The red atoms highlight the aldehyde group, and the blue atoms highlight the chirality ( chemistry ) | asymmetric center furthest from the aldehyde ; because this-OH is on the right of the Fischer projection, this is a D sugar.

The assignment of D or L is made according to the orientation of the asymmetric carbon furthest from the carbonyl group: in a standard Fischer projection if the hydroxyl group is on the right the molecule is a D sugar, otherwise it is an L sugar.

The Fischer projection is a systematic way of drawing the skeletal formula of an acyclic monosaccharide so that the handedness of each chiral carbon is well specified.

In the Fischer projection, two mirror-image isomers differ by having the positions of all chiral hydroxyls reversed right-to-left.

In the Fischer projection, one of the two glucose isomers has the hydroxyl at left on C3, and at right on C4 and C5 ; while the other isomer has the reversed pattern.

In the Fischer projection, the '-' and '-' prefixes specifies the configuration at the carbon atom that is second from bottom: '-' if the hydroxyl is on the right side, and '-' if it is on the left side.

The Fischer projection is mostly used for linear monosaccharides.

Nonetheless, the Fischer projection is a simple way of depicting multiple sequential stereocenters that does not require or imply any knowledge of actual conformation:

Image: DGlucose Fischer. svgFischer projection of-Glucose

Fischer projection of-glyceraldehyde

This means an aldose can exist in either a form or form of a Fischer projection.

* Fischer projection

* Hermann Emil Fischer ( 1852 – 1919 ), German chemist, 1902 Nobel prizewiner, and inventor of the Fischer projection

Visualizing a Fischer projection.

The Fischer projection, devised by Hermann Emil Fischer in 1891, is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional organic molecule by projection.

Fischer projection of D-Glyceraldehyde

A Fischer projection is used to differentiate between L-and D-molecules.

On a Fischer projection, the penultimate carbon of D sugars are depicted with hydrogen on the left and hydroxide on the right.

In a Fischer projection, all horizontal bonds project toward the viewer, while vertical bonds project away from the viewer.

Therefore, a Fischer projection cannot be rotated by 90 ° or 270 ° in the plane of the page or the screen, as the orientation of bonds relative to one another can change, converting a molecule to its enantiomer.

The classic synthesis is the Fischer esterification, which involves treating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a dehydrating agent:

According to M. S. Fischer, reconsideration of the Biogenetic Law is possible as a result of two fundamental innovations in biology since Haeckel's time: cladistics and developmental genetics.

Ricardo's idea was even expanded to the case of continuum of goods by Dornbusch, Fischer, and Samuelson This formulation is employed for example by Matsuyama and others.

The asymptotic running-time computational complexity of this decision problem is doubly exponential, however, as shown by Fischer and Rabin ( 1974 ).

Wrocław is now a unique European city of mixed heritage, with architecture influenced by Bohemian, Austrian and Prussian traditions, such as Silesian Gothic and its Baroque style of court builders of Habsburg Austria ( Fischer von Erlach ).

* Fischer — before a player has made his move, a specified time increment is added to his clock.

There is also a variant of this time control that adds the delay after a player makes his move ( Fischer after ), so the delay is added to the player's remaining time and is available for his next move.

But unlike Fischer, not always the maximum increment is added.

As Marcus and Fischer point out, however, this use of relativism can be sustained only if there is ethnographic research in the United States comparable to the research conducted in Samoa.

Indeed, his record of sixteen wins ( including victories against Fischer, Bronstein, and Karpov ), no losses, and a few draws with the King's Gambit is unmatched.

* Boris Spassky vs Robert Fischer, Siegen Olympiad 1970, Grunfeld Defence, Exchange Variation ( D87 ), 1 – 0 Fischer tries the Grunfeld again against Spassky, and the game is remarkably similar to their 1966 encounter.

" Consequently, in a roundabout way, Fischer opened up the alternative between either minimizing the expenses for closed care to below the existential minimum-and thus triggering mass mortality behind the institutional walls as during World War I-or continuing along the path to opening up the institutions, but then supplementing the open care for the mentally ill, mentally handicapped, and epileptic with eugenic prophylaxis-completely: by means of a sterilization program.

Do Not Lean Out, Nash, with Ansgar Elde and Jacqueline de Jong, stated that although there may be grounds to criticise the Spur group ( Ervin Eisch, Lothar Fischer, Dieter Kunzelmann, Renee Nele, Heimrad Prem, Gretel Stadler, Helmut Sturm and Hand-Peter Zimmer ), the way they had been expelled, and the SI itself, were totalitarian.

According to David Hackett Fischer in his book Liberty and Freedom, Crawford ’ s statue was … … very close to Jefferson Davis ’ s ideas in every way but one ….

Raymond Keene also uses the term in this way in analyzing Fischer – Bisguier, New York 1957.

Fischer complained that the Lutheran church had for too long glorified the state as a divinely sanctioned institution that could do no wrong, and thus paved the way for National Socialism.

Fischer was the first German historian to support the negative version of the " Sonderweg " or " special path "' interpretation of German history, which holds that the way German culture and society developed from the Reformation onwards ( or from a later time, such as the establishment of the German Reich of 1871 ) inexorably culminated in the Third Reich.

In the 2000 edition of The Nazi Dictatorship, Kershaw wrote he considered Gerhard Ritter's claim that one “ madman ” ( i. e. Hitler ) single-handedy caused World War II to that of a German apologist, and that he found the historical approach of Ritter ’ s arch-enemy Fritz Fischer to be a far better way of understanding German history.

Her stage name Bronhill, which she used from 1952, was an abbreviation of Broken Hill, which was her way of thanking her home town for its support in raising money to send her overseas for professional training as a singer — in the same way that Helen Porter Mitchell chose the stage name of Nellie Melba ( after Melbourne ), and that Florence Mary Wilson chose the stage name of Florence Austral and Elsie Mary Fischer chose the stage name Elsa Stralia ( after Australia ).

Fischer, who had expected something light, was unsatisfied with Friedell's analysis and critique of culture titled Ecce poeta, and the books was not promoted in any way.

Fritz Fischer argued in favor of a Sonderweg conception of German history that saw Nazism as the inevitable result of the way German society had developed.

Fischer proceeds through the aftermath, finishing with a discussion of how a new, American way of fighting developed during the campaign surrounding the crossing.

Fischer notes that the telegram reporting these " vague " assurances arrived 12 minutes before the despatch of the suspending telegram and that Bethmann himself justified the cancellation that way, while acknowledging that before then Bethmann had already prepared, but not yet sent, a telegram to Vienna explaining that he had " cancelled execution of instructions in No. 200, because the General Staff has just informed me that military measures of our neighbors, especially in the east, compel speedy decision if we are not to be taken by surprise.

Fischer died in St. Thomas's Hospital, London, on 18 April 1940 after having been knocked down by a lorry and seriously injured the previous week, while on his way to sit on a Conscientious Objectors ’ Tribunal during the blackout.

Freyre is considered to be the " father " of lusotropicalism: the theory whereby miscegenation had been a positive force in Brazil (" miscegenation " at that time tended to be viewed in a negative way, like in the theories of Eugen Fischer and Charles Davenport.

David Hackett Fischer, for his part, writes that historians cannot avoid making moral judgments and ought to make them, but that they should be aware of their biases, and write history in such a way that their biases do not create a distorted depiction of the past.