A proposed etymology of the name is Luwian pihassas, meaning " lightning ", and Pihassassi, a local Luwian-Hittite name in southern Cilicia of a weather god represented with thunder and lightning.

This is an etymology based on priatos " ransomed "; the actual etymology of the name is probably not Greek, but perhaps Lydian or Luwian in origin.

In 2006, Frederik Woudhuizen suggested that Etruscan belongs to the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European family, specifically to Luwian.

Traditional view held that the name " Magnesia " derived from the tribe of Magnetes who would have immigrated here from Thessaly at the dawn of the region's recorded history, although a connection with native Anatolian languages has also been suggested of recent date, particularly on the basis of discoveries made in the Hittite archives treating the Luwian western Anatolia.

He accounts for the non-Luwian features as a Mysian influence: " deviations from Luwian ... may plausibly be ascribed to the dialect of the indigenous population of Mysia.

It is a matter of considerable scholarly debate whether the biblical " Hittites " signified any or all of: 1 ) the original Hattians ; 2 ) their Indo-European conquerors ( Nesili ), who retained the name " Hatti " for Central Anatolia, and are today referred to as the " Hittites " ( the subject of this article ); or 3 ) a Canaanite group who may or may not have been related to either or both of the Anatolian groups, and who also may or may not be identical with the later Neo-Hittite ( Luwian ) polities.

The theory for the Luwian origin of Minoan, however, failed to gain universal support for the following reasons:

Sarah Morris demonstrated ( Morris 2004 ) that donkeys ' ears were a Bronze Age royal attribute, borne by King Tarkasnawa ( Greek Tarkondemos ) of Mira, on a seal inscribed in both Hittite cuneiform and Luwian hieroglyphs: in this connection, the myth would appear for Greeks, to justify the exotic attribute.

For example, the Philistine word for captain, ' seren ', may be related to the Greek word tyrannos ( thought by linguists to have been borrowed by the Greeks from an Anatolian language, such as Luwian or Lydian ).

The tree uses two meanings for Luwian, the whole group, and just Cuneiform and Hieroglyphic, and this ambiguity is endemic to the history of the word.

Other linguists, following Melchert, prefer to use Luwic for the branch and Luwian for CLuwian and HLuwian.

Luwian has also been adduced as one of the likely candidates for the language spoken by the Trojans.

Luwian has also been enlisted for its verb kalut ( t ) i ( ya )-, which means " make the rounds of " and is probably derived from * kalutta / i-" circle ".

Where Hittite allows the classically Indo-European suffix-as for the singular genitive and-an for the plural genitive, the " canonical " Luwian as used in cuneiform employed instead a possessive suffix-assa for the singular genitive and-assanz-for the plural genitive.

It is, however, possible to account for the Luwian possessive construction as a result of case attraction in the Indo-European noun phrase.

Later in 1323 BC, King Arnuwandas II was able to write to Karkiya for them to provide asylum for the deposed Manapa-Tarhunta of " the land of the Seha River ", one of the principalities within the Luwian Arzawa complex in western Anatolia.

Taken as a whole, Hittite records seem to point at a Luwian ancestry for the Carians and as such, they would have lost their literacy through the Dark Age of Anatolia.

The original Sumerian script was adapted for the writing of the Akkadian, Eblaite, Elamite, Hittite, Luwian, Hattic, Hurrian, and Urartian languages, and it inspired the Ugaritic and Old Persian alphabets.

Sacred and magical texts from Hattusa were often written in Hattic, Hurrian, and Luwian, even after Hittite became the norm for other writings.

Urartian was also rarely written in the " Anatolian hieroglyphs " used for the Luwian language.

Luwian Apaliunas, Hurrian Aplu, Etruscan Apulu, Homeric Greek: Ἀπόλλων, that is, ( λω ), Latin Apollo.

Luwian Apaliunas, Etruscan Apulu, Greek Apollo.

He makes a number of comparisons of Etruscan to Luwian and asserts that Etruscan is modified Luwian.

One analysis shows that the majority were, however, Hurrian ( a non Semitic group from Asia Minor who spoke a Language Isolate ), though there were a number of Semites and even some Kassite and Luwian adventurers amongst their number.

The Phoenician name of the people recalls one of the Homeric names of the Greeks, Danaoi with the-m plural, whereas the Luwian name Hiyawa probably goes back to Hittite Ahhiyā ( wa ), which is, according to most interpretations, the " Achaean ", or Mycenaean Greek, settlement in Asia Minor.

For example, Luraghi's Luwian branch begins with a root language, " Luwian Group ", which logically is in the place of Common Luwian or Proto-Luwian.

On the other hand, Amanara, the root name referred to in the word Amanariotissa, being non-Greek, conjectural attempts have been made to explain the structure of the word through syncope, with the end corresponding to the Luwian language adjective " ura " ( big ), and the first part attachable to the deity name Amun or to proper nouns such as Amana and Amanus Mountains inter alia, transmitted here either through a Luwian connection once again or through the cult of Ammon well known to have been introduced into Greece at an early period or by the same token that led to the appellation of the ancient city of Larissa, within eyesight from the northern flank of the mountain, as " Egyptian Larissa ", or to an interaction of these possibilities.

In one sense it refers to language written in two different scripts, Cuneiform Luwian, or CLuwian, and Hieroglyphic Luwian, or HLuwian.

Some linguists name the branch " the Luwian Group " or just " Luwian ," and in that sense Luwian means all the Luwian languages.

Modern scholars derive his name from the Luwian compound Priya-muwa -, which means " exceptionally courageous ".

The inscription is dated to c. 700 BC, and the person speaking in it, ’- z-t-w-d ( Phoenician ) / Azatiwataš ( Luwian ), professes to be king of the d-n-n-y-m / Hiyawa, and describes his dynasty as " the house of M-p-š / Mukšuš ".

