Herman Daly, a leading voice in the discipline of ecological economics, emphasizes that although Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage is one of the most elegant theories in economics, its application to the present day is illogical: " Free capital mobility totally undercuts Ricardo's comparative advantage argument for free trade in goods, because that argument is explicitly and essentially premised on capital ( and other factors ) being immobile between nations.

His first work in the area of social capital was Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, a comparative study of regional governments in Italy which drew great scholarly attention for its argument that the success of democracies depends in large part on the horizontal bonds that make up social capital.

Like the comparative advantage argument of Ricardo, this is assumed to happen costlessly.

There is much more detailed comparative anatomy, leading to the same type of argument, for example: " Hence it is obvious that, greatly as the dentition of the highest ape differs from man, it differs far more widely from that of the lower and lowest apes " ( p101 ).

Ethologists have made much more use of a truly comparative method than comparative psychologists have.

In grateful recognition of that fact, on the fiftieth anniversary ( May 16, 1866 ) of the date of Windischmann's preface to that work, a fund called Die Bopp-Stiftung, for the promotion of the study of Sanskrit and comparative grammar, was established at Berlin, to which liberal contributions were made by his numerous pupils and admirers in all parts of the globe.

As a comparative grammarian he was much more than as a Sanskrit scholar ,” and yet “ it is surely much that he made the grammar, formerly a maze of Indian subtilty, as simple and attractive as that of Greek or Latin, introduced the study of the easier works of Sanskrit literature and trained ( personally or by his books ) pupils who could advance far higher, invade even the most intricate parts of the literature and make the Vedas intelligible.

Bloomfield made extensive use of Indo-European materials to explain historical and comparative principles in both of his textbooks, An introduction to language ( 1914 ), and his seminal Language ( 1933 ).

Under comparative negligence a plaintiff / claimant's award is reduced by the percentage of contribution made by the plaintiff to the loss or damage suffered.

According to the council's comparative assessment of wards made in 2004, the most deprived wards within the borough were in the south and east where unemployment rates, educational attainment and the quality of health were worst.

Early attempts to identify relationships between major groups were made in the 19th century by Ernst Haeckel, and by comparative anatomists such as Thomas Henry Huxley and E. Ray Lankester.

This was made possible by the massive Polynesian language comparative lexicon (" Pollex "-with reconstructions ) of Biggs and Clark.

He based his conclusion on a comparative study of the arrowheads which Ishi made and others held by the museum from the Yahi, Nomlaki and Wintu cultures.

The emerging discipline of geology also brought natural history and natural philosophy closer together ; Georges Cuvier and others made great strides in comparative anatomy and paleontology in the late 1790s and early 19th century.

Of his influence, humanities professor Robert Pattison wrote: " Two centuries earlier the establishment would have burned him as a heretic ; two centuries later it would have made him a professor of comparative religion in a California university.

Other dense, strong metals like tungsten and depleted uranium have not had the same historical evaluation as projectile materials because of their comparative rarity-and a coilgun would not work with projectiles made purely of these materials, although a railgun would.

He made contributions to a number of classical problems in comparative anatomy, including the origin of the vertebrates the origin of the pectoral and pelvic girdles and paired fins, and the homologies of the frontal and parietal bones in fishes and tetrapods

This being the case, it is impossible to make comparative judgements about statements made according to each worldview.

Throughout the long history of comparative psychology, repeated attempts have been made to enforce a more disciplined approach, in which similar studies are carried out on animals of different species, and the results interpreted in terms of their different phylogenetic or ecological backgrounds.

The nature of the dispute was mis-represented to Parliament, and Parliament played a role in further " suppressing " the facts released to the public, but most of the facts were established by comparative reading of these conflicting accounts in what was originally an anonymous pamphlet, How Wars are Got Up In India ; this account by Richard Cobden remains almost the sole contemporaneous account of who actually made the decision to invade and annex Burma.

An informal comparative test of thermal greases was made, examining the thermal resistance in ° C / W for a heater simulating a processor, with a very thin layer of grease, rather than the bulk conductivity.

Unlike comparative studies, which examines similar characteristics of a few societies, cross-cultural studies uses a sufficiently large sample so that statistical analysis can be made to show relationships or lack of relationships between the traits in question.

For this reason substantial effort is made by producers of personality tests to produce norms to provide a comparative basis for interpreting a respondent's test scores.

In 1982, Pierre Heymann who was working on the comparative testing for automobiles at the French National Consumer Institute, made his design for an ideal car and proposed it to Renault.

The next major contribution to liberal theory was made by David Ricardo, whose theory of comparative advantage suggested that trade between different nations could benefit both parties even in circumstances where one would feel intuitively that one nation would benefit from trade at the expense of the other.

