The Glagolitic alphabet is believed to have been created by Saints Cyril and Methodius, while the Cyrillic alphabet was invented by the Bulgarian scholar Clement of Ohrid, who was their disciple.

* 1018 – Byzantine general Eustathios Daphnomeles blinds and captures Ibatzes of Bulgaria by a ruse, thereby ending Bulgarian resistance against Emperor Basil II's conquest of Bulgaria.

The Emperor's attempts to bolster the empire's defenses by special concessions to Byzantine and Bulgarian notables in the frontier zone backfired, as the latter built up regional autonomy.

Andronikos III's attempt to make up for this setback by annexing Bulgarian Thrace failed in 1332, when he was defeated by the new Bulgarian Emperor Ivan Alexander at Rousokastron.

Since 1990, Bulgaria has an unstable party system, in the past two decades differently dominated by the post-communist Bulgarian Socialist Party or by the right Union of Democratic Forces and recently by the new right-oriented party-Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria.

Their government collapsed in late 1992, and was succeeded by a technocratic team, put forward by the Bulgarian Socialist Party ( BSP ), which served until 1994, when the president dissolved the government and appointed a provisional one to serve until the pre-term elections, appointed for December in the same year.

Throughout the postwar period, economic progress also was assisted substantially by a level of internal and external political stability unseen in other East European countries during the same period, that was also a change in Bulgarian political scene was a lot of turbulence preceded the ascent to power of the BCP.

Unlike the communist parties in most other East European states, the BCP ( changing its name to Bulgarian Socialist Party ) retained majority power after the transition in Bulgaria by winning the first free national elections in June 1990.

The fiscal discipline set by Finance Minister Djankov proved successful and together with reduced budget spending it placed Bulgarian economy on the stage of steadily though slowly growing in the mids of world crisis.

No territorial changes were made to either country, but the Bulgarian unification was recognized by the Great Powers.

The initial Bulgarian attack by First and Third Army defeated the Turkish forces, numbering some 130, 000, and reached the Sea of Marmara.

New Turkish forces landed at Bulair and Şarköy but after heavy fighting they were crushed and overthrown by the newly formed 4th Bulgarian army under the command of General Stiliyan Kovachev.

One year later, during the third battle of Doiran, the United Kingdom, supported by Greece, once again suffered a humiliating defeat, losing 3, 155 men against just about 500 for the Bulgarian side.

The 261 Frenchmen who survived were captured by Bulgarian soldiers.

Bulgaria was determined to observe it until the end of the war ; but it hoped for bloodless territorial gains, especially in the lands with a significant Bulgarian population occupied by neighbouring countries after the Second Balkan War and World War I.

The Bulgarian government declared a token war on the United Kingdom and the United States near the end of 1941, an act which resulted in the bombing of Sofia and other Bulgarian cities by Allied aircraft.

Some communist activists managed to activate a guerrilla movement headed by the underground Bulgarian Communist Party.

* Aktsionerno drujestvo ( акционерно дружество ), a Bulgarian name for a type of company

In the Middle Bulgarian period this name was gradually replaced by the name языкъ блъгарьскъ, the " Bulgarian language ".

In some cases, the name языкъ блъгарьскъ was used not only with regard to the contemporary Middle Bulgarian language of the copyist but also to the period of Old Bulgarian.

* Bulgarian name, names of Bulgarians

* Committee for State Security, a former name for the Bulgarian secret service

For example, some Serbian, Bulgarian, and Croatian dances share the same or similar dances, and sometimes even use the same name and music for those dances.

The name Glagolitic in Belarusian is глаголіца ( hłaholica ), Bulgarian, Macedonian and Russian глаголица ( glagolica ), Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian glagoljica / глагољица, Czech hlaholice, Polish głagolica, Slovene, Slovak hlaholika, and Ukrainian глаголиця ( hlaholyća ).

Use of the name " Sklavines " as a nation on its own was discontinued in Byzantine records after circa 836 as those Slavs in the Macedonia region became a population in the First Bulgarian Empire.

Originally two distinct peoples, Sklavines and Bulgars, the Bulgars assimilated the Slavic language / identity whilst maintaining the Bulgarian demonym and name of the empire.

In some Bulgarian folk tales that originated during the Ottoman period, the name appears as an antagonist to a local wise man, named Sly Peter.

** After 45 years of Communist rule in Bulgaria, Bulgarian Communist Party leader Todor Zhivkov is replaced by Foreign Minister Petar Mladenov, who changes the party's name to the Bulgarian Socialist Party.

* Bulgarian name

On January 4, 1990 the activists of the movement registered an organization with the legal name « Movement for Rights and Freedom » ( MRF ) ( in Bulgarian: Движение за права и свободи: in Turkish: Hak ve Özgürlükler Hareketi ) in the Bulgarian city of Varna.

