The medieval fiddle emerged in 10th-century Europe, deriving from the Byzantine lira ( Greek: λύρα, Latin: lira, English: lyre ), a bowed string instrument of the Byzantine Empire and ancestor of most European bowed instruments.

The Persian geographer Ibn Khurradadhbih of the 9th century ( d. 911 ) cited the Byzantine lyra, in his lexicographical discussion of instruments as a bowed instrument equivalent to the Arab rabāb and typical instrument of the Byzantines along with the urghun ( organ ), shilyani ( probably a type of harp or lyre ) and the salandj ( probably a bagpipe ).

After the ancient lyre fell in disuse, the name was used to label unrelated instruments, mostly bowed lutes such as the Byzantine lyra, the Pontic lyra, the Constantinopolitan lyra, the Cretan lyra, the lira da braccio, the Calabrian lira, the lijerica, the lyra viol, the lirone.

Continuous, clear records of the use of crwth to denote an instrument of the lyre ( or the Byzantine bowed lyre ) class date from the 11th century.

More primitive instruments like the jouhikko ( a bowed lyre ) and the säkkipilli ( Finnish bagpipe ) had fallen into disuse, but are now finding new popularity in a folk revival.

In his lexicographical discussion of instruments, the Persian geographer Ibn Khurradadhbih ( d. 911 ) cited the lūrā ( bowed lyra ) as a typical instrument of the Byzantines along with the urghun ( organ ), shilyani ( probably a type of harp or lyre ), and the salandj ( probably a bagpipe ).

In the highlands, traditional string instruments include the: masenqo ( also known as masinko ), a one-string bowed: lute ; the: krar ( also known as kirar ), a six-string: lyre ; and the: begena, a large ten-string lyre.

Pentozali music is instrumental: the main tune is played by the pear-shaped, bowed Cretan lyre, to the accompaniment of a lute, played not in a melodic but in a percussive-like fashion.

A Persian geographer of the 9th century ( Ibn Khordadbeh ), mentioned in his lexicographical discussion of music instruments that Byzantines typically used urghun ( organ ), shilyani ( probably a type of harp or lyre ), şalandj ( probably a bagpipe ) and the bowed lyra ( Greek: λύρα-lūrā ) ( lyre ), an instrument similar to the Arabic Rabab.

In the highlands, traditional string instruments include the masenqo ( also known as masinko ), a one-string bowed lute ; the krar ( also known as kirar ), a six-string lyre ; and the begena, a large ten-string lyre.

The jouhikko is a traditional, 2 or 3 stringed bowed lyre, from Finland and Karelia.

In English, the usual modern designation is ' bowed lyre ' though the earlier preferred term ' bowed harp ' is also met with.

The jouhikko is a member of a family of bowed lyre type instruments that stretches from Russia in the east, through Scandinavia, to the British Isles.

Most of these regions have only very sketchy evidence about their extinct bowed lyre traditions.

* Anders Norudde ( formerly known as Anders Stake ) – fiddle, hardanger fiddle, moraharpa, bass moraharpa, nyckelharpa, bowed harp, Swedish bagpipes, flute, willow flute, jaw harp, buckhorn, vocals.

In late June 1988 Väljas bowed to pressure from the Estonian Popular Front and legalized the flying of the former National Flag of independent Estonia, and agreed a new state language law that made Estonian the official language of the Republic.

Other instruments are perhaps less closely related, including the bowed zithers such as the Finnish harppu, Icelandic fiðla, and the North American Inuit tautirut.

The Jouhikko is also called jouhikannel or jouhikantele, meaning a bowed kantele.

She smiled and bowed, recalling the princess-in-a-carriage feeling she had enjoyed when she was a child.

The Celtic King Caratacus assumed that she, along with Claudius, was the martial leader and bowed before her throne with the same homage and gratitude as he accorded the emperor.

The next morning Dagon was found prostrate, bowed down, before it ; and on being restored to his place, he was on the following morning again found prostrate and broken.

His first guitar had a nail for a nut and was so bowed that only the first few frets could be used.

The first recorded reference to the bowed lira was in the 9th century by the Persian geographer Ibn Khurradadhbih ( d. 911 ); in his lexicographical discussion of instruments he cited the lira ( lūrā ) as a typical instrument of the Byzantines and equivalent to the rabāb played in the Islamic Empires.

