F in the Windows-1252 encoding.

" Pommes de terre frites à cru, en petites tranches " (" Potatoes deep-fried while raw, in small cuttings ") in a manuscript in Thomas Jefferson's hand ( circa 1801 – 1809 ) and the recipe almost certainly comes from his French chef, Honoré Julien.

* Peanut sauce – when combined with mayonnaise and optionally raw onion, this is called patat oorlog (" war fries ").

There were two basic groups of guilds – first, those that supplied the raw materials ; butchers, fishmongers, grain merchants, and gardeners.

The first aspect of the paradox, " the argument by scale ", is a function of the raw numbers involved: there are an estimated 200 – 400 billion ( 2 – 4 × 10 < sup > 11 </ sup >) stars in the Milky Way and 70 sextillion ( 7 × 10 < sup > 22 </ sup >) in the visible universe.

Knapsack problems appear in real-world decision-making processes in a wide variety of fields, such as finding the least wasteful way to cut raw materials, selection of capital investments and financial portfolios, selection of assets for asset-backed securitization, and generating keys for the Merkle – Hellman knapsack cryptosystem.

synthetic fibers, agricultural machinery, fertilizers, radios, electronics, pharmaceuticals, processed foods, textiles, timber ; note – dependent on imports for energy and raw materials

However, this does not take into the account that Germany's economic situation suffered from limited resources – mainly raw materials like oil and aluminium – which did not provide for much beyond a tactical air force.

More generally, lossy compression can be thought of as an application of transform coding – in the case of multimedia data, perceptual coding: it transforms the raw data to a domain that more accurately reflects the information content.

While data reduction ( compression, be it lossy or lossless ) is a main goal of transform coding, it also allows other goals: one may represent data more accurately for the original amount of space – for example, in principle, if one starts with an analog or high-resolution digital master, an MP3 file of a given size should provide a better representation than a raw uncompressed audio in WAV or AIFF file of the same size.

Further, a transform coding may provide a better domain for manipulating or otherwise editing the data – for example, equalization of audio is most naturally expressed in the frequency domain ( boost the bass, for instance ) rather than in the raw time domain.

* Encyclopedia – Wikipedia's January 2010 raw data uses a 5. 87 terabyte dump.

Evidence suggests that blast furnaces, that convert raw iron ore into pig iron, which can be remelted in a cupola furnace to produce cast iron by means of a cold blast and hot blast, were operational in China by the late Spring and Autumn Period ( 722 – 481 BCE ).

For pre – World War II Japan, Manchuria was an essential source of raw materials.

The term Fourier transform spectroscopy reflects the fact that in all these techniques, a Fourier transform is required to turn the raw data into the actual spectrum, and in many of the cases in optics involving interferometers, is based on the Wiener – Khinchin theorem.

Unexpanded (" raw ") perlite has a bulk density around 1100 kg / m < sup > 3 </ sup > ( 1. 1 g / cm < sup > 3 </ sup >), while typical expanded perlite has a bulk density of about 30 – 150 kg / m < sup > 3 </ sup >.

Thus, the Kolmogorov complexity of the raw file encoding this bitmap is much less than 1. 62 million.

A codec performs the encoding and decoding of the raw audio data while the data itself is stored in a file with a specific audio file format.

For example, raw uncompressed PCM audio ( 44. 1 kHz, 16 bit stereo, as represented on an audio CD or in a. wav or. aiff file ) has long been a standard across multiple platforms, but its transmission over networks is slow and expensive compared with more modern compressed formats, such as MP3.

An MP3 file is typically an uncontained stream of raw audio ; the conventional way to tag MP3 files is by writing data to " garbage " segments of each frame, which preserve the media information but are discarded by the player.

This way, for the native Amiga disk format, the raw storage capacity of 3. 5 inch DD disks was increased from the typical 720 kB to 880 kB, although the less-than-ideal file system of the earlier Amiga models reduced this again to ca.

Photographers control the camera and lens to " expose " the light recording material ( such as film ) to the required amount of light to form a " latent image " ( on film ) or " raw file " ( in digital cameras ) which, after appropriate processing, is converted to a usable image.

Upon creation of the file, the codec translates between raw data and the ( compressed ) data format used inside the chunk.

Dramatic improvements in single-shot cameras and raw image file processing at the beginning of the 21st century made single shot, CCD-based cameras almost completely dominant, even in high-end commercial photography.