In Slavic languages and in Chinese, this day's name is " fourth " ( Slovak štvrtok, Czech čtvrtek, Croatian and Bosnian četvrtak, Polish czwartek, Russian " четверг " četverg, Bulgarian " четвъртък ", Serbian " четвртак ", Macedonian " четврток ", Ukrainian " четвер " chetver, Slovene četrtek .).

The name was last used in the 19th century in a Bulgarian text, Service and hagiography of Saint George the New of Sofia:.

The Bulgarian name Sredets (), which is related to среда sreda ( middle ), first appeared in the 11th-century Vision of Daniel and was widely used in the Middle Ages.

The current name Sofia was first used in the 14th-century Vitosha Charter of Bulgarian tsar Ivan Shishman or in a Ragusan merchant's notes of 1376 ; it refers to the famous Holy Sophia Church, an ancient church in the city named after the Christian concept of the Holy Wisdom.

Afterwards, it was known by the Bulgarian name " Sredets " and grew into an important fortress and administrative centre.

* 1986 – Kaloyan Ivanov, Bulgarian basketball player

* 1199: Pope Innocent III writes to Kaloyan, inviting him to unite the Bulgarian Church with the Roman Catholic Church.

* Tsar Kaloyan is recognized as king of Bulgaria by Pope Innocent III after the creation of the Bulgarian Uniate church.

In 1201, Kaloyan took over the Varna fortress, then in Byzantine hands, on Holy Saturday using a siege tower, and secured it for the Second Bulgarian Empire.

Unlike in Asia, where the Latin Empire faced only an initially weak Nicaea, in Europe it was immediately confronted with a powerful enemy: the Bulgarian tsar Kaloyan.

Kaloyan was murdered a couple of years later ( 1207 ) during a siege of Thessalonica, and the Bulgarian threat conclusively defeated with a victory the following year, which allowed Baldwin's successor, Henry of Flanders, to reclaim most of the lost territories in Thrace until 1210, when peace was concluded with the marriage of Henry to Maria of Bulgaria, tsar Kaloyan's daughter.

During the existence of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, the Crusaders were decisively defeated by the Bulgarian Emperor Kaloyan in the battle of Adrianople ( 1205 ).

Boniface was killed in an ambush by the Bulgarians on September 4, 1207, and his head was sent to Bulgarian Tsar Kaloyan.

Kaloyan is notable for managing to stabilize the tsar's power and the Second Bulgarian Empire's position as a regional power thanks to his successful campaigns against the Latin Empire.

Wanting to bear the title of Emperor and to restore the prestige, wealth and size of the First Bulgarian Empire, Kaloyan responded in 1202.

Kaloyan also wanted the Papacy to recognize the head of the Bulgarian Church as a Patriarch.

The Byzantine historian from 13th century Theodor Scutariota named Kaloyan " the Bulgarian Ioan " or " Bulgarian basileus " and wrote about " Bulgarians ", " Bulgarian land ", " Bulgarian matters "; also he defined Ivan Asen I as " tsar of the Bulgarians ".

In his correspondence with him, Pope Innocent III suggested that Kaloyan was descended both from the emperors of the First Bulgarian Empire, and from the nobility of the city of Rome.

Nine years later in 1205 the Bulgarian Emperor Kaloyan defeated here an army of the Latin Empire and incorporated the town in the Bulgarian Empire.

The portraits of the patrons of the church — Sebastocrator Kaloyan and his wife Desislava, as well as those of Bulgarian tsar Constantine Tikh and Tsaritsa Irina, are thought to be among the most impressive and lifelike frescoes in the church, and are located on the north wall of the church.

The expressive realistic portraits of the donors Sebastocrator Kaloyan and his wife Dessislava, and of the Bulgarian Tsar Constantine Asen Tikh and Tsaritsa Irina-painted with precision, extraordinary skill and feeling-are among the oldest portraits of figures from Bulgarian history.

The Cuman participation in the creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185 and thereafter brought about basic changes in the political and ethnic sphere of Bulgaria and the Balkans The Cumans were allies with Bulgaria's emperor Kaloyan, who was also descended from the Cumans, in the Bulgarian-Latin Wars.

Following the example of Boris I, Bulgarian Tsar Kaloyan manoeuvred for years between the Patriarch of Constantinople and Pope Innocent III.

In 1204 the Bulgarian Tsar Kaloyan ( 1197-1207 ) formed a short-lived union between the Roman Catholic Church and the Bulgarian Orthodox Church as a political tactic to balance the religious power of the Byzantine Empire.