In western Anatolia, many toponyms with the "- ss -" infix derive from the adjectival suffix also seen in cuneiform Luwian and some Palaic ; the classic example is Bronze Age Tarhuntassa ( loosely, " City of the Storm God Tarhunta "), and later Parnassus may be related to the Hittite word parna-or " house ".

" The Origin of Luwian Possessive Adjectives ".

The former name Laranda which in turn comes from the Luwian language Larawanda, literally " sandy, a sandy place ".

His Hittite and Luwian name was Tarhun ( with variant stem forms Tarhunt, Tarhuwant, Tarhunta ), although this name is from the Hittite root * tarh-" to defeat, conquer ".

This has been widely classified as a folk etymology, and numerous speculative etymologies, many of them non-Greek, have been suggested in scholarship.

Another non-Greek etymology suggested by M. Hammarström, looks to Etruscan, comparing ( e ) pruni " lord ", an Etruscan honorific loaned into Greek as πρύτανις.

Since the later discovery of the electron, an easier to remember, and more durably correct technically although historically false, etymology has been suggested: anode, from the Greek anodos, ' way up ', ' the way ( up ) out of the cell ( or other device ) for electrons '.

The latter etymology was first suggested by John Mitchell Kemble who alluded that " of six manuscripts in which this passage occurs, one only reads Bretwalda: of the remaining five, four have Bryten-walda or-wealda, and one Breten-anweald, which is precisely synonymous with Brytenwealda "; that Æthelstan was called brytenwealda ealles ðyses ealondes, which Kemble translates as " ruler of all these islands "; and that bryten-is a common prefix to words meaning ' wide or general dispersion ' and that the similarity to the word bretwealh (' Briton ') is " merely accidental ".

Since the later discovery of the electron, an easier to remember, and more durably technically correct ( although historically false ), etymology has been suggested: cathode, from the Greek kathodos, ' way down ', ' the way ( down ) into the cell ( or other device ) for electrons '.

As suggested by the etymology of the word, one of the earliest reasons for interest in geometry was surveying, and certain practical results from Euclidean geometry, such as the right-angle property of the 3-4-5 triangle, were used long before they were proved formally.

While this Hebrew name is not the etymology of Essaioi / Esseni, the Aramaic equivalent Hesi ' im known from Eastern Aramaic texts has been suggested.

However, this Irish etymology was suggested by Daniel Cassidy, whose work has been widely criticised by reputable linguists and scholars.

Alternatively, it has been also suggested that this is of non-Greek origin and probably of non-Indo-European origin too, while it is of an unknown etymology.

In 1907, Whitley Stokes suggested an etymology from Proto-Celtic * samani (' assembly '), cognate to Sanskrit sámana, and the Gothic samana.

A particularly fanciful etymology, suggested by James Skene in 1824, derives the word from Baumgericht ( Lit.

Zíbrt also ironically dismisses the etymology suggested by A. Fähnrich ( in Ein etymologisches Taschenbuch, Jiein, 1846 ) that it derives from the Bohemian word pole, i. e., " field ".

It has also been suggested that the λ of arose from an original ν, and thus the etymology of the name is connected with the root of Venus.

Though some scholars suggested that the Rugii passed their name to the isle of Rügen in modern Northeast Germany, other scholars presented alternative hypotheses of Rügen's etymology associating the name to the mediaeval Rani ( Rujani ) tribe.

It has been suggested that behind the vague outlines of this tale lurks an older myth having to do with Herakles ' encounter with the river deity Achelous, who had chthonic associations and whose name was the subject of speculative theological etymology among the Greeks, in this case involving acherōïs, another Greek word for " poplar.

Wackernagel had produced an Indian etymology in 1907 ; in 1925 A. H. Sayce had suggested a connection to Hittite habiri (" looters ", " outlaws "), but subsequent discoveries have made this implausible on phonological grounds.

It has also been suggested that the gemination nn is typical to a Belgae language, being different from Celtic and thus impelling a Nordwestblock etymology that is also assumed to be closer to Germanic.

It has also been suggested that Dievs ( God ) is also a symbol of the sky because the etymology of his name seems to be related to sky.

An alternate etymology suggested by Prof. Pischel derives Rudra (" the Red, the Brilliant ") from a lost root rud -, " to be red " or " to be ruddy ", or according to Grassman, " to shine ".

" Études Celtiques 32 ( 1996 ), 87-90 .</ ref > Some have suggested that the name may derive from " Gwenhwy-fawr " or Gwenhwy the Great, contrasting the character to " Gwenhwy-fach " or Gwenhwy the less ; Gwenhwyfach appears in Welsh literature as a sister of Gwenhwyfar, but Welsh scholars Melville Richards and Rachel Bromwich, both dismiss this etymology ( with Richards suggesting that Gwenhwyfach was a back-formation derived from an incorrect interpretation of Gwenwhy-far as Gwenhwy-fawr ).

It has been informally suggested in folk etymology that it is a shortened form of the word " pusillanimous ", which comes from Latin words meaning " tiny spirit " and is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as " showing a lack of courage or determination " or cowardly.

The very name thema is of uncertain etymology: it has been suggested that it came from the Chazar Turkic tūmān, " ten thousand men ", but most scholars follow Constantine Porphyrogennetos, who records that it originates from Greek thesis (" placement ").

Glick has suggested that Ṭārif is an invention designed to explain the etymology of Tarifa, the ancient Julia Traducta, of which " Julian " was probably the ( unnamed ) Gothic count ( comes julianus ).

However, Bailey was never explicit about the etymology of the word, and it has been suggested that it is a contraction of the words cultigen and variety, which seems more appropriate.