A Luwian etymology suggested for Apaliunas makes Apollo " The One of Entrapment ", perhaps in the sense of " Hunter ".

Luwian Apaliunas, Etruscan Apulu, Greek Apollo.

One analysis shows that the majority were, however, Hurrian ( a non Semitic group from Asia Minor who spoke a Language Isolate ), though there were a number of Semites and even some Kassite and Luwian adventurers amongst their number.

*: * Cuneiform: Sumerian, Akkadian, other Semitic languages, Elamite, Hittite, Luwian, Hurrian, and Urartian

The special form of possessive adjectives with plural possessor is restricted to Kizzuwatna Luwian and probably represents a result of its structural interference with Hurrian.

The original Sumerian script was adapted for the writing of the Akkadian, Eblaite, Elamite, Hittite, Luwian, Hattic, Hurrian, and Urartian languages, and it inspired the Ugaritic and Old Persian alphabets.

Sacred and magical texts from Hattusa were often written in Hattic, Hurrian, and Luwian, even after Hittite became the norm for other writings.

This area and other parts of former Assyria to the east were renamed Syria, a Hurrian, Luwian and Greek corruption of Assyria.

She plays a role in Luwian texts and a minor role in Hittite texts, mainly in Hurrian rituals.

In 2006, Frederik Woudhuizen suggested that Etruscan belongs to the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European family, specifically to Luwian.

He makes a number of comparisons of Etruscan to Luwian and asserts that Etruscan is modified Luwian.

The Phoenician name of the people recalls one of the Homeric names of the Greeks, Danaoi with the-m plural, whereas the Luwian name Hiyawa probably goes back to Hittite Ahhiyā ( wa ), which is, according to most interpretations, the " Achaean ", or Mycenaean Greek, settlement in Asia Minor.

Ancient Anatolia is subdivided by modern scholars into various regions named after the various Indo-European ( and largely Hittite, Luwian or Greek speaking ) peoples that occupied them, such as Lydia, Lycia, Caria, Mysia, Bithynia, Phrygia, Galatia, Lycaonia, Pisidia, Paphlagonia, Cilicia, and Cappadocia.

Sarah Morris demonstrated ( Morris 2004 ) that donkeys ' ears were a Bronze Age royal attribute, borne by King Tarkasnawa ( Greek Tarkondemos ) of Mira, on a seal inscribed in both Hittite cuneiform and Luwian hieroglyphs: in this connection, the myth would appear for Greeks, to justify the exotic attribute.

This is an etymology based on priatos " ransomed "; the actual etymology of the name is probably not Greek, but perhaps Lydian or Luwian in origin.

For example, the Philistine word for captain, ' seren ', may be related to the Greek word tyrannos ( thought by linguists to have been borrowed by the Greeks from an Anatolian language, such as Luwian or Lydian ).

Caria (; from Luwian: Karuwa, " steep country "; Ancient Greek: Καρία, Karia ) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia ( Mycale ) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia.

The name does not appear to be Greek of origin (= Luwian " Lover of the Sun God "?).

Luwian hieroglyphic texts contain a limited number of lexical borrowings from Hittite, Akkadian, and Northwest Semitic ; the lexical borrowings from Greek are limited to proper nouns, although common nouns borrowed in the opposite direction do exist.

The remains of their material culture reveal close ties with Luwian other Anatolian groups, Thracians and Greek contact.

Especially the Luwian pantheon exerted a strong influence on the ancient Greek religion, while Assyro-Babylonian religion influenced Achaemenid-era Zoroastrianism and Judaism.

The general consensus amongst scholars is that Luwian was spoken — to a greater or lesser degree — across a large area of western Anatolia, including ( possibly ) Wilusa (= Troy ), the Seha River Land ( to be identified with the Hermos and / or Kaikos valley ), and the kingdom of Mira-Kuwaliya with its core territory of the Maeander valley.

It is a matter of considerable scholarly debate whether the biblical " Hittites " signified any or all of: 1 ) the original Hattians ; 2 ) their Indo-European conquerors ( Nesili ), who retained the name " Hatti " for Central Anatolia, and are today referred to as the " Hittites " ( the subject of this article ); or 3 ) a Canaanite group who may or may not have been related to either or both of the Anatolian groups, and who also may or may not be identical with the later Neo-Hittite ( Luwian ) polities.

The cultural ancestors appear to have been associated with or part of the Luwian political entity of Arzawa ; yet Lydian is not part of the Luwian subgroup ( as is Carian and Lycian ).

A proposed etymology of the name is Luwian pihassas, meaning " lightning ", and Pihassassi, a local Luwian-Hittite name in southern Cilicia of a weather god represented with thunder and lightning.

The inscription is dated to c. 700 BC, and the person speaking in it, ’- z-t-w-d ( Phoenician ) / Azatiwataš ( Luwian ), professes to be king of the d-n-n-y-m / Hiyawa, and describes his dynasty as " the house of M-p-š / Mukšuš ".

