The English word " amputation " was first applied to surgery in the 17th century, possibly first in Peter Lowe's A discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie ( published in either 1597 or 1612 ); his work was derived from 16th century French texts and early English writers also used the words " extirpation " ( 16th century French texts tended to use extirper ), " disarticulation ", and " dismemberment " ( from the Old French desmembrer and a more common term before the 17th century for limb loss or removal ), or simply " cutting ", but by the end of the 17th century " amputation " had come to dominate as the accepted medical term.

The next definitive historical treatise on the common law is Commentaries on the Laws of England, written by Sir William Blackstone and first published in 1765-1769.

The competence between papers for having more cartoons than the rest from the mid-1920s, the growth of large-scale newspaper advertising during most of the thirties, paper rationing during World War II, the decline on news readership ( as television newscasts began to be more common ) and inflation ( which has caused higher printing costs ) beginning during the fifties and sixties made Sunday strips being published on smaller and more diverse formats.

The view was most widely promoted in a book published by Dr. William Crook that hypothesized a variety of common symptoms such as fatigue, PMS, sexual dysfunction, asthma, psoriasis, digestive and urinary problems, multiple sclerosis, and muscle pain could be caused by subclinical infections of C. albicans.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) published by the American Psychiatric Association provides a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.

Formula fiction is often stereotypically associated with early pulp magazine markets, though some works published in that medium, such as " The Cold Equations ", subvert the supposed expectations of the common narrative formula of that time.

In 1799 Goya published a series of 80 prints titled Caprichos depicting what he described as " the innumerable foibles and follies to be found in any civilized society, and from the common prejudices and deceitful practices which custom, ignorance, or self-interest have made usual ".

It is somewhat common for a game to be designed with one theme and published with another, or for the same game to be given a significantly different theme for a later republication, or for two games on wildly different themes to have very similar mechanics.

One bird common in the shire is the Royston Crow, which is the eponymous name of the regional newspaper, the Royston Crow published in Royston.

Clark L. Hull, an eminent American psychologist, published the first major compilation of laboratory studies on hypnosis, Hypnosis & Suggestibility ( 1933 ), in which he proved that hypnosis and sleep had nothing in common.

In many countries the ISO codes for the more common currencies are so well known publicly that exchange rates published in newspapers or posted in banks use only these to delineate the different currencies, instead of translated currency names or ambiguous currency symbols.

He published the Artificium perorandi of Giordano Bruno in 1610 ; and in the same year the Panacea philosophica, an attempt to find the common ground in the work of Aristotle, Raymond Lull, and Petrus Ramus.

He published his great confession upon the subject and also a second writing in English intended for the common people.

Abel published several articles, but the journal soon realized that this was not material for the common reader.

Before the advent of copyright, anonymous and pseudonymous publication was a common practice in the sixteenth century publishing world, and a passage in the Arte of English Poesie ( 1589 ), the leading work of literary criticism of the Elizabethan period and an anonymously published work itself, mentions in passing that literary figures in the court who wrote " commendably well " circulated their poetry only among their friends, " as if it were a discredit for a gentleman to seem learned " ( Book 1, Chapter 8 ).

Plea bargains are so common in the Superior Courts of California ( the general trial courts ) that the Judicial Council of California has published an optional seven-page form ( containing all mandatory advisements required by federal and state law ) to help prosecutors and defense attorneys reduce such bargains into written plea agreements.

The word satyagraha itself was coined through a public contest that Gandhi sponsored through the newspaper he published in South Africa, ' Indian Opinion ', when he realized that neither the common, contemporary Hindu language nor the English language contained a word which fully expressed his own meanings and intentions when he talked about his nonviolent approaches to conflict.

) Peano maintained a clear distinction between mathematical and logical symbols, which was not yet common in mathematics ; such a separation had first been introduced in the Begriffsschrift by Gottlob Frege, published in 1879.

Retcons are common in pulp fiction, especially comic books published by long-established houses such as DC, Marvel and leading manga publishers.

The style that has become most common is the hard-shell, U-shaped version described in a cookbook, The good life: New Mexican food, authored by Fabiola Cabeza de Vaca Gilbert and published in Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1949.

