Secret ballots were introduced, and a bicameral parliament was elected on 9 March 1857, by which time 109, 917 people lived in the province.

* 1857 – " The Spirits Book " by Allan Kardec is published, marking the birth of Spiritualism in France.

Decipherment of cuneiform was a formidable task that took more than a decade, but by 1857, the Royal Asiatic Society was convinced that reliable reading of cuneiform texts was possible.

The Round Reading Room, which was designed by the architect Sydney Smirke, opened in 1857.

In 1846 Robert Smirke was replaced as the Museum's architect by his brother Sydney Smirke, whose major addition was the Round Reading Room 1854 – 1857 ; at in diameter it was then the second widest dome in the world, the Pantheon in Rome being slightly wider.

The 44-metre tall monument to Sir Walter Raleigh Gilbert was built in 1857 by the townspeople of Bodmin to honour the soldier's life and work in India.

Among these actions were the Seven Years ' War, the American Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars, the First and Second Opium Wars, the Boxer Rebellion, the New Zealand land wars, the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the First and Second Boer Wars, the Fenian raids, the Irish War of Independence, its serial interventions into Afghanistan ( which were meant to maintain a friendly buffer state between British India and the Russian Empire ), and the Crimean War ( to keep the Russian Empire at a safe distance by coming to Turkey's aid ).

By 1857, tensions had again escalated between Mormons and other Americans, largely as a result of accusations involving polygamy and the theocratic rule of the Utah territory by Brigham Young.

The Utah Mormon War ensued from 1857 to 1858, which resulted in the relatively peaceful invasion of Utah by the United States Army, after which Young agreed to step down from power and be replaced by a non-Mormon territorial governor, Alfred Cumming.

The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded upon by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 and mathematically elaborated upon by Rudolf Clausius in 1857 and 66 from which the concept of entropy emerged.

The term " Canadian English " is first attested in a speech by the Reverend A. Constable Geikie in an address to the Canadian Institute in 1857.

* The Professor, written before Jane Eyre, submitted at first along with Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey, then separately, and rejected in either form by many publishing houses, published posthumously in 1857

** In the former doge-state Venice, and while it was a republic resisting annexation by either the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia or the Austrian empire, a former Chief Executive ( president, 23 March 18485 July 1848 ), Daniele Manin ( b. 1804-d. 1857 ), was styled Dictator 11 – 13 August 1848 before joining the 13 August 1848-7 March 1849 Triumvirate.

During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, some British officials suggested restoring Peshawar to Dost Mohammad, in return for his support against the rebellious sepoys of the Bengal Army, but this view was rejected by British political officers on the North West frontier, who believed that Dost Mohammad would see this as a sign of weakness and turn against the British.

His grandfather, an amateur naturalist by the name of Walter Drawbridge Crick ( 1857 – 1903 ), wrote a survey of local foraminifera ( single-celled protists with shells ), corresponded with Charles Darwin, and had two gastropods ( snails or slugs ) named after him.

In 1857 Nepveu negotiated a contract to build a railway bridge over the river Garonne at Bordeaux, connecting the Paris-Bordeaux line to the lines running to Sète and Bayonne, which involved the construction of a iron girder bridge supported by six pairs of masonry piers on the river bed.

It was also effectively used by Tatya Tope and Rani Laxmibai in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, as well as by Pazhassi Raja of Kerala to fight the British.

In December 1857, Charles Scammon, in the brig Boston, along with his schooner-tender Marin, entered Laguna Ojo de Liebre ( Jack-Rabbit Spring Lagoon ) or later known as Scammon's Lagoon ( by 1860 ) and found one of the gray's last refuges.

Another factor was the findings of the Palliser Expedition of 1857 to 1860, led by Captain John Palliser.

Dissatisfaction with Company rule led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, after which the British provinces of India were directly administered by the British Crown and witnessed a period of both rapid development of infrastructure and economic decline.