General Ma Bufang and other high ranking Muslim Generals attended the Kokonuur Lake Ceremony where the God of the Lake was worshipped, and during the ritual, the Chinese national anthem was sung, all participants bowed to a Portrait of Kuomintang party founder Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and the God of the Lake was also bowed to, and offerings were given to him by the participants, which included the Muslims.

Sun Yatsen's portrait was bowed to three times by KMT party members.

Originally, the album was to be produced by Botnick and Neil Young, but Young bowed out due to his commitments to Buffalo Springfield.

The bowed lyra of the Byzantine Empire was the first recorded European bowed string instrument.

It was not until 1861 — a year after losing the Second Opium War to the Anglo-French coalition — that the Qing government bowed to foreign pressure and created a proper foreign affairs office known as the Zongli Yamen.

In the 15th century, the Italian word " viola " was a generic term used to refer to any bowed instrument, or fiddle.

During his absence Segimerus was declared a coward by other Germanic chieftains because he had bowed down to Roman rule – a crime punishable by death under Germanic law.

He bowed out, pleading a " heavy cold "; it later became public that he was dealing with the Cuban Missile Crisis.

" It is said that this practice was initiated by Liu Bang 劉邦, the founder of the Han Dynasty, in emulation of Ying Zheng ( who granted his own father the title posthumously once he took on the new title of Huangdi 皇帝 for himself ), because Liu Bang would not be bowed to by his own father, who was still technically a commoner.

Until its arrival, the single bowed instrument in Turkish classical music was the kemân ( or kemânçe ).

The last of the bowed yoke lyres with fingerboard was the " modern " ( ca.

While the dates of origin and other evolutionary details of the European bowed yoke lyres continue to be disputed among organologists, there is general agreement that none of them were the ancestors of modern orchestral bowed stringed instruments, as once was thought.

Other keyed string instruments, small enough for a strolling musician to play, include the plucked autoharp, the bowed nyckelharpa, and the hurdy gurdy, which is played by cranking a rosined wheel.

Set of bell plates, range C2-E4, a struck idiophone ( played with mallets ) or friction idiophone ( bowed ).

* kobyz ( a bowed instrument, played like a cello )

The introduction on the record featured a bowed bass played by Jack Bruce.

Traditional music in China is played on solo instruments or in small ensembles of plucked and bowed stringed instruments, flutes, and various cymbals, gongs, and drums.

For this reason, a single tone played by a bowed string instrument, brass instrument, or reed instrument does not necessarily exhibit inharmonicity.

The band toured, and played Live Aid, with singer Michael Des Barres after Palmer bowed out at the last moment to go back into the recording studio to further his solo career.

* arco: the bow used for playing some string instrument ; i. e., played with the bow, as opposed to pizzicato ( plucked ), in music for bowed instruments ; normally used to cancel a pizzicato direction

Similar bowed instruments and lira descendants have continued to be played in the Mediterranean and the Balkans until the present day, for example the Lira Calabrese of Calabria, Italy ; the lyra of Crete and the Dodecanese, Greece ; and the Armudî kemençe in Istanbul, Turkey.

This type of cowbell can also be played with the foot, using a modified bass drum pedal, or bowed with a double bass bow.

Historic bowed zithers of China, including the xiqin, yazheng, and yaqin, and also the Korean ajaeng, were originally played by bowing with a rosined stick, which created friction against the strings.

* " Bowed Dulcimers ": Dulcimers that can be played with bows ; in the modern era heavily modified variants have been made exclusively for bowed playing.

The band toured, and even played Live Aid with singer Michael Des Barres after Palmer bowed out at the last moment to go back into the studio to further his newly revitalized solo career.

Tyagi also bowed during the recording of the record, the drums on the album being played by The Commotions ' Steven Irvine and on the subsequent tour his place was taken by Dan Saleh.

It can also be played with an additional small notched or serrated stick held in the other hand, allowing it to not only be shaken or hammered onto the ground, but also " bowed " to produce a combined clicking and rattling sound.

Bosnia and Herzegovina played Portugal in the unlucky play-off contest having hit woodwork three times ( Ibričić, Džeko, Muslimović ) in the first game, and eventually bowed out losing both games by single goal.

Wolf tones are usually only noticed on bowed instruments, most notably the violin family, since the tones produced are played for much longer periods, and thus are easier to hear.

* Lira da braccio, a European bowed string instrument played during the Renaissance

* Pontic lyra, a bowed string instrument played in the area of northern Turkey by several ethnic groups

* Politiki lyra, a bowed string instrument played in Greece and Turkey

* Calabrian lira, a bowed string instrument played in Calabria, Italy