The first combined map was published in 1908 by the Underground Electric Railways Company of London ( UERL ) in conjunction with four other underground railway companies using the " Underground " brand as part of a common advertising initiative.

A study of major English dictionaries published in Great Britain and the United States found the most common Taoism glosses were in British sources and in American ones.

The Times originally published its editorials and opinion columns in a physically separate " Commentary " section, rather than at the end of its front news section as is common practice in U. S. newspapers.

Uncertainty in the law is a serious problem, insofar as the published precedent of courts in a common law system is supposed to constitute " a clear guide for the conduct of individuals, to enable them to plan their affairs with assurance against untoward surprise.

A description of Russia by Johann Gottlieb Georgi, published in English in 1780 ( presumably, a translation from German ), correctly explained: " Kabak in the Russian language signifies a public house for the common people to drink vodka ( a sort of brandy ) in.

`` we the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common Defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America ''.

Today, as Harrison's Principles Of Internal Medicine, a standard internist's text, puts it, `` The most common form of malnutrition is caloric excess or obesity ''.

The spelling Ἀπόλλων had almost superseded all other forms by the beginning of the common era, but the Doric form Απέλλων is more archaic, derived from an earlier * Απέλjων.

The Abstract of Title, used in real estate transactions, is the more common form of abstract.

Terms used to describe the motor neuron diseases can be confusing ; in the UK " motor neuron disease " ( with " neuron " sometimes spelt " neurone ") refers to both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( the most common form of disease ) and to the broader spectrum of motor neuron diseases including progressive muscular atrophy, primary lateral sclerosis, and progressive bulbar palsy.

It is the most common form of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies caused by prions.

Alpha decay is by far the most common form of cluster decay where the parent atom ejects a defined daughter collection of nucleons, leaving another defined product behind ( in nuclear fission, a number of different pairs of daughters of approximately equal size are formed ).

It may be an exaggerated form of an instinctive response that helped early humans to survive, or a cultural phenomenon that is most common in predominantly European societies.

ΑΒΡΑΣΑΞ, which is far more common in the sources than the variant form Abraxas, ΑΒΡΑΞΑΣ ) was a word of mystic meaning in the system of the Gnostic Basilides, being there applied to the “ Great Archon ” ( Gk., megas archōn ), the princeps of the 365 spheres ( Gk., ouranoi ).

The most common form, osteoarthritis ( degenerative joint disease ), is a result of trauma to the joint, infection of the joint, or age.

The common people were numerically dominant in the navy, which they used to pursue their own interests in the form of work as rowers and in the hundreds of overseas administrative positions.

Although game reports and social reactions are common parts of many A & E contributions, it has also, over the years, become a testing ground for new ideas on the development of the RPG as a genre and an art form.

It defines the administrative act, the most common form of action in which the public administration occurs against a citizen.

Abbreviators are those who make an abridgment or abstract of a long writing or discourse by contracting the parts, i. e. the words and sentences ; an abbreviated form of writing common among the Romans.

A common form of lashing sticks, logs, and deciduous branches together involved the use of long reeds or other harvested fibers woven together to form a connective rope capable of binding and holding together the materials used in early bridges.

All vertebrate brains share a common underlying form, which appears most clearly during early stages of embryonic development.

The deputies of the Third Estate representing the common people ( the two others were the Catholic Church and nobility ) decided to break away and form a National Assembly.

One common mutagenic base analog is 5-bromouracil, which resembles thymine but can base-pair to guanine in its enol form.

The destruction of cities by foreign invaders, and its resulting catastrophic suffering, unfortunately, was very common in the ancient Near East and, therefore, we can observe examples of the lament form / genre concerning destroyed cities and temples from extra-biblical sources, particularly from early Sumerian Literature dating to the late third and early second millennia BC.

The β sheet ( also β-pleated sheet ) is the second form of regular secondary structure in proteins, only somewhat less common than the alpha helix.

(: see ) In effect, the 1662 Prayer Book marked the end of a period of just over 100 years, when a common form of liturgy served for almost all Reformed public worship in England ; and the start of the continuing division between Anglicans and Nonconformists.

The form of reasoning used in common law is known as casuistry or case-based reasoning.

It can form alloys with iron, of which the most common is carbon steel.

The Equisetales included the common giant form Calamites, with a trunk diameter of 30 to and a height of up to.