Two-factor authentication ( TFA, T-FA or 2FA ) is an approach to authentication which requires the presentation of two or more of the three authentication factors: a knowledge factor (" something the user knows "), a possession factor (" something the user has "), and an inherence factor (" something the user is ").

Pappas ' critical examination of the “ inherence account ” is greatly appreciated by Berkeley scholars.

He therefore underlines the fact that there is an inherence of consciousness and of the body of which the analysis of perception should take account.

Such arguments typically claim that the relationship between a particular and its form is very intelligible and easily grasped ; that people unproblematically apply Platonic theory in everyday life ; and that the inherence criticism is only created by the artificial demand to explain the normal understanding of inherence as if it were highly problematic.

Access to a very-high-security system might require a mantrap screening of height, weight, facial, and fingerprint checks ( several inherence factor elements ) plus a PIN and a day code ( knowledge factor elements ), but this is still a two-factor authentication.

In the Ontology this method is employed to determine what in reality corresponds to the empirical conceptions of substance and cause, or rather of inherence and change.

Colour and tone present the appearance of inherence, but on looking closer we find they are not really immanent in things but rather presuppose a communion among several .” The result then is briefly thus: In place of the one absolute position, which in some unthinkable way the common understanding substitutes for the absolute positions of the n attributes, we have really a series of two or more positions for each attribute, every series, however, beginning with the same ( as it were, central ) real ( hence the unity of substance in a group of attributes ), but each being continued by different reals ( hence the plurality and difference of attributes in unity of substance ).

Where there is the appearance of inherence, therefore, there is always a plurality of reals ; no such correlative to substance as attribute or accident can be admitted at all.

Two primitive concepts ( i. e., genuine notions that cannot be explained in terms of something else ) in substance theory are the bare particular and the inherence relation.

Pappas developed his treatment of Berkeley ’ s “ esse est percipi ” principle to repudiate the " inherence interpretation of Berkeley ", upon which Edwin E. Allaire, among others, elaborated

After emerging in the early 1960s, the “ inherence account ” attracted numerous proponents and became an influential element of contemporary Berkeley scholarship.

These meanings can either oppose or complement each other, although they share the common trait that they rely on inherence as opposed to design in finding just laws.

Two main criticisms with Platonic realism relate to inherence and difficulty of creating concepts without sense-perception.

Critics claim that the terms " instantiation " and " copy " are not further defined and that participation and inherence are similarly mysterious and unenlightening.

Arguments refuting the inherence criticism, however, claim that a form of something spatial can lack a concrete ( spatial ) location and yet have in abstracto spatial qualities.

The contradictions he finds in the common-sense conception of inherence, or of a thing with several attributes, will now become obvious.

The latter has come to be known as inherence.

* the ownership factors: Something the user has ( e. g., wrist band, ID card, security token, software token, phone, or cell phone )

* the knowledge factors: Something the user knows ( e. g., a password, pass phrase, or personal identification number ( PIN ), challenge response ( the user must answer a question ))

Most email clients offer a user option to prefer plain text over HTML ; this is an example of how local factors may affect how an application chooses which " best " part of the message to display.

Human factors include: stability of service, availability of service, delays, user information.

Other factors that distinguish " alternative " weekly tabloids from the major daily newspapers are their less-frequent publication, and that they are usually free to the user, since they rely on ad revenue.

In such a scenario, if the user is known to designated cohorts, the cohorts may provide their smart card and password in combination with the extant factor of the user in question and thus provide two factors for the user with missing credential, and three factors overall to allow access.

The vendors ' products compete on the quality of their implementation, user interface, ease of use, performance, price, and a host of other factors, while keeping the customers data intact and transferable even if he chooses to switch to another competing product for business reasons.

The ways in which someone may be authenticated fall into three categories, based on what are known as the factors of authentication: something the user knows, something the user has, and something the user is.

When elements representing two factors are required for identification, the term two-factor authentication is applied — e. g. a bankcard ( something the user has ) and a PIN ( something the user knows ).