If we may believe the transmission of Nicolaus of Damascus who quotes him, Xanthus wrote the name with-ks -, like in the Hittite and Luwian texts ; given that Lydian also belongs to the Anatolian language family, it is possible that Xanthus relied on a local non-Greek tradition according to which Mukšuš was a Luwian.

The Hittite and Luwian name of the city is given in inscriptions as Arinna ( not to be confused with the Arinna near Hattusa ).

In western Anatolia, many toponyms with the "- ss -" infix derive from the adjectival suffix also seen in cuneiform Luwian and some Palaic ; the classic example is Bronze Age Tarhuntassa ( loosely, " City of the Storm God Tarhunta "), and later Parnassus may be related to the Hittite word parna-or " house ".

For example, Luraghi's Luwian branch begins with a root language, " Luwian Group ", which logically is in the place of Common Luwian or Proto-Luwian.

The tree uses two meanings for Luwian, the whole group, and just Cuneiform and Hieroglyphic, and this ambiguity is endemic to the history of the word.

Cuneiform Luwian ( Melchert's CLuwian ) is recorded glosses and short passages in Hittite texts, mainly from Boğazkale, written in Cuneiform script.

It is clear, however, that Hittite and Luwian were distinct languages by the middle of the 2nd millennium BC.

* Similarity of words: Luwian māssan ( i )-, Lycian māhān ( i ), " god.

Luwian ( sometimes spelled Luvian ), rarely Luish, is one or more extinct languages of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family.

The general consensus amongst scholars is that Luwian was spoken — to a greater or lesser degree — across a large area of western Anatolia, including ( possibly ) Wilusa (= Troy ), the Seha River Land ( to be identified with the Hermos and / or Kaikos valley ), and the kingdom of Mira-Kuwaliya with its core territory of the Maeander valley.

His Hittite and Luwian name was Tarhun ( with variant stem forms Tarhunt, Tarhuwant, Tarhunta ), although this name is from the Hittite root * tarh-" to defeat, conquer ".

On the other hand, Amanara, the root name referred to in the word Amanariotissa, being non-Greek, conjectural attempts have been made to explain the structure of the word through syncope, with the end corresponding to the Luwian language adjective " ura " ( big ), and the first part attachable to the deity name Amun or to proper nouns such as Amana and Amanus Mountains inter alia, transmitted here either through a Luwian connection once again or through the cult of Ammon well known to have been introduced into Greece at an early period or by the same token that led to the appellation of the ancient city of Larissa, within eyesight from the northern flank of the mountain, as " Egyptian Larissa ", or to an interaction of these possibilities.

It derives its name from the contentious Isaurian tribe ( probably Luwian ) and twin settlements Isaura Palaea ( Ίσαυρα Παλαιά, Latin: Isaura Vetus, " Old Isaura ") and Isaura Nea ( Ίσαυρα Νέα, Latin: Isaura Nova, " New Isaura ").

* In Didyma, an oracle on the coast of Anatolia, south west of Lydian ( Luwian ) Sardis, in which priests from the lineage of the Branchidae received inspiration by drinking from a healing spring located in the temple.

From the 9th century BC, Luwian regions coalesced into a number of states such as Lydia, Caria and Lycia, all of which had Hellenic influence.

He accounts for the non-Luwian features as a Mysian influence: " deviations from Luwian ... may plausibly be ascribed to the dialect of the indigenous population of Mysia.

Nevertheless, the Hittites continued to refer to the language that originated in these areas as Luwian.

700 BC, and the Bronze Age Hittite and Luwian dialects evolved into the sparsely attested Lydian, Lycian and Carian languages.

The population of most of the Hittite Empire by this time spoke Luwian dialects, another Indo-European language of the Anatolian family that had originated to the west of the Hittite region.

Since the 1960s, a theory based on Linear B phonetic values suggests that Linear A language could be an Anatolian language, close to Luwian.

In 1997, Gareth Alun Owens published a collection of essays entitled Kritika Daidalika, which support the view that Linear A might represent an archaic relative of Luwian.

He does not claim a systematic decipherment of Linear A, and remarks in the book that he intended his Luwian hypothesis to provoke discussion rather than to settle the issue.

The Lydian language was an Indo-European language in the Anatolian language family, related to Luwian and Hittite.

This has notably been the case with the Egyptian, Sumerian, Assyrian, Hittite, Ugaritic and Luwian languages.

Fox ( 2009 ) criticizes this suggestion, saying that the connection of Pegasus with lightning bolts may be secondary, based on the " like-sounding name " of the Luwian god.

They settled lightly on the shores of Luwian Anatolia often by invitation.

When that power was gone the Luwian people remained in the vacuum as a number of coastal splinter states that were scarcely able now to defend themselves.

They settled on Chios, took Erythrae from the Carians, Pamphylians ( both Luwian ) and Cretans.