Argon was used as a blowing gas to exclude any effects of dissociation or chemical reaction.

Spoilage by chemical action results from the reaction of one group of components in the food with others or with its environment, as in corrosion of the walls of metal containers or the reaction of fats with oxygen in the air to produce rancidity.

He wrote a paper on the chemical basis of morphogenesis, and predicted oscillating chemical reactions such as the Belousov – Zhabotinsky reaction, which were first observed in the 1960s.

Antibacterials such as metronidazole, tinidazole, cephamandole, latamoxef, cefoperazone, cefmenoxime, and furazolidone, cause a disulfiram-like chemical reaction with alcohol by inhibiting its breakdown by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which may result in vomiting, nausea, and shortness of breath.

He carefully weighed the reactants and products in a chemical reaction, which was a crucial step in the advancement of chemistry.

He showed that, although matter can change its state in a chemical reaction, the total mass of matter is the same at the end as at the beginning of every chemical change.

The copper does not react, functioning as an electrode for the chemical reaction.

* Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, a type of organic chemical reaction

One-part adhesives harden via a chemical reaction with an external energy source, such as radiation, heat, and moisture.

Only a proper, artist-grade acrylic gesso should be used to prime canvas in preparation for painting with acrylic ( however acrylic paint can be applied to raw canvas if so desired without any negative effect or chemical reaction as would be the case with oils ).

An acid – base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base.

Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons or hydrogen from a substance to an oxidizing agent.

As an alternative means of producing long-lived bohrium isotopes suitable for a chemical study, the synthesis of < sup > 267 </ sup > Bh and < sup > 266 </ sup > Bh were attempted in 1995 by the team at GSI using the highly asymmetric reaction using an einsteinium-254 target.

When heat and pressure are applied to the layers, a chemical reaction ( polymerization ) transforms the layers into a high-pressure thermosetting industrial laminated plastic.

A chemical reaction is a transformation of some substances into one or more different substances.

The number of atoms on the left and the right in the equation for a chemical transformation is equal ( when unequal, the transformation by definition is not chemical, but rather a nuclear reaction or radioactive decay ).

According to Brønsted – Lowry acid-base theory, acids are substances that donate a positive hydrogen ion to another substance in a chemical reaction ; by extension, a base is the substance which receives that hydrogen ion.

In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both reactants and products are present at concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time.

With the exception of the Roman Catholic and the Orthodox Catholic Churches, most churches make no moral distinction between rhythm and mechanical or chemical contraceptives, allowing the couple free choice.

Here Keys and others, such as Dr. A. E. Ahrens of the Rockefeller Institute, took over to demonstrate the chemical difference between vegetable and animal fats -- and even between different varieties of each.

The field of chemistry uses analysis in at least three ways: to identify the components of a particular chemical compound ( qualitative analysis ), to identify the proportions of components in a mixture ( quantitative analysis ), and to break down chemical processes and examine chemical reactions between elements of matter.

However, this did not explain similarities between different atoms, as expressed by the periodic table, such as the fact that helium ( 2 electrons ), neon ( 10 electrons ), and argon ( 18 electrons ) exhibit similar chemical behavior.

Depression can be treated by increasing the amount of available serotonin, a chemical used in the brain to transmit signals between neurons.

The mechanism of these types of antidepressants involves affecting the neurotransmitters used to communicate between brain cells ; they interfere with reuptake process of the specific chemical messengers.

Adhesives cure ( harden ) by either evaporating a solvent or by chemical reactions that occur between two or more constituents.

Adhesion, the attachment between adhesive and substrate may occur either by mechanical means, in which the adhesive works its way into small pores of the substrate, or by one of several chemical mechanisms.

In some cases, an actual chemical bond occurs between adhesive and substrate.

During the Vietnam War, between 1962 and 1971, the United States military sprayed nearly of material containing chemical herbicides and defoliants mixed with jet fuel in Vietnam, eastern Laos and parts of Cambodia, as part of Operation Ranch Hand.

During the Vietnam War, between 1962 and 1971, the United States military sprayed nearly of chemical herbicides and defoliants in Vietnam, eastern Laos and parts of Cambodia, as part of the aerial defoliation program known as Operation Ranch Hand.

The evolution of angiosperm plants between 50 and 200 million years ago resulted in the development of many antioxidant pigments – particularly during the Jurassic period – as chemical defences against reactive oxygen species that are byproducts of photosynthesis.

Further, chemical biology employs biological systems to create non-natural hybrids between biomolecules and synthetic devices ( for example emptied viral capsids that can deliver gene therapy or drug molecules ).

There is an overlap between biological warfare and chemical warfare, as the use of toxins produced by living organisms is considered under the provisions of both the Biological Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention.

