Many Christian denominations have been influenced by Arminian views, notably the Baptists ( See A History of the Baptists Third Edition by Robert G. Torbet ) in the 16th century, the Methodists, the Congregationalists of the early New England colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries and the Universalists and Unitarians in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Jacobus Arminius was a Dutch pastor and theologian in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.

Also, prior to the massive Sephardic emigrations to the Middle East in the 16th and 17th centuries, the Jewish communities of what are today Syria, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Egypt and Yemen were known by other Jewish communities as Musta ' arabi Jews or " like Arabs ".

Despite pressure from the Bernese authorities in the 16th and 17th centuries anabaptism never entirely disappeared from the Unteraargau.

As a result of their views on the nature of baptism and other issues, Anabaptists were heavily persecuted during the 16th century and into the 17th by both Magisterial Protestants and Roman Catholics.

The English word " amputation " was first applied to surgery in the 17th century, possibly first in Peter Lowe's A discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie ( published in either 1597 or 1612 ); his work was derived from 16th century French texts and early English writers also used the words " extirpation " ( 16th century French texts tended to use extirper ), " disarticulation ", and " dismemberment " ( from the Old French desmembrer and a more common term before the 17th century for limb loss or removal ), or simply " cutting ", but by the end of the 17th century " amputation " had come to dominate as the accepted medical term.

After several false starts during the 16th and 17th centuries the brass industry was also established in England taking advantage of abundant supplies of cheap copper smelted in the new coal fired reverberatory furnace.

Successful recreations have been performed by Anthemius of Tralles ( 6th century AD ), Proclus ( 6th century ) ( who by this means purportedly destroyed the fleet of Vitellus besieging Constantinople ), Ibn Sahl in his On Burning Mirrors and Lenses ( 10th century ), Alhazen in his Book of Optics ( 1021 ), Roger Bacon ( 13th century ), Giambattista della Porta and his friends ( 16th century ), Athanasius Kircher and Gaspar Schott ( 17th century ), the Comte du Buffon in 1740 in Paris, Ioannis Sakas in the 1970s in Greece, and others.

In the second, third and fourth chapters, the order of the 16th letter ( ע ) and the 17th ( פ ) is reversed.

In the 16th and the 17th centuries, the earliest European arrivals in China, the Christian Jesuits, considered Confucianism to be an ethical system, not a religion, and one that was compatible with Christianity.

However, during the 16th and 17th centuries, Cairo remained an important economic and cultural centre.

The use of mail as battlefield armour was common during the Iron Age and the Middle Ages, becoming less common over the course of the 16th and 17th centuries.

Ironically, the rise of infantry in the early 16th century coincided with the " golden age " of heavy cavalry ; a French or Spanish army at the beginning of the century could have up to half its numbers made up of various kinds of light and heavy cavalry, whereas in earlier medieval and later 17th century armies the proportion of cavalry was seldom more than a quarter.

The demi-lancers and the heavily armored sword-and-pistol reiters were among the types of cavalry whose heyday was in the 16th and 17th centuries, as for the Polish winged hussars, a heavy cavalry force that achieved great success against Swedes, Russians, and Turks.

In his early twenties Caravaggio moved to Rome where, during the late 16th and early 17th centuries, many huge new churches and palazzi were being built and paintings were needed to fill them.

A little closer to modern democracy were the Cossack republics of Ukraine in the 16th – 17th centuries: Cossack Hetmanate and Zaporizhian Sich.

Several of the houses on the street are originally late 16th century or early 17th century and likely rebuilt on the site of earlier medieval dwellings.

The voyages of discovery of the 16th and 17th centuries acquainted Europeans with new and different cultures in the Americas, in Asia, and in the Pacific.

Consequently, the 16th and 17th centuries were to witness a succession of armed Druze rebellions against the Ottomans, countered by repeated Ottoman punitive expeditions against the Chouf, in which the Druze population of the area was severely depleted and many villages destroyed.

In English, the terms poniard and dirk are loaned during the late 16th to early 17th century, the latter in the spelling dork, durk ( presumably via Low German, Dutch or Scandinavian dolk, dolch, ultimately from a West Slavic tulich ), the modern spelling dirk dating to 18th-century Scots.

These beliefs have persisted despite ( and have been influenced by ) the introduction of Islam and Catholicism to the islands in the 13th and 16th centuries, respectively.

If during the 14 – 15th centuries armour seldom weighed more than 15 kg, then by the late 16th century it weighed 25 kg.

Little remains of the claustral buildings of the Abbey except for the impressive gatehouse, which stretches between the south-west corner of the church and a defensive tower on the High Street, and the still complete Abbot's House, a building of the 13th, 15th and 16th centuries, which is the best-preserved of its type in Scotland.

At its peak in the 16th through the 18th centuries, the Ottoman Empire had wrested control of the entire Black Sea area, which was for the time an " Ottoman lake ", on which Russian warships were prohibited.

* Modern Bulgarian – dates from the 16th century onwards, undergoing general grammar and syntax changes in the 18th and 19th centuries.

