This diocese comprised the Counties of Dorset, Wiltshire, and Berkshire, for in 1058 the old Bishoprics of Sherborne and Ramsbury had been united under Bishop Hermann and the see transferred to Old Sarum.

The Bishoprics of Brandenburg and Havelberg were established around 940 and the Christianisation of the pagan Slavs began.

Bishoprics were established at Meissen, Brandenburg, Havelberg, and Oldenburg to administer the territory.

In the former case, he had been recognised as their sovereign by The Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek and The Bishopric of Courland, and as their prospective ruler by the authorities of The Bishopric of Dorpat ; The Bishopric of Reval with the Harrien-Wierland gentry were on his side ; Livonian Order conditionally recognised his right of ownership of Estonia ( Principality of Estonia ).

1435 by the archbishop of Riga, the bishops of Courland, Dorpat, Ösel-Wiek and Reval ; the representatives of the Livonan Order and vassals, and the deputies of Riga, Reval and Dorpat city municipal councils.

In 1559 the bishop of Courland and Ösel-Wiek Johannes V von Münchhausen sold his lands to the King Frederick II of Denmark for 30, 000 thalers.

Terra Mariana was divided into feudal principalities by Papal Legate William of Modena: the Archbishopric of Riga, Bishopric of Courland, Bishopric of Dorpat, Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek, the lands ruled by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword The northern parts became a Dominum directum to the King of Denmark, Duchy of Estonia.

The largest ecclesiastical state was the Archbishopric of Riga ( 18, 000 km < sup > 2 </ sup >) followed by the Bishopric of Courland ( 4500 km < sup > 2 </ sup >), Bishopric of Dorpat, and Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek.

The bishops of Dorpat, Courland and Ösel-Wiek were lesser powers.

Suffragan bishoprics subordinate to Riga included Dorpat, Ösel-Wiek, Courland, Sambia, Pomesania, Warmia ( Ermland ), and Culmerland.

The same year, the prince-bishop of Ösel-Wiek and Courland Johannes V von Münchhausen in Old Livonia sold his lands to King Frederick II for 30, 000 thalers.

Born as Ernst Johann Biren (; ) in Kalnciems, Courland, he was the grandson of a groom in the service of Jacob Kettler, Duke of Courland, who bestowed upon him a small estate, which Biron's father inherited and where Biron himself was born.

In July he became commander of Army Group North, which was later renamed Army Group Courland, where he stayed until January 1945 when he was made commander of Army Group Centre, defending Czechoslovakia and the upper reaches of the River Oder.

Neither bombs the target due to clouds and bad weather, and L 38 makes a forced landing at Seemuppen, Courland, in German-occupied Russia, where strong winds eventually destroy her on December 29.

Here he launched a successful but costly counterattack into Lithuania, managing to stabilize the front, but failing to break through to the Courland Pocket, where Army Group North was trapped after the decimation of Army Group Centre.

The new empress, Catherine II, dismissed baroque architecture as an old-fashioned " whipped cream ", and the aged architect had to retire to Courland where he supervised the completion and decoration of the ducal palaces.

After his release he returned to Dorothea's Courland court, where he served as a tutor for her daughter.

Father Hofbauer went to work for the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples and was sent to Russia where he briefly ministered in Courland ( now in Latvia ).

Magnus spent the last six years of his life at the castle of Pilten in the Bishopric of Courland, where he died as a pensioner of the Polish crown.

After Albert's death in 1229, the crusaders secured the peaceful submission of Vanemane ( a county with a mixed Livonian, Oselian, and Curonian population in the northeastern part of Courland ) by treaty in 1230.

Albert's brother Theodoricus is the progenitor of the family de Raupena ( de Ropa, known today as " von der Ropp ") that founded manors in Livonia and Courland.

In this play Ladislas and his brother both love the princess Cassandra ; Ladislas makes his way into her house and in the darkness kills a man whom he thinks to be the duke of Courland, but who is really his brother Alexandre, the favoured lover.

* Duchy of Courland and Semigallia ( 1918 ) – in 1915 the Imperial German forces occupied the Russian Courland Governorate and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended the war in the east, so the local ethnic Baltic Germans established a Duchy under the German crown from that part of Ober Ost, with a common return of civil administration in favor of military.

After the disintegration of the Livonian Order a new state, the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia was established.

Jacob established the merchant fleet of the Duchy of Courland, with its main harbours in Ventspils and Libau.

The Radziwiłłs also gained international importance manifested in family relations with German princely dynasties, first established by Albrecht Radziwiłł from Olyka who married Anna, princess of Courland.

When the curtain rises on the first act, the cottage of Giselle and her mother Berthe are seen on one side, and opposite is seen the cottage of Duke Albrecht of Silesia, a nobleman who has disguised himself as a peasant named Loys, in order to sow a few wild oats before his marriage to Bathilde, the daughter of the Prince of Courland.