Nonhuman communication also include cell signaling, cellular communication, and chemical transmissions between primitive organisms like bacteria and within the plant and fungal kingdoms.

In particular, chemistry studies interactions between atoms, and chemical bond s.

The interactions, reactions and transformations that are studied in chemistry are usually the result of interactions between atoms, leading to rearrangements of the chemical bonds which hold atoms together.

The basis of such a chemical transformation is the rearrangement of electrons in the chemical bonds between atoms.

Sushi also utilizes a similar chemical reaction between fish and the acidic content of rice glazed with vinegar.

The result is that each Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > ion released by chemical weathering ultimately removes one CO < sub > 2 </ sub > molecule from the surficial system ( atmosphere, ocean, soils and living organisms ), storing it in carbonate rocks where it is likely to stay for hundreds of millions of years.

With the development of the lead chamber process in 1746 and the Leblanc process, allowing large-scale production of sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate, respectively, chemical reactions became implemented into the industry.

Calcium carbonate is deposited where evaporation of the water leaves a solution supersaturated with the chemical constituents of calcite.

The mantle of the mollusk deposits layers of calcium carbonate ( CaCO < sub > 3 </ sub >) in the form of the mineral aragonite or a mixture of aragonite and calcite ( polymorphs with the same chemical formula, but different crystal structures ) held together by an organic horn-like compound called conchiolin.

The chemical abbreviation for sodium was first published by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in his system of atomic symbols, and is a contraction of the element's new Latin name natrium, which refers to the Egyptian natron, a natural mineral salt primarily made of hydrated sodium carbonate.

Most ores are a chemical compound of the metal with other elements, such as oxygen ( as an oxide ), sulfur ( as a sulfide ) or carbon and oxygen together ( as a carbonate ).

When the solution comes into contact with air the chemical reaction that created it is reversed and particles of calcium carbonate are deposited.

The initial studies revealed the typical radii of atoms, and confirmed many theoretical models of chemical bonding, such as the tetrahedral bonding of carbon in the diamond structure, the octahedral bonding of metals observed in ammonium hexachloroplatinate ( IV ), and the resonance observed in the planar carbonate group and in aromatic molecules.

For example, aragonite and calcite will have different solubility products even though they have both the same chemical identity ( calcium carbonate ).

Chemical state analysis of the surface of polymers readily reveals the presence or absence of the chemical states of carbon known as: carbide ( C < sup > 2 -</ sup >), hydrocarbon ( C-C ), alcohol ( C-OH ), ketone ( C = O ), organic ester ( COOR ), carbonate ( CO < sub > 3 </ sub >), fluoro-hydrocarbon ( CF < sub > 2 </ sub >- CH < sub > 2 </ sub >), trifluorocarbon ( CF < sub > 3 </ sub >).

Hydrolysis is a chemical weathering process affecting silicate and carbonate minerals.

Calcium carbonate has two forms, the stable calcite, and the metastable aragonite, which is stable within a reasonable range of chemical environments but rapidly becomes unstable outside this range.

A sinkhole, also known as a sink, snake hole, swallow hole, swallet, doline, or cenote, is a natural depression or hole in the Earth's surface caused by karst processes — the chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks or suffosion processes for example in sandstone.

It was clear that high-temperature physical and chemical processes were responsible for the formation of Eozoön in the carbonate rock ( O ' Brien, 1970 ).

Fisher, 2000, Mudrock-hosted carbonate concretions: a review of growth mechanisms and their influence on chemical and isotopic composition: Journal of Geological Society of London.

For example, chalk is made up partly of the microscopic calcium carbonate skeletons of marine plankton, the deposition of which has induced chemical processes ( diagenesis ) to deposit further calcium carbonate.

In clean air rural environments, the patina is created by the slow chemical reaction of copper with carbon dioxide and water, producing a basic copper carbonate.

* Dimethyl carbonate, a chemical compound.

Nelson, 2006, Organic chemical signatures of New Zealand carbonate concretions and calcite fracture fills as potential fluid migration indicators.

This is the dominant form of chemical weathering and aides in the breakdown of carbonate minerals like calcite and dolomite and silicate minerals like feldspar.

Carbonatation is a chemical reaction in which calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide and forms insoluble calcium carbonate:

For example, the minerals calcite ( limestone ) and aragonite ( shell ) have the same chemical composition – calcium carbonate ( CaCO < sub > 3 </ sub >) therefore EDS / WDS cannot tell them apart, but they have different microcrystalline structures so EBSD can differentiate between them.

Barytocalcite is an anhydrous barium calcium carbonate mineral with the chemical formula Ba Ca ( C O < sub > 3 </ sub >)< sub > 2 </ sub >.