Now, although the roots of the mystery story in serious literature go back as far as Balzac, Dickens, and Poe, it was not until the closing decades of the 19th century that the private detective became an established figure in popular fiction.

This Europeanization of the law was made explicit by a number of 19th century scholars.

The Civil War was a significant force in the eventual dominance of the singular usage by the end of the 19th century.

In the zoological sciences, some of his observations were confirmed to be accurate only in the 19th century.

His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.

With the Prior Analytics, Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th century advances in mathematical logic.

The term was originally coined in the 19th century by the founding sociologist and philosopher of science, Auguste Comte, and has become a major topic for psychologists ( especially evolutionary psychology researchers ), evolutionary biologists, and ethologists.

From its beginnings in the early 19th century through the early 20th century, anthropology in the United States was influenced by the presence of Native American societies.

In Greece, there was since the 19th century a science of the folklore called laographia ( laography ), in the form of " a science of the interior ", although theoretically weak ; but the connotation of the field deeply changed after World War II, when a wave of Anglo-American anthropologists introduced a science " of the outside ".

The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century ; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century.

Early 19th century.

In the Middle Bronze Age an apparently " alphabetic " system known as the Proto-Sinaitic script is thought by some to have been developed in the Sinai peninsula during the 19th century BC, by Canaanite workers in the Egyptian turquoise mines.

From the 19th century it once again became more and more popular.

Yombe people | Yombe-sculpture, 19th century

Portugal has been present in Angola for 400 years, occupied the territory in the 19th and early 20th century, and ruled over it for about 50 years.

Distinctions in vocabulary persist, for example, in culinary terms, where communication with Germans is frequently difficult, and administrative and legal language, which is due to Austria's exclusion from the development of a German nation-state in the late 19th century and its manifold particular traditions.

Until the late 19th century, the axiom of choice was often used implicitly, although it had not yet been formally stated.

The Iron is a famous 19th century landmark in central Norrköping

The museum can be found in the 19th century building The Iron in the Motala ström river in central Norrköping.

With the beginning of the slow decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century, and as a result of the expansionist policies of Czarist Russia in the Caucasus, many Muslim nations and groups in that region, mainly Circassians, Tatars, Azeris, Lezgis, Chechens, and several Turkic groups left their ancestral homelands and settled in Anatolia.

Later in the 19th century, other missionaries adapted Evans ' system to other Canadian aboriginal languages.

Charles Dickens was a prominent English author of the 19th century.

Leo Tolstoy was a prominent Russian author of the 19th century.

After World War II thousands of resistance fighters ( including former members of the pre-WWII Aizsargi and 19th Latvian Waffen SS division ) participated in unsuccessful guerrilla warfare against the Soviet regime.

On 13 April 1944 he was appointed commander of the 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS ( 2nd Latvian ), taking over from deputy commander SS-Standartenführer Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock ( former leader of the unit, SS-Oberführer Hinrich Schuldt, had been killed in action when visiting the frontlines in March ).

* 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS ( 2nd Latvian )

The Latvian government has asserted that the Latvian Legion, primarily composed of the 15th and 19th Latvian Waffen-SS divisions, was neither a criminal nor collaborationist organization.

A reconnaissance soldier in the 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS ( 2nd Latvian ), he was recruited with 15 other Latvians into a Nazi stay-behind unit at the close of the war.

The Balts east of a slight ridge at Viļaka were gradually Russified from the 15 – 16th centuries, but the philologists August Johann Gottfried Bielenstein and Kārlis Mīlenbahs, conducting linguistic field research in the area in the late 19th and early 20th century, found that many people, called " Russian Latvians " by the local Russians, still spoke the High Latvian dialect.

** 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS ( 2nd Latvian )

*** 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS ( 2nd Latvian ), ( Kampfgruppe )

The name is one of the relatively few surviving Latvian names of indigenous origin from among the great number revived or introduced during the Latvian National Awakening of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Ethnographic map of European Turkey from the late 19th.

Ethnographic map of the Balkans in the end of the 19th century

Traditional bathtub ( 19th century ) Museo Etnografico del Ponente Ligure | Ethnographic Museum of Western Liguria, Cervo, Liguria | Cervo, Italy

Ethnographic map of the Balkans in the end of the 19th century

As early as the 16th century, many eminent people correctly believed that the North Pole was in a sea, which in the 19th century was called the Polynya or Open Polar Sea.

** Steffi Graf defeats Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the longest ever women's final at the French Open, to win her 19th Grand Slam title.

Open pollinated varieties of white sweet corn started to become widely available in the United States in the 19th century.

Generally bilateral, in the late 19th and early 20th century unilateral " most favoured nation " clauses were imposed on Asian nations by the more powerful Western countries ( see Open Door Policy ).

The Russian guitar, a seven-string acoustic guitar tuned to the Open G tuning, ( DGBDGbd ) arrived in the beginning of the 19th century in Russia, most probably as a development of the cittern, the kobza and the torban.

Petrova was seeded 19th at the 2003 US Open and defeated 14th seed Amanda Coetzer 6 – 0, 6 – 1 in the third round.

Seeded 19th at the 2010 Australian Open, Petrova reached the third round by defeating Edina Gallovits 6 – 3, 6 – 4 and Kaia Kanepi 6 – 4, 6 – 4.

At the 2010 Sony Ericsson Open in Miami, Petrova was again seeded 16th but fell in the third round to 19th seed Daniela Hantuchová 6 – 2, 6 – 4.

Petrova was seeded 19th at the 2010 French Open.

In the American Hardcourt Swing after the 2001 Australian Open he made the quarter finals of the Miami Masters losing to 19th seed Jan-Michael Gambill 3 – 6, 7 – 5 6 – 4.

* Ringling Collection of images of 19th century American and British actors and actresses – Open access digital collection

For its authentic 19th century buildings, the Open Air Museum of Bokrijk, Flanders was used as scenery for the 1975 and 1992 anime and the 1999 film.

At the Australian Open, Hantuchová was seeded 19th and defeated home favourite Casey Dellacqua in their first-round match, 7 – 6 ( 11 ), 6 – 4.

Jessica is a professional golfer, and finished 19th in the 2008 U. S. Women's Open as a 15-year-old, with Korda as her caddy.

It was her 19th career Grand Slam title, and her 5th French Open title.

Upon his return, he won the Winston Open and finished a then-career-best 19th in points and a total of $ 1, 139, 860 in winnings for 1997.

He received a sponsor's exemption to the PGA Tour's Shell Houston Open and did well finishing 19th and receiving a $ 74, 000 paycheck.