DIF blocks are the basic units of DV streams and can be stored as computer files in raw form or wrapped in such file formats as Audio Video Interleave ( AVI ), QuickTime ( QT ) and Material Exchange Format ( MXF ).

When video is captured onto a computer it is stored in a container file, which can be either raw DV stream, AVI, WMV or QuickTime.

DV Audio / Video data can be stored as raw DV data stream file ( data is written to a file as the data is received over FireWire, file extensions are. dv and. dif ) or the DV data can be packed into container files ( ex: Microsoft AVI, Apple MOV ).

* Real Time File, a file format used on CD-i disks, to hold large chunks of raw data, usually audio or video

Digital cameras generally include dedicated digital image processing chips to convert the raw data from the image sensor into a colour-corrected image in a standard image file format.

There are also File Manager APIs such as that allow access to the raw resource fork ; however, they should be used only for applications such as copying a file – Apple strongly warns against using the resource fork as a “ second data fork .”

CinemaDNG ( intended by Adobe and others to be an open file format for digital cinema files ) exploits MXF as one of its options for holding a sequence of raw video images.

One alternative to using the raw Japanese file for audio translation is the use of video that has been subtitled in Chinese.

In the case of hard subtitles a video editor ( commonly VirtualDub ) uses an AVISynth script to load the raw video file and the subtitle file ( created by the translators ) then the video software applies the subtitles on the video and captures video with the subtitles " burned " in.

can then be inversely transformed into raw moments

White crystals of a substance called ambrein can be separated from ambergris by heating raw ambergris in alcohol, then allowing the resulting solution to cool.

It can be a raw bitstream, but it is usually a container format or an audio data format with defined storage layer.

Alternatively they can be organized by whether the raw stock is of natural, or synthetic origin, or by their starting physical phase.

Only a proper, artist-grade acrylic gesso should be used to prime canvas in preparation for painting with acrylic ( however acrylic paint can be applied to raw canvas if so desired without any negative effect or chemical reaction as would be the case with oils ).

While canvas needs to be properly sized and primed before painting with oil ( otherwise it will eventually rot the canvas ), acrylic can be safely applied to raw canvas.

Its name can be connected to drum and bass or Miami Bass, whose influence can still be heard in Bass music's edgey raw energy.

For example kidney beans are toxic when raw or improperly cooked, due to the presence of phytohaemagglutinin which can be inactivated after cooking for at least ten minutes at 100 ° C.

Another example can be found in the 1962 short story Epilogue by Poul Anderson, in which self-replicating factory barges were proposed that used minerals extracted from ocean water as raw materials.

Conversion symbolized can be good, for example, refining raw crudities to gold, as seen is The Devil.

The major factors shaping a cuisine are climate, which in large measure determines the native raw materials that are available, economic conditions, which affect trade and can affect food distribution, imports and exports, and religious or sumptuary laws, under which certain foods are required or proscribed.

In some circumstances, mainly depending on the origin and the composition of the raw materials used, the high-temperature calcination process of limestone and clay minerals can release in the atmosphere gases and dust rich in volatile heavy metals, a. o, thallium, cadmium and mercury are the most toxic.

Selected waste and by-products containing useful minerals such as calcium, silica, alumina, and iron can be used as raw materials in the kiln, replacing raw materials such as clay, shale, and limestone.

A smaller-scale cavalry charge can be seen in The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King ( 2003 ); although the finished scene has substantial computer-generated imagery, raw footage and reactions of the riders are shown in the Extended Version DVD Appendices.

Grierson's principles of documentary were that cinema's potential for observing life could be exploited in a new art form ; that the " original " actor and " original " scene are better guides than their fiction counterparts to interpreting the modern world ; and that materials " thus taken from the raw " can be more real than the acted article.

While many foods can be eaten raw, many also undergo some form of preparation for reasons of safety, palatability, texture, or flavor.

A coffee brew, for example, can be readily identified by the trademark if its raw materials come from a particular supplier.

Grapes can be eaten raw or they can be used for making jam, juice, jelly, wine, grape seed extract, raisins, vinegar, and grape seed oil.

The recycled glass saves on raw materials and energy ; however, impurities in the cullet can lead to product and equipment failure.

Modern Italian and European Union legislation grants a protected designation of origin to several raw hams, which specify where and how these types of ham can be produced.