A 2005 study in the British Medical Journal found that learning and practising the didgeridoo helped reduce snoring and obstructive sleep apnea by strengthening muscles in the upper airway, thus reducing their tendency to collapse during sleep.

Australian psychologist Milan Colic has explored the application of principles from narrative therapy with clients ' lucid dreams, to reduce the impact not only of nightmares during sleep, but also depression, self-mutilation, and other problems in waking life.

The opiate drugs belong to the class of narcotic analgesics, which reduce pain without producing unconsciousness, but do produce a sense of relaxation and sleep, and at high doses, may result in coma and death.

However, abstaining from hallucinogenic drugs, managing stress levels, living healthily, and getting plenty of sleep can help reduce the prevalence of hallucinations.

This technique has been shown to reduce sleep effort and performance anxiety and also lower subjective assessment of sleep-onset latency and overestimation of the sleep deficit ( a quality found in many insomniacs ).

The information gleaned from personal observations of daily living-such as about sleep patterns, exercise behavior, nutritional intake, and environmental features-may be used to inform personal decisions and actions ( e. g., " I feel tired in the morning so I am going to try sleeping on a different pillow "), as well as clinical decisions and treatment plans ( e. g., a patient who notices his or her shoes are tighter than usual may be having exacerbation of left-sided heart failure, and may require diuretic medication to reduce fluid overload ).

* Shmooving, cutting small shallow grooves into the face of the yo-yo, where the string rubs, to reduce friction and increase sleep times.

By maintaining a regular sleep schedule and observing good sleep hygiene, one can reduce chances of sleep paralysis.

It may further reduce the patient's ability to protect his or her airway during sleep.

However, for most sleepwalkers, many experts advise putting away dangerous items and locking doors and windows before sleep to reduce risks of harmful activity.

Basic self cares ( adequate sleep, exercise, and avoidance of drugs and alcohol ) together with stress reduction actually seem to help reduce the number and scale of anger episodes.

Due to its action on both the serotoninergic and adrenergic systems, venlafaxine is also used as a treatment to reduce episodes of cataplexy, a form of muscle weakness, in patients with the sleep disorder narcolepsy.

Following launch, Columbia climbed to an altitude of with an orbital inclination of 39 ° to the Earth's equator to allow the seven-member flight crew to maintain the same sleep rhythms they were accustomed to on Earth and to reduce vibrations and directional forces that could have affected on-board microgravity experiments.

Clonidine is increasingly used in conjunction with stimulants to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ), for which it is administered in late afternoon or evening for sleep, and because it sometimes helps moderate ADHD-associated impulsive and oppositional behavior, and may reduce tics, a problem in which a part of the body moves repeatedly and suddenly.

It has been argued that co-sleeping evolved over five million years, that it alters the infant's sleep experience and the number of maternal inspections of the infant, and that it provides a beginning point for considering possibly unconventional ways of helping reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome ( SIDS ).

When first introduced, the manufacturer claimed that Calorad could cause the user to " lose weight while you sleep ", repair joints, and prevent or reduce the symptoms of arthritis.

Warm pajamas and electric blankets can reduce pain and improve sleep.

A tracheal button is generally used in people with severe obstructive sleep apnea, who often wear this device during waking hours and remove it while sleeping to ensure a patent airway and reduce the risk of asphyxiation.

Using these elastic bandages while sleeping can reduce morning stiffness but care must be taken to apply very light compression during sleep.

Because these agents have the effect of reducing or eliminating sleep for long periods of time, when sleep is finally desired or in an effort to reduce the " crash ," hypnotics such as benzodiazepines, sometimes opiates, and less frequently barbiturates are used to induce sleep.

Small seismographs with low proof masses are placed in a vacuum to reduce disturbances from air currents.

: To reduce the risk of “ disturbances ” in Okinawa, Reischauer proposed an increase in U. S. aid, revision of the Price Act to increase compensation for owners of land the U. S. had seized for base construction, and a loosening of the ban on flying the Japanese flag.

To reduce the effect of these load disturbances, sensors and transmitters collect information about the process variable and its relationship to some desired set point.

Demand response in most cases is targeted at reducing peak demand to reduce the risk of potential disturbances, avoid additional capital cost requirements for additional plant, and avoid use of more expensive and / or less efficient operating plant.

Signs and symptoms of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder include persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, guilt, anger, isolation, or hopelessness ; disturbances in sleep and appetite ; fatigue and loss of interest in usually enjoyable activities ; problems concentrating ; loneliness, self-loathing, apathy or indifference ; depersonalization ; loss of interest in sexual activity ; shyness or social anxiety ; irritability, chronic pain ( with or without a known cause ); lack of motivation ; and morbid suicidal ideation.

Emerging evidence suggests a possible role for CBT in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ), hypochondriasis, multiple sclerosis, sleep disturbances related to aging, dysmenorrhea, and bipolar disorder, but more study is needed and results should be interpreted with caution.

It is generally not recommended to take modafinil after noon: modafinil is a relatively long-acting drug with a half-life of 15 hours, and taking it during the later part of the day carries a risk of sleep disturbances.

Dysregulation found on EEG includes disturbances in sleep continuity, decreased delta sleep and altered REM patterns with regard to latency, distribution across the night and density of eye movements.

This is consistent with symptoms such as insomnia and REM sleep disturbances that are reported by patients with Parkinson's disease.

Other symptoms include disturbances to posture, fatigue, sleep abnormalities, and depression.

Management of sleep disturbances that are secondary to mental, medical, or substance abuse disorders should focus on the underlying conditions.

Management of sleep disturbances that are secondary to mental, medical, or substance abuse disorders should focus on the underlying conditions.

Medications and somatic treatments may provide the most rapid symptomatic relief from some sleep disturbances.

Certification in Sleep Medicine shows that the specialist :" has demonstrated expertise in the diagnosis and management of clinical conditions that occur during sleep, that disturb sleep, or that are affected by disturbances in the wake-sleep cycle.

Competence in sleep medicine requires an understanding of a myriad of very diverse disorders, many of which present with similar symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness, which, in the absence of volitional sleep deprivation, " is almost inevitably caused by an identifiable and treatable sleep disorder ", such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy, idiopathic central nervous system ( CNS ) hypersomnia, Kleine-Levin syndrome, menstrual-related hypersomnia, idiopathic recurrent stupor, or circadian rhythm disturbances.

* Sleep disturbances, poor quality sleep, light sleep, insomnia and sleepiness

), tendonitis, seizures, visual disturbances ( blurring, halo effect, inability to focus ), extreme anxiety, panic and / or anger, sleep disturbance, suppression of immune system, digestive difficulties, nausea, indigestion / heartburn, vomiting, diarrhea, joint pains, vertigo / dizziness, abnormally acute sense of smell ( hyperosmia ), sensitivity to natural plant fragrance or natural pine terpenes, insomnia, dry mouth, dry eyes, and an overactive bladder.

Noise pollution can cause annoyance and aggression, hypertension, high stress levels, tinnitus, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects.

If there are no aural or visual disturbances, it will go into a deep form of sleep after 20 minutes.

* sleep disturbances

Bipolar depression is generally more pervasive with sleep and appetite disturbances, as well as a marked non-reactivity of mood, whereas mood with respect to borderline personality and co-occurring dysthymia remains markedly reactive and sleep disturbance not acute.

Due to the high penetration across the blood – brain barrier, lipophilic beta blockers, such as propranolol and metoprolol, are more likely than other, less lipophilic, beta blockers to cause sleep disturbances, such as insomnia and vivid dreams and nightmares.