1 and 2 Samuel were originally ( and still is in some Jewish bibles ) a single book, but the first Greek translation, produced in the centuries immediately before Christ, divided it into two ; this was adopted by the Latin translation used in the early Christian church of the West, and finally introduced into Jewish bibles around the early 16th century CE.

The most notable of these early immigrants were the Shirazi Arab royal clans, who arrived in Comoros in the 15th and 16th centuries and stayed to build mosques, create a royal house and introduce architecture and carpentry.

The Enûma Eliš, a text written between the 18th and 16th centuries BC, describes five personified cosmic elements: the sea, earth, sky, fire, and wind.

It was one of many constellations created by European explorers in the 15th and 16th centuries out of unfamiliar Southern Hemisphere stars.

Outdoor curling was very popular in Scotland between the 16th and 19th centuries, as the climates provided good ice conditions every winter.

* Notable draftsmen of the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries include Leonardo da Vinci, Albrecht Dürer, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Donatello.

Although by early 16th century such weapons were used both in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Hungary, in most cases these were but examples of captured weapons issued to peasants and serfs in case of a dire need.

Throughout the 16th century, the kholops ’ role in the corvée economy had been diminishing due to the increasing involvement of peasant exploitation ( see Russian serfdom ).

At the turn of the 16th century, the service class kholops ( служилое холопство, sluzhiloye kholopstvo ) began to emerge and spread across the country.

In the 16th century, it came to be known as the Vogtei der Freien Ämter.

In the Middle Ages the sea was known by variety of names, the name Baltic Sea started to dominate only after 16th century.

Broadside ballads ( also known as ' roadsheet ’, ‘ stall ’, ‘ vulgar ’ or ‘ come all ye ’ ballads ) were a product of the development of cheap print in the 16th century.

This branch of Christianity bears the name of the French reformer John Calvin ( also known as Jean Cauvin in Middle French ), because of his noticeable influence and because of his role in the confessional and ecclesiastical debates that happened throughout the 16th century.

Most of the official documents and private reports, however, which bear upon the council, were made known in the 16th century and since.

The bowl-shaped outflow is the simplest form of a water clock and is known to have existed in Babylon and in Egypt around the 16th century BC.

The most famous golem narrative involves Judah Loew ben Bezalel, the late 16th century chief rabbi of Prague, also known as the Maharal, who reportedly created a golem to defend the Prague ghetto from antisemitic attacks and pogroms.

Two manuscripts are known to have existed, both dated to the late 16th century and written respectively in Italian and in Spanish — although the Spanish manuscript is now lost, its text surviving only in a partial 18th-century transcript.

In the 16th century a small remnant of a Gothic dialect known as Crimean Gothic was described as surviving in the Crimea.

On his father's side, only a single relative is known to have been a professional musician: Heinrich Thering, Telemann's great-grandfather, served as Kantor at Halberstadt in the late 16th century.

At the same time, Catalan and Galician became the standard languages in their respective territories, developing important literary traditions and being the normal languages in which public and private documents were issued: Galician from the 13th to the 16th century in Galicia and nearby regions of Asturias and Leon, and Catalan from the 12th to the 18th century in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and Valencia, where it was known as Valencian.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, a large advancement of scientific progress known as the Scientific Revolution took place in Europe.

While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since classical antiquity ( for example, by Thales, Aristotle, and others ), and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages ( for example, by Ibn al-Haytham, Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī and Roger Bacon ), the dawn of modern science is generally traced back to the early modern period, during what is known as the Scientific Revolution that took place in 16th and 17th century Europe.

Thornton mentions that Krakatoa was known as " The Fire Mountain " during Java's Sailendra dynasty, with records of seven eruptive events between the 9th and 16th centuries.

Near Port Stanley, there is an Indian village dating from the 16th century known as the Southwold Earthworks where as many as 800 Neutral Indians once lived ; the archaeological remains include double earth walls winding around the grass – covered perimeter.

Among the works created by Leonardo in the 16th century is the small portrait known as the Mona Lisa or " la Gioconda ", the laughing one.

A prayer room is known to have existed since the 16th century: the first actual synagogue was built in 1648, and rebuilt in 1691 after a fire.

The known history of Mauritius begins with its discovery by Europeans and its appearance on maps in the early 16th century.

Little was known in the West about the island until the 19th century, although Portuguese and Spanish explorers, such as Dom Jorge de Meneses and Yñigo Ortiz de Retez, respectively, had encountered it as early as the 16th century.

Formulas for expressing the roots of polynomials of degree 2 in terms of square roots have been known since ancient times ( see quadratic equation ), and for polynomials of degree 3 or 4 similar formulas ( using cube roots in addition to square roots ) were found in the 16th century ( see cubic function and quartic function for the formulas and Niccolo Fontana Tartaglia, Lodovico Ferrari, Gerolamo Cardano, and Vieta for historical details ).

By the 16th century, men were known to rip up rosemary bushes to show that they, not their wives, ruled the roost.

In the mid 16th century Russians adopted printing from Central Europe, with Ivan Fyodorov being the first known Russian printer.

Tomas Molina Caracas, the commander of the FARC's 16th Front, led the 16th Front's drug-trafficking activities together with Carlos Bolas and a rebel known as Oscar El Negro.