Human factors are an aspect of transport engineering, particularly concerning driver-vehicle interface and user interface of road signs, signals, and markings.

The mechanical failures were compounded by the initial failure of plant operators to recognize the situation as a loss-of-coolant accident due to inadequate training and human factors, such as human-computer interaction design oversights relating to ambiguous control room indicators in the power plant's user interface.

Critical human factors and user interface engineering problems were revealed in the investigation of the reactor control system's user interface.

CMS earned a very good reputation for being efficient, and for having good human factors for ease of use, relative to the standards of the time ( and of course prior to widespread use of graphical user interface environments such as are commonly used today ).

Robin Richardson, an original member of the Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia, at a 2009 symposium on " Islamophobia and Religious Discrimination ", said that " the disadvantages of the term Islamophobia are significant " on seven different grounds, including that it implies it is merely a " severe mental illness " affecting " only a tiny minority of people "; that use of the term makes those to whom it is applied " defensive and defiant " and absolves the user of " the responsibility of trying to understand them " or trying to change their views ; that it implies that hostility to Muslims is divorced from factors such as skin color, immigrant status, fear of fundamentalism, or political or economic conflicts ; that it conflates prejudice against Muslims in one's own country with dislike of Muslims in countries with which the West is in conflict ; that it fails to distinguish between people who are against all religion from people who dislike Islam specifically ; and that the actual issue being described is hostility to Muslims, " an ethno-religious identity within European countries ", rather than hostility to Islam.

A broader concept of imitation is needed, one which acknowledges that true invention is important, that the artist's creativity in part transcends the non-artistic causal factors out of which it arises.

If the existent form is to be retained new factors that reinforce it must be introduced into the situation.

After allowing for group exposures, it is apparent that other factors must be considered if we are to comprehend fanaticism.

These factors practically insure that no single financing formula is feasible ; ;

The impact of technological factors is also illustrated by the history of the high-energy fuel program.

At that time consideration will be given to whether in the light of the United States supplies of rice available for Title 1, disposal, India's production, consumption and stocks of food grains, other imports from the United States and countries friendly to the United States, India's storage capacity, and other related factors, any increase would be possible in the portion of the total rice programmed which is currently planned for procurement during the first year.

With the existence of these many factors, some of them variable, it obviously has never been and is not now possible for the Commission to make assignments of AM stations on a case-to-case basis which will insure against any interference in any circumstances.

This difference is made up of many factors.

Any alteration of one of these factors is distortion, although we generally use that word only for effects so pronounced that they can be stated quantitatively on the basis of standard tests.

The first step in using a formula is to insert the numerical values of the factors involved in their correct positions in the formula.

To simplify the formulas a representative symbol is substituted for each of the factors.

To determine engine speed for a given combination of the other three factors the formula is: Af.

To determine the rear axle gear ratio for a combination of the other three factors, the formula is: Af.

Water interest is one of the most valuable factors you can find for a recreation site.

They then point out that with our present lack of knowledge of all the factors concerned in the rise and fall of epidemics, it is unlikely that a planned episode could be initiated.

For our present purposes we assume that the sole subject of bargaining is the basic wage rate ( not including productivity improvement factors or cost-of-living adjustments ), and it is this basic wage rate which determines the level of costs.

Emotional maturity is the result of many factors, the principal ones being the experiences of the first few years of the child's life.

It is apparent, therefore, that the teacher needs to know what factors have a vital bearing on the learning and adjustment of children.

This is only a minimum list of the factors that inhibit learning and contribute to maladjustment among children.

Successful teaching involves getting enough information about each pupil to understand why he behaves as he does in certain situations and how his achievement in school is being influenced by various factors in his environment.

While this influence is a complex matter, depending upon personality factors in the individual as well as upon his social-class experience, there probably are some general statements about social-class background and educational policy that can be made with a fair degree of truth.

The modern student, who knows what was to come next, is likely to place first the factors of change which are visible in the eighth century.

If this analysis is correct, the suburban branches will turn out to be what management's cost accountants refuse to acknowledge, marginal operations rather than major factors.