This basic principle, the first in a richly knotted bundle, was conveyed to me by Dr. Henry Lee Smith, Jr., at the University of Buffalo, where he heads the world's first department of anthropology and linguistics.

An alphabet is a standard set of letters ( basic written symbols or graphemes ) which is used to write one or more languages based on the general principle that the letters represent phonemes ( basic significant sounds ) of the spoken language.

As a basic starting point it is normally assumed that, for the purposes of analysis, the general algorithm is known ; this is Shannon's Maxim " the enemy knows the system " -- in its turn, equivalent to Kerckhoffs ' principle.

J. Bowyer Bell, in his The Irish Troubles, describes Maguire's opinion in 1986, " abstentionism was a basic tenet of republicanism, a moral issue of principle.

* Canon ( basic principle )

The attraction between male and female is the basic principle of material

In Taoism, qi functions similarly to pneuma in terms of a prime matter ( a basic principle of energetic transformation ) that accounts for both biological and inanimate phenomena.

The basic principle of displacement chromatography is:

In 1873, Frederick Guthrie discovered the basic principle of operation of thermionic diodes.

The basic principle of dimensional analysis was known to Isaac Newton ( 1686 ) who referred to it as the " Great Principle of Similitude ".

" Moreover, " he basic principle of altruism is that man has no right to exist for his own sake, that service to others is the only justification for his existence, and that self-sacrifice is his highest moral duty, virtue or value.

Though discouraging, the failure of choice to lead to overall improvement often seems to reflect weaknesses in the way that choice is implemented rather than a failure of the basic principle itself.

That said, the basic principle behind firearm operation remains unchanged to this day.

The basic principle of acting " with harm to none " is mentioned repeatedly in the Ordains, a body of traditional guidelines for behavior both within the coven and within the larger human community.

A March 1906 Scientific American article by American hydrofoil pioneer William E. Meacham explained the basic principle of hydrofoils.

This basic principle of insurance must be followed if insurance companies are to remain solvent.

The basic principle behind observance of this vow lies in the fact that life changes.

A basic principle of boxing, and other combat sports is to defend against this vulnerability by keeping both hands raised about the face and the chin tucked in.

From this same perspective, readers of alphabetic languages must understand the alphabetic principle to master basic reading skills.

We are now in a position like that of the British Interplanetary Society of the 1930s which described how multistage liquid-fueled rockets could reach the Moon and pointed to early rockets as illustrations of the basic principle.

Furthermore, to the postulates of quantum mechanics one should also add basic statements on the properties of spin and Pauli's exclusion principle, see below.

The property of spin relates to another basic property concerning systems of N identical particles: Pauli's exclusion principle, which is a consequence of the following permutation behaviour of an N-particle wave function ; again in the position representation one must postulate that for the transposition of any two of the N particles one always should have

Although spin and the Pauli principle can only be derived from relativistic generalizations of quantum mechanics the properties mentioned in the last two paragraphs belong to the basic postulates already in the non-relativistic limit.

The five basic steps are found equally well whether we are talking about an earthquake, a submarine using sonar to locate its foe, or a band playing in a rock concert.

Diagram of basic procedure to determine whether two sounds are allophones

At the most basic level, this involves establishing what form of currency the country may have, whether a fiat currency, gold-backed currency ( disallowed for countries with membership of the International Monetary Fund ), currency board or a currency union.

The designs of these forges have varied over time, but whether the fuel is coal, coke or charcoal the basic design has remained the same.

A basic distinction is with regard to whether the speaker looks at a situation as bounded and unitary, without reference to any flow of time during the situation (" I ate "), or with no reference to temporal bounds but with reference to the nature of the flow of time during the situation (" I was eating ", " I used to eat ").

Watson and Pavlov shared both a disdain for " mentalistic " concepts ( such as consciousness ) and a belief that the basic laws of learning were the same for all animals whether dogs or humans.

The basic goal of traditional education was to present the knowledge and skills of the old generation to the new generation of students, and to provide students with an environment in which to learn, with little attention ( beyond the classroom teacher ) to whether or not any student ever learns any of the material.

While the standards for determining whether a body of knowledge, methodology, or practice is scientific can vary from field to field, a number of basic principles are widely agreed upon by scientists.

Some researchers such as John A Lucy, Barbara Saunders and Stephen C Levinson have argued that Berlin and Kay's study does not in fact show that linguistic relativity in color naming is impossible, because of a number of basic unsupported assumptions in their study ( such as whether all cultures in fact have a category of " color " that can be unproblematically defined and equated with the one found in Indo-European languages ) and because of problems with their data stemming from those basic assumptions.

It is usually very difficult to change the bulk composition of a large mass of rock, so composition is the basic control on whether a rock will melt at any given temperature and pressure.

SONET refers to this basic unit as an STS-3c ( Synchronous Transport Signal 3, concatenated ) or OC-3c, depending on whether the signal is carried electrically ( STS ) or optically ( OC ), but its high-level functionality, frame size, and bit-rate are the same as STM-1.

A sanity test or sanity check is a basic test to quickly evaluate whether a claim or the result of a calculation can possibly be true.

The most basic rule is whether to use the left or right side of the road.

This raises the question of whether or not epigenetic changes in an organism can alter the basic structure of its DNA ( see Evolution, below ), a form of Lamarckism.

In computability theory, one of the basic undecidable problems is that of deciding whether a deterministic Turing machine ( DTM ) halts.

The National Labor Relations Board has two basic functions: overseeing the process by which employees decide whether to be represented by a labor organization and prosecuting violations.

PETA opposes animal testing — whether toxicity testing, basic or applied research, or for education and training — on both moral and practical grounds.

Scientists debated whether umami was indeed a basic taste ever since Kikunae Ikeda proposed its existence in 1908.

The basic question about a set of Wang tiles is whether it can tile the plane or not, i. e., whether copies of the tiles can be arranged to fill an infinite plane, following the adjacency rules.

Even though remote sensing has greatly sped up the process of gathering information, and has allowed greater accuracy control over long distances, the direct survey still provides the basic control points and framework for all topographic work, whether manual or GIS-based.

The Third Umpire can then use only basic technology to judge whether there is any reason to overrule the on-field umpires decision.

# A real closed field has all the first-order properties of the real number system, regardless of whether they are usually taken as axiomatic, for statements involving the basic ordered-field relations +, *, and ≤.