The Indian rebellion of 1857 was a large-scale rebellion by soldiers employed by the British East India in northern and central India against the Company's rule.

In 1857 Charles Newton was to discover the 4th-century BC Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

#** Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte ( 1803 – 1857 ), ornithologist and politician married Princess Zénaïde Bonaparte ( 1801 – 1854 )

* 1936 – Charles Harding Firth, British historian ( b. 1857 )

Basing his ideas on those of predecessors such as Williamson, Edward Frankland, William Odling, Auguste Laurent, Charles Adolphe Wurtz and others, Kekulé was the principal formulator of the theory of chemical structure ( 1857 – 58 ).

* 1857 – Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal is published.

The second French school was Symbolism, which literary historians see beginning with the poet Charles Baudelaire ( 1861 – 67 ) ( Les fleurs du mal, 1857 ), and including the later poets, Arthur Rimbaud ( 1854 – 91 ), Paul Verlaine ( 1844 – 96 ), Stéphane Mallarmé ( 1842 – 98 ), and Paul Valéry ( 1871 – 1945 ).

* 1857 – Charles Harding Firth, British historian ( d. 1936 )

* 1952 – Charles Scott Sherrington, English scientist, Nobel laureate ( b. 1857 )

In 1857, two years before the publication of Charles Darwin's, Origin of Species, Gosse published Omphalos: an Attempt to Untie the Geological Knot and thereby created what has been called the Omphalos hypothesis.

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* 1926 – Léon Charles Thévenin, French engineer ( b. 1857 )

* September 21 – Leon Charles Thevenin, French telegraph engineer ( b. 1857 )

* June 21 – Battle of Bomarsund in the Åland Islands ( which later became part of Finland-in 1920 :) The Royal Navy seaman's mate Charles D. Lucas throws a live Russian artillery shell overboard by hand before it explodes, for which he was awarded the first Victoria Cross in 1857.

* May 24 – Charles Lucien Bonaparte, French naturalist and ornithologist ( d. 1857 )

In 1837, Charles Wheatstone produced a " speaking machine " based on von Kempelen's design, and in 1857, M. Faber built the " Euphonia ".

Ponzi did not invent the scheme ( for example, Charles Dickens ' 1844 novel Martin Chuzzlewitt and 1857 novel Little Dorrit each described such a scheme ), but his operation took in so much money that it was the first to become known throughout the United States.

It was led by the artist and writer William Morris ( 1834 – 1896 ) and the architect Charles Voysey ( 1857 – 1941 ) during the 1860s, and was inspired by the writings of John Ruskin ( 1819 – 1900 ) and Augustus Pugin ( 1812 – 1852 ).

Charles Francis Annesley Voysey ( 1857 – 1941 ) was an Arts and Crafts architect who also designed fabrics, tiles, ceramics, furniture and metalwork.

* John Scott – Matilda ( 1827 ), The Colonel ( 1828 ), Rowton ( 1829 ), Margrave ( 1832 ), Touchstone ( 1834 ), Don John ( 1838 ), Charles the Twelfth ( 1839 ), Launcelot ( 1840 ), Satirist ( 1841 ), The Baron ( 1845 ), Newminster ( 1851 ), West Australian ( 1853 ), Warlock ( 1856 ), Imperieuse ( 1857 ), Gamester ( 1859 ), The Marquis ( 1862 )

* 1857 A Methodist circuit rider holds the county ’ s first religious service in the cabin of Charles Mullin.

In Histoire des nations civilisées du Mexique et de l ' Amérique Centrale ( 1857 ), Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg claimed Votan was an ancient Phoenician legislateur who had migrated from the Middle East to the Maya area, defeated a race called the Quiname, built the city of Palenque, and established an empire called Xibalba that was postulated by Brasseur de Bourbourg to have once covered all of Mexico and part of the United States.

In literature, the style had its beginnings with the publication Les Fleurs du mal ( The Flowers of Evil, 1857 ) by Charles Baudelaire.