: My grandfather Thorgny could well remember the Uppsala king Eirik Eymundson, and used to say of him that when he was in his best years he went out every summer on expeditions to different countries, and conquered for himself Finland, Kirjalaland, Courland, Esthonia, and the eastern countries all around ; and at the present day the earth-bulwarks, ramparts, and other great works which he made are to be seen.

My grandfather Thorgny could well remember the Upsala king Eirik Eymundson, and used to say of him that when he was in his best years he went out every summer on expeditions to different countries, and conquered for himself Finland, Kirjalaland, Courland, Esthonia, and the eastern countries all around ; and at the present day the earth-bulwarks, ramparts, and other great works which he made are to be seen.

Between 1237 and 1290, the Livonian Order conquered all of Courland, Livonia, and Semigallia, but their attack on northern Russia was repelled in the Battle of Rakvere ( 1268 ).

Scandinavian settlements existed along the southeastern Baltic coast in Truso and Kaup ( Old Prussia ), and in Grobin ( Courland, Latvia ).

The Livonian dialect is divided into the Vidzeme variety and the Courland variety ( also called tāmnieku or ventiņu ).

Anna proceeded to rule Courland ( now western Latvia ) from 1711 to 1730, with the Russian resident, Peter Bestuzhev, as her adviser ( and sometimes lover ).

In 1798, Emperor Paul I of Russia offered Louis the use of Jelgava Palace in Courland ( now Latvia ).

Ernst Johann von Biron (; ; – ) was a Duke of Courland and Semigallia ( 1737 ) and regent of the Russian Empire ( 1740 ).

In return, Władysław attempted to make him the sovereign of Courland, but this was vetoed by the Commonwealth parliament ( Sejm ).

In the early 2000s, many other prominent " last Livonians " also died, such as Poulin Klavin ( 1918 – 2001 ), keeper of many Livonian traditions and the last Livonian to reside permanently on the Courland coast, and Edgar Vaalgamaa ( 1912 – 2003 ), clergyman in Finland, translator of the New Testament and author of a book on the history and culture of the Livonians (" Valkoisen hiekan kansa ", Jyväskylä 2001 ).

* Karl Christian Joseph Ignaz Eugen Franz Xavier ( b. Dresden, 13 July 1733-d. Dresden, 16 June 1796 ), Duke of Courland and Zemgale ( 1758 – 1763 ).

Barclay de Tolly, a member of the Scottish Clan Barclay, was born in Pamūšis, Courland and Semigallia ( in present-day Pakruojis region, Šiauliai County, Lithuania ) and raised in Jõgeveste, Livonia, Russian Empire ( currently in Estonia ).

Between 1237 and 1290, the Livonian Order conquered all of Courland, Livonia, and Semigallia, but the Order's attempts to invade the neighboring Novgorod Republic were unsuccessful and its army was eventually defeated in the Battle of Rakvere ( 1268 ).

In 1862 Bagrationi was made the Governor of Tver province, and from 1870 until his death he was the Governor-General of the Baltic governorates ( Courland, Livonia and Estonia ).

Ventspils GDP of 2007 per capita was LVL 7, 530, i. e. 16 % higher than Latvia's average GDP per capita ( LVL 6, 493 ) and 51 % higher than Courland region's average GDP per capita ( LVL 4, 979 ).

Totleben was born at Mitau in Courland ( now Jelgava, Latvia ).

The area became a part of Latvia at the end of World War I ; see Duchy of Courland and Semigallia ( 1918 ).

Wilhelm owned the western part, Courland ( Kurzeme ), with his residence in Kuldīga ( Goldingen ).

Ultimately, Russia determined the further fate of Courland when with its allies it began the third division of Poland ( 1795 ).

Eliyahu Dessler ( who was known throughout his life as Eliyahu Leizer or Elya Lazer ) was born in 1892 in Libau, Courland ( Latvia ).

The sound added at end of the word usually is I, in some rare cases also A, U or E ( the later mostly at some regions of Courland ).

The Baltic governorates (), originally the Ostsee governorates (, ) is a collective name for the administrative units of the Russian Empire set up at the territories of Swedish Estonia, Swedish Livonia ( 1721 ) and, afterwards, of Duchy of Courland and Semigallia ( 1795 ).

He was never registered in the matricles of the knightage of Livonia ( Livländische Ritterschaft ) or one of the other three Baltic knightages ( that is of Estonia, Courland and Ösel / Saaremaa ).

Captain Willem Mollens declared the island " New Courland " ( Neu-Kurland ).

" An alternate explanation is that Mitau came from Mitte in der Aue, German for " the middle of the Aa ", referring to the Lielupe River, formerly known as the Courland Aa ( Kurländische Aa in German ).