There was a comparative lull in activity while Allenby's divisions were reorganised and retrained, but some local attacks were made, especially in the Judean Hills.

He made a case for comparative political analysis, comparing the political situation of a country to the health of an individual ; a disease, he reasoned, can only be diagnosed by comparing it to its instantiation in other people ( Thompson, 495 ).

Sabermetrics and comparative statistics attempt to provide an improved measure of a player's performance and contributions to his team from year to year, frequently against a statistical performance average.

These measures were dreamed up to provide Cyberjaya with a comparative advantage against other areas outside the Multimedia Super Corridor.

He vindicated the value of comparative study of the Semitic tongues against those who, like Jacques Gousset, regarded Hebrew as a sacred tongue with which comparative philology has nothing to do.

" Moreover, S. Boyd Eaton and colleagues have indicated that " comparative genetic data provide compelling evidence against the contention that long exposure to agricultural and industrial circumstances has distanced us, genetically, from our Stone Age ancestors " however they mention exceptions such as increased lactose and gluten tolerance, which improve ability to digest dairy and grains, while other studies indicate that human adaptive evolution has accelerated since the Paleolithic.

After these data have been collected and analyzed, they are used as the comparative standard against which individual performances can be compared.

Then, in no open market could Brazilian industry compete within the comparative advantage system against the technologically superior Anglo-American economies.

Behavioral ecology in the 1970s gave a more solid base of knowledge against which a true comparative psychology could develop.

Economists against offshoring charge that currency manipulation by governments and their central banks causes the difference in labor cost creating an illusion of comparative advantage.

ISO 14044: 2006 generally advises against weighting, stating that “ weighting, shall not be used in LCA studies intended to be used in comparative assertions intended to be disclosed to the public ”.

The heme moiety of intact hemoglobin is chemically converted by oxalic acid and ferrous oxalate or ferrous sulfate to protoporphyrin, and the porphyrin content of both the original sample and of the sample after hemoglobin conversion to porphyrin is quantified by comparative fluorescence against a reference standard ; the specificity for hemoglobin is increased by subtracting the fluorescence of a sample blank prepared with citric acid to correct for the potential confounding effect of existing non-specific substances.

ClamAV is currently tested daily in comparative tests against other antivirus products on Shadowserver.

ClamAV was included in comparative tests against other antivirus products.

Lamb, who would go on to play a total of 201 international matches for England ( 79 Tests, 122 One-Day Internationals ), was regarded as a fine player of fast bowling, but like a large number of South African-born batsmen he had a comparative weakness against spin, and his final average of 36 in Tests from over 4, 500 runs did not do justice to his ability.

This Völkerpsychologie ( folk or comparative psychology ) is one of the chief developments of the Herbartian theory of philosophy ; it is a protest not only against the so-called scientific standpoint of natural philosophers, but also against the individualism of the positivists.

In comparative studies, IR3535 was as effective or better than DEET in protection against mosquitoes.

In May 1865, Alim Quli lost his life while defending Tashkent against the Russians ; many of his soldiers ( primarily, of Kyrgyz and Kipchak background ) deemed it advisable to flee for comparative safety of Kashgaria.

Hildebrand is pleased that Nolte denies the singularity of the Nazi atrocities ” Hans Mommsen defended Habermas against Hildebrand by writing :“ Hildebrand ’ s partisan shots can be easily deflected ; that Habermas is accused of a “ loss of reality and Manichaeanism ”, and that his honesty is denied is witness to the self-consciousness of a self-nominated historian elite, which has set itself the task of tracing the outlines of the seeming badly needed image of history ” Writing of Hildebrand's support for Nolte, Mommsen declared that: “ Hildebrand ’ s polemic clearly suggests that he barely considered the consequences of making Nolte ’ s constructs the centrepiece of a modern German conservatism that is very anxious to relativize the National Socialist experience and to find the way back to a putative historically “ normal situation ” In another essay, Mommsen wrote that Hildebrand was gulity of hypocrisy because Hildebrand had until 1986 always claimed that generic fascism was invalid concept because of the " singularity " of the Holocaust Mommsen wrote that " Klaus Hildebrand explicitly took sides with Nolte's view when he gave his previously stubbornly claimed singularity of National Socialism ( failing to appreciate that was, as is well known, the standard criticism of the comparative fascism theory )" Martin Broszat observed that when Hildebrand organized a conference of right-wing German historians under the auspices of the Schleyer Foundation in West Berlin in September 1986, he did not invite Nolte, whom Broszat observed lived in Berlin.

The multidisciplinary approach is good for the flexibility it offers, yet comparative programs do have a case to answer against the call that their research lacks a " seamless whole ".

The decreased output of the good or service traded from one nation with a high comparative advantage to a nation of lower comparative advantage works against creating more efficiency and therefore against more overall surplus.