1831 saw the success of La Peau de Chagrin ( The Wild Ass's Skin or The Magic Skin ), a fable-like tale about a despondent young man named Raphaël de Valentin who finds an animal skin which promises great power and wealth.

Christopher Rice Mansel Talbot ( 1803 – 1890 ) ( Liberal Member of Parliament for Glamorgan from 1830 until his death ) saw the potential of his property as a site for an extensive ironworks, which opened in early 1831.

1831 saw the outbreak of the Carbonari-led uprisings in Italy.

On January 23, 1831, the stripes were changed from horizontal to vertical, and October 12 saw the flag attain its modern form, with the black placed at the hoist side of the flag.

The period of peace between 1831 and 1914 saw the digging of the canal ( 1846 ) and the construction of the railroad ( 1855 ).

1831 saw the establishment of Wesleyan University, which was to become one of the United States ' leading liberal arts institutions.

The 19th century saw 20 thousand Polish soldiers interned after the failure of the November Uprising ( 1830 – 1831 ) and many townspeople and noblemen involved in the January Uprising ( 1863 ).

The governorship of Ioannis Kapodistrias ( 1828 – 1831 ) saw a drastic reorganization of the national military: a Secretariat on Army and Naval Affairs and the Hellenic Army Academy were created, the Army engineering corps was founded ( 28 July 1829 ), and a concerted effort was made to reform the various irregular forces into regular light infantry battalions.

Thus, in 1830 he bought the farm, and had his Summer Palace built there, but he never saw it finished, because he stepped down from the throne, on April 7, 1831.

First raised in 1831, the Spahis saw extensive service in the conquest of Algeria, in the Franco-Prussian War, in Tonkin towards the end of the Sino-French War ( 1885 ), in the occupation of Morocco and Syria, and in both World Wars.

She saw service in the Second Barbary War and was decommissioned in 1831

The guild's power in setting the fee a journeyman could charge was eventually overturned by law in 1827, and the period after this saw the guild's power diminish, along with that of the other guilds ; the guilds were superseded by trade unions, with the Operative United Painters ' Union forming sometime around 1831.

The 1831 general election in the United Kingdom saw a landslide win by supporters of electoral reform, which was the major election issue.

At Posen he was struck down by cholera and died on 24 August 1831, soon followed by his chief-of-staff, who fell a victim to the same disease in November.

Hally's father Guy Morrison Bryan ( 1821 – 1901 ) had emigrated to Texas in 1831.

See also the Night Poaching Act 1828 and Game Act 1831.

This was followed by the Night Poaching Act 1828 and Night Poaching Act 1844, the Game Act 1831, and the Poaching Prevention Act 1862, which made it an offence to illegally shoot game using a firearm.

The name of Rebecca is also mentioned in the context of the Merthyr Rising of 1831 in the song " Ironmasters " by the British folkpunk band The Men They Couldn't Hang on their album " Night of a Thousand Candles ".

In August 1831, Juan Davis Bradburn the military commander of the custom station on Upper Galveston Bay gave asylum to two men who had escaped from slavery in Louisiana.

On Feb. 8, 1831, around 10: 30 p. m, a fire originating in Lieutenant Tuttle's quarters, destroyed much of the work, burning until the next morning.

The first development in the area may have been when Richard Goldsmith Meares who established a lime burning kiln in 1831.

* Ioannis Kapodistrias, the first leader of free modern Greece ( 1776 – 1831 ), had a large building erected ; intended as a barracks, it was subsequently used as a museum, a library and a school.

In 1831 he published a short popular account of the philosopher's life in Murray's Family Library ; but it was not until 1855 that he was able to issue the much fuller Memoirs of the Life, Writings and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton, a work which embodied the results of more than 20 years ' investigation of original manuscripts and other available sources.

Its first meeting was held at York in 1831 ; and Brewster, along with Babbage and Sir John F. W. Herschel, had the chief part in shaping its constitution.

In 1801 its population was a mere 3, 175 ; by 1831 it had reached over ten thousand ; by 1891 it was almost sixty thousand, and the 2001 census reported over 85, 000 inhabitants.

In 1831 Nicholas crushed a major uprising in Congress Poland ; it would be followed by another large-scale Polish and Lithuanian revolt in 1863.

