They quickly became the Achilles ' heel of the system because of their combination of an overly complex mechanical design with a very low-cost internal flex circuit system.

Bootstrapping is a form of positive feedback in analog circuit design.

A class of algorithms called SAT solvers can efficiently solve a large enough subset of SAT instances to be useful in various practical areas such as circuit design and automatic theorem proving, by solving SAT instances made by transforming problems that arise in those areas.

* Cell ( EDA ), a term used in an electronic circuit design schematics

Both the logical complexity ( needing very large logic design and logic verification teams and simulation farms with perhaps thousands of computers ) and the high operating frequencies ( needing large circuit design teams and access to the state-of-the-art fabrication process ) account for the high cost of design for this type of chip.

The circuit design has been modified and altered several times:

The chip designers at Digital continued pursuing sophisticated manual circuit design in order to deal with the overly complex VAX architecture.

The Alpha chips showed that manual circuit design applied to a simpler, cleaner architecture allowed for much higher operating frequencies than those that were possible with the more automated design systems.

These chips caused a renaissance of custom circuit design within the microprocessor design community.

Dia has a modular design with several shape packages available for different needs: flowchart, network diagrams, circuit diagrams, and more.

Microelectronics engineering deals with the design and microfabrication of very small electronic circuit components for use in an integrated circuit or sometimes for use on their own as a general electronic component.

To design any electrical circuit, either analog or digital, electrical engineers need to be able to predict the voltages and currents at all places within the circuit.

Circuit simulation software, such as HSPICE, and languages such as VHDL-AMS and verilog-AMS allow engineers to design circuits without the time, cost and risk of error involved in building circuit prototypes.

Electronic design automation software programs include schematic capture programs and printed circuit board design programs.

The complexity of such a system is specified by its order N. N is often a constraint on the design of a transfer function since it specifies the number of reactive components in an analog circuit ; in a digital IIR filter the number of computations required is proportional to N.

A popular circuit implementing a second order active R-C filter is the Sallen-Key design, whose schematic diagram is shown here.

Armstrong's service as a signal officer in World War I led to his design of the superheterodyne circuit.

Entitled A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits, Shannon's thesis essentially founded practical digital circuit design.

All can be connected with the gold circuit from their homes.

Officers who participate in the continual practice drills assured me that the President's decision could be made and announced on the gold circuit within minutes after the first flash from Aj.

With this act of disobedience, and not with the inception of his individual existence, man began the downward circuit on the spiral of history, descending from the created capacity for immortality to an inescapable mortality.

The concept being measured over the circuit, whether sound, light, pressure, temperature, or an exceeded limit, remains from end to end.

Soon after the palace was constructed, a Cyclopean massive circuit wall was built, 760 meters long, up to 10 meters high, and ranging from 3. 5 to 6 meters thick.

In other words, the electrons flow from the anode into, for example, an electrical circuit.

In a battery or galvanic cell, the anode is the negative electrode from which electrons flow out towards the external part of the circuit.

Internally the positively charged cations are flowing away from the anode ( even though it is negative and therefore would be expected to attract them, this is due to electrode potential relative to the electrolyte solution being different for the anode and cathode metal / electrolyte systems ); but, external to the cell in the circuit, electrons are being pushed out through the negative contact and thus through the circuit by the voltage potential as would be expected.

When a positive voltage is applied to anode of the diode from the circuit, more holes are able to be transferred to the depleted region, and this causes the diode to become conductive, allowing current to flow through the circuit.

Davy installed sacrificial anodes made from a more electrically reactive ( less noble ) metal attached to the vessel hull and electrically connected to form a cathodic protection circuit.

Thermal noise results from the motion of charge carriers ( usually electrons ) in an electrical circuit generated by their thermal motion.

Although the VPI / VCI values are not necessarily consistent from one end of the connection to the other, the concept of a circuit is consistent ( unlike IP, where any given packet could get to its destination by a different route than the others ).

The voltage output from these anemometers is thus the result of some sort of circuit within the device trying to maintain the specific variable ( current, voltage or temperature ) constant.

Particularly with some lower-priced embossers, it is sometimes necessary to mount the embosser on its own table, as otherwise the vibrations can damage the computer by eventually causing microchips and other components to come loose from the circuit boards.

Crystals of BPO < sub > 4 </ sub > can also precipitate from the flowing glass on cooling ; these crystals are not readily etched in the standard reactive plasmas used to pattern oxides, and will result in circuit defects in integrated circuit manufacturing.

In a galvanic cell, the cathode is where the positive pole is connected to allow the circuit to be completed: as the anode of the galvanic cell gives off electrons, they return from the circuit into the cell through the cathode.

A transformer is an electromagnetic device that has a primary winding and a secondary winding that transfers energy from one electrical circuit to another by inductive coupling without moving parts.

