Another effect is that people would like altruism to be due to a personality characteristic rather than due to overt reputational concerns and simply pointing out that there are reputational benefits of an action may actually reduce them.

Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown ACE inhibitors reduce the progress of diabetic nephropathy independently from their blood pressure-lowering effect.

Lobotomy at the time was used to treat many behavioral disorders, including psychosis, although its effect was to markedly reduce behavior and mental functioning of all types.

Such an effect is specifically searched for with tailor-made superplasticizers developed to increase the workability of concrete and to reduce its water content.

In the course of very accurate quantitative chemical work, he was weighing samples in a partially evacuated chamber to reduce the effect of air currents, and noticed the weighings were disturbed when sunlight shone on the balance.

Diuretics, which can be used in the forms of medications, supplements, or herbs, reduce overall body weight, but have no effect on an individual's total body fat content.

The effect of the field in this case is to reduce the effective binding energy of the atom to the surface and to give, in effect, a greatly increased evaporation rate relative to that expected at that temperature at zero fields.

By aggregating together, nonpolar molecules reduce the surface area exposed to water and minimize their disruptive effect.

To reduce parasitic capacitance and proximity effect, RF coils are constructed to avoid having many turns lying close together, parallel to one another.

To reduce resistance due to skin effect, in high-power inductors such as those used in transmitters the windings are sometimes made of a metal strip or tubing which has a larger surface area, and the surface is silver-plated.

* Honeycomb coils: To reduce proximity effect and parasitic capacitance, multilayer RF coils are wound in patterns in which successive turns are not parallel but crisscrossed at an angle ; these are often called honeycomb or basket-weave coils.

* Litz wire: To reduce skin effect losses, some coils are wound with a special type of radio frequency wire called litz wire.

Another effect of Julian's political philosophy was that the authority of the cities was expanded at the expense of the imperial bureaucracy as Julian sought to reduce direct imperial involvement in urban affairs.

Short-stretch bandages are preferred over long-stretch bandages ( such as those normally used to treat sprains ), as the long-stretch bandages cannot produce the proper therapeutic tension necessary to safely reduce lymphedema and may in fact end up producing a tourniquet effect.

Poor biodistribution is a problem that can affect normal tissues through widespread distribution, but the particulates from drug delivery systems lower the volume of distribution and reduce the effect on non-target tissue.

The nanotherapeutics will greatly reduce the severe side effect of bleeding, commonly found in standard treatment of thrombosis.

Intravenous corticosteroids have also been found to reduce the risk of developing MS in the following two years in those patients who have MRI lesions ; but this effect disappears by the third year of follow up.

This is used to reduce the effect of high-g manoeuvering on Voidhawk crews.

In effect polyandry will reduce the effective population size of a given closed population.

The effect of the Greek interpretation was to reduce a more-than-human female, daughter of the Sun itself, to a stereotyped emblem of grotesque bestiality and the shocking excesses of female sensuality and deceit.

This is rare on rifles designed for extreme accuracy, as the plating process is difficult and liable to reduce the effect of the rifling.

A space frame of wrought iron arches, held together by horizontal tubular structures containing long prestressed cables, supports glass panes which were originally tinted green with copper oxide to reduce the significant heating effect.

In order to be more hydrodynamic, people can increase the power of the strokes, or reduce water resistance, although increasing power to overcome resistance needs to increase by a factor of three to achieve the same effect as reducing resistance.

Each effect can be modified by Advantages ( less energy expenditure, for example ) or Disadvantages ( reduced number of uses, for example ) which increase or reduce the cost of a power.

To reduce further the flow of goods from England, the Company's local officials asked that its London authorities refrain from forwarding any more trade goods to these men.

However, the jury said it believes `` these two offices should be combined to achieve greater efficiency and reduce the cost of administration ''.

Damage to either of these areas can reduce the fitness of the rival, either because of the need to regenerate tissue or because it impairs its ability to detect food.

Sterile technique, aseptic post-operative care, antibiotics, and vigilant post-operative monitoring greatly reduce the risk of these complications.

) of individuals undergoing medical treatment, particularly emergency medical treatment of those who might be infected with illnesses such as HIV, or hepatitis so as to reduce as much as possible the chances of transmitting these illnesses.

However, the lack of notice of copyright using these marks may have consequences in terms of reduced damages in an infringement lawsuit — using notices of this form may reduce the likelihood of a defense of " innocent infringement " being successful.

In an attempt to address this, the Government entered into the Narcotics Agreement of 1984 and the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty of 1986 with the United States, in order to reduce the use of their facilities associated with these activities.

The least collectivist of these is social democracy, which seeks to reduce the perceived injustices of unrestrained capitalism by government regulation, redistribution of income, and varying degrees of planning and public ownership.

Typically, organic catalysts require a higher loading ( amount of catalyst per unit amount of reactant, expressed in mol % amount of substance ) than transition metal (- ion )- based catalysts, but these catalysts are usually commercially available in bulk, helping to reduce costs.

In his 1997 and 2002 Sieg presents a series of constraints on the behavior of a computor —" a human computing agent who proceeds mechanically "; these constraints reduce to:

Using ClearType on these display configurations will actually reduce the display quality.

Compression algorithms can average a color across these similar areas to reduce space, in a manner similar to those used in JPEG image compression.

To reduce the amount of wiring needed in electronic musical keyboards, these instruments often use keyboard matrix circuits.

However, broadcasters may choose to reduce these resolutions to save bandwidth ( e. g., many DVB-T channels in the United Kingdom use a horizontal resolution of 544 or 704 pixels per line ).

Sociologist Helmut Schoeck similarly considered envy the motive of collective efforts by society to reduce the disproportionate gains of successful individuals through moral or legal constraints, with altruism being primary among these.

In 2004, the government began a resettlement initiative to move more than two million people away from the arid highlands of the east, proposing that these resettlements would reduce food shortages.

In 2004, the government began a drive to move more than two million people away from the arid highlands of the east, proposing that these resettlements would reduce food shortages.

Many of these balls now are made with aerodynamic technology, where the ball has over a thousand small dimples in it that reduce air resistance.

As an alternative to using a particular system of units, one can reduce all measurements to dimensionless quantities expressed in terms of ratios between the quantities being measured and various fundamental constants such as Newton's constant, the speed of light and Planck's constant ; physicists can define at least 26 dimensionless constants which can be expressed in terms of these sorts of ratios and which are currently thought to be independent of one another.

Together with William Losh, Stephenson improved the design of cast iron rails to reduce breakage ; these were briefly made by Losh, Wilson and Bell at their Walker ironworks.

Note that these drugs do not treat hyperthyroidism or any of its long-term effects if left untreated, but, rather, they treat or reduce only symptoms of the condition.

The high value of stallions has helped with the acceptance of these techniques because they allow a stallion to breed more mares with each " collection ," and greatly reduce the risk of injury during mating.

Safer sex practices reduce these risks.

Investable indices are an attempt to reduce these problems by ensuring that the return of the index is available to shareholders.

The program, however, has been controversial with critics accusing the Indonesian Government of trying to use these migrants to reduce the proportion of native populations in receiving areas, in order to weaken separatist movements.