Several other experiments followed, with André-Marie Ampère, who in 1820 discovered that the magnetic field circulating in a closed-path was related to the current flowing through the perimeter of the path ; Carl Friedrich Gauss ; Jean-Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart, both of which in 1820 came up with the Biot-Savart Law giving an equation for the magnetic field from a current-carrying wire ; Michael Faraday, who in 1831 found that a time-varying magnetic flux through a loop of wire induced a voltage, and others finding further links between magnetism and electricity.

Masurians showed considerable support for the Polish uprising in 1831, and maintained many contacts with Russian-held areas of Poland beyond the border of Prussia, the areas being connected by common culture and language ; before the uprising people visited each other's country fairs and much trade took placw, with smuggling also widespread Some early writers about Masurians-like Max Toeppen-postulated them as mediators between German and Slav cultures.

In that sketch he acknowledged that Patrick Matthew had, unknown to Wallace or himself, anticipated the concept of natural selection in an appendix to a book published in 1831 ; in the fourth edition he mentioned that William Charles Wells had done so as early as 1813.

Another remnant led by John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay formed the National Republicans in 1828 ; It held its first convention in late 1831 in Baltimore.

Only in 1831 their correspondence resumed ; it continued in sporadic fashion until Johanna's death in 1838.

Nevertheless, the vast majority of individuals were unable to vote ; the size of the English county electorate in 1831 has been estimated at only 200, 000.

He believed, it is said, in his own oath and in respecting other people's rights as well as his own ; witness Poland before 1831 and Hungary in 1849.

Initially known as New Lancaster, and later shortened by city ordinance ( 1805 ), the town quickly grew ; formal incorporation as a city came in 1831.

The Congress of Vienna ( 1815 ) awarded the settlements of Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo in the Guiana region to Great Britain ; they were united as British Guiana in 1831.

* Socrate Polara ( 1800 – 1860 ) ( Italy ), founded the first dedicated ophthalmology clinic in Sicily in 1829 entirely as a philanthropic endeavor ; later appointed as the first director of the ophthalmology department at the Grand Hospital of Palermo, Sicily ( Italy ) in 1831 after the Sicilian government became convinced of the importance of state support for the specialization.

Leopold I ( Leopold Georges Chrétien Frederic ; ; Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, later Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony ; 16 December 1790 – 10 December 1865 ) was from 21 July 1831 the first King of the Belgians, following Belgium's independence from the Netherlands.

* Theobald ( 1802 – 1881 ; George Pontifex's fourth child ; marries Christina Allaby July 1831 ; has 3 children )

* Christina Pontifex ( née Allaby ; wife of Theobald Pontifex ; married July 1831 ; died ca. 1863-65 ).

Hegel ( 1770 – 1831 ) challenged Kant's doctrine of the unknowable thing-in-itself, and declared that by knowing phenomena more fully we can gradually arrive at a consciousness of the absolute and spiritual truth of Divinity, most notably in his Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, published in 1807.

Despite his popular reputation he was hesitant in 1831 about aiding the Sultan of Turkey, who was under threat from Muhammad Ali, the pasha of Egypt.

His 1824 opera Il crociato in Egitto was the first to bring him Europe-wide reputation, but it was Robert le diable ( 1831 ) which raised his status to great celebrity.

They were heard during the next Parliamentary session in 1831, and both passed ; they " by no means established for him the reputation of a skilful legislator ... the judges have found it infinitely difficult to put a reasonable construction upon them ".

His 1836 memoir on the Geology of Coalbrookdale, based upon observations made during 1831 and 1832, established his reputation as a geologist.

This picture, exhibited at the Salon of 1827, achieved undoubted success and was bought for the Luxembourg by Charles X ; but the work which appeared in 1831 the " Summer Reapers arriving in the Pontine Marshes " ( Louvre ), which became the property of Louis Philippe established the artist's reputation.

In 1831 he published a translation of Tibullus, and acquired by it an unmerited reputation for scholarship which secured for him an appointment as sub-librarian at the national library.

Though his ingratitude was proverbial, and his moral character of the worst, when he died in 1831 he left behind him many friends, a host of admirers, and a great but ephemeral literary reputation.