Lyell first received a copy of one of Lamarck's books from Mantell in 1827, when he was on circuit.

This circuit can store one bit, and hence can count from zero to one before it overflows ( starts over from 0 ).

After Eraserhead became a cult classic on the midnight movie circuit, Lynch was employed to direct The Elephant Man ( 1980 ), from which he gained mainstream success.

Early developments of the integrated circuit go back to 1949, when the German engineer Werner Jacobi ( Siemens AG ) filed a patent for an integrated-circuit-like semiconductor amplifying device showing five transistors on a common substrate in a 2-stage amplifier arrangement.

Jack St. Clair Kilby ( November 8, 1923 – June 20, 2005 ) was an American electrical engineer who took part ( along with Robert Noyce ) in the realization of the first integrated circuit while working at Texas Instruments ( TI ) in 1958.

* Geoffrey Dummer, the British engineer who first conceived the idea of the integrated circuit.

The Austrian engineer Paul Eisler invented the printed circuit while working in England around 1936 as part of a radio set.

** Hal Feeney project engineer did the detailed logic design, circuit design, and physical layout under Faggin's supervision, employing the same design methodology that Faggin had originally developed for the Intel 4004 microprocessor, and utilizing the basic circuits he had developed for the 4004.

Among his several important contributions to circuit theory and control theory, engineer Hendrik Wade Bode ( 1905 – 1982 ), while working at Bell Labs in the United States in the 1930s, devised a simple but accurate method for graphing gain and phase-shift plots.

During the re-design of the USA Vox amplifier, Stan Cuttler, head engineer of Thomas Organ Company, assigned Brad J. Plunkett, a junior electronics engineer, to replace the expensive Jennings 3-position MRB circuit switch with a transistorized solid state MRB circuit.

John Glennon, an assistant junior electronics engineer with the Thomas Organ Company, was summoned to bring a volume control pedal which was used in the Vox Continental Organ so that the transistorized MRB potentiometer bread-boarded circuit could be installed in the pedal's housing.

He was the sole integrated circuit ( IC ) design engineer of the 6820 / 21 PIA, which was the first peripheral IC to have bit-programmable I / O.

Invented in 1915 by American engineer Ralph Hartley, the distinguishing feature of the Hartley circuit is that the feedback needed for oscillation is taken from a tap on the coil, or the junction of two coils in series.

* Howard Johnson ( electrical engineer ), in signal integrity and high speed electronic circuit design

The phenomenon of the condenser discharge through an inductive circuit therefore is of the greatest importance to the engineer, as the foremost cause of high-voltage and high-frequency troubles in electric circuits.

Burrell Carver Smith ( born December 16, 1955 ) is an American engineer who, while working at Apple Computer, designed the motherboard ( digital circuit board ) for the original Macintosh.

Following the demise of the team, he joined Bernie Ecclestone's Brabham team at Weybridge, where he would stay for the following decade, becoming chief mechanic for the World Drivers ' Championship successes of Nelson Piquet in and and later rising to chief engineer, while Nick went on to open a Motor Racing spares shop near the Brands Hatch circuit.

Trevor Lloyd Wadley, ( 1920 – 21 May 1981 ) was a South African electrical engineer, best known for his development of the Wadley Loop circuit for greater stability in communications receivers.

Cray's refrigeration engineer, Dean Roush, formerly of Amana, placed a sheet of copper inside each of the circuit boards, removing the heat to a copper block on one end where it was cooled by a freon system.

In practice it is very difficult to design a protection circuit that will work under all conditions, and it is left up to the design engineer to weigh the likely fault conditions against the complexity and cost of the protection.

Since a PPTC device has an inherently higher resistance than a metallic fuse or circuit breaker at ambient temperature, it may be difficult or impossible to use in circuits that cannot tolerate significant reductions in operating voltage, forcing the engineer to choose the latter in a design.

Once the design of the circuit is completed, the BOM list is passed on to the PCB layout engineer as well as component engineer who will procure the components required for the design.

The resistance path is the total resistance back through the supply transformer therefore to measure this an engineer will use an " Earth fault loop impedance meter ". The application of voltage allows a small current to pass from the socket back through earth to the supply transformer and from the supply transformer back to your domestic fuse board, through that circuit fuse and back to the socket. This resistance is measured in OHM and therefore voltage divided by resistance gives you the current or short circuit current. As mentioned above fuse ratings are graded to ensure the fuse will blow or melt quickly so once you have measured and confirmed fault current a fuse or circuit breaker can be sellected. It should be added that if the socket in question is for use by the home owner for an electric drill or lawn mower or other external device such as electrical equipment in a garage the circuit should always be protected by an RCD to ensure anyone, including children, using that socket gets the extra protection of immediately tripping ,, if a fault occurs, or if you do something out of the ordinary, example cut through the lead while mowing the lawn