As Steve Wozniak, the creator of Integer BASIC and the only person who understood it well enough to add floating point features, was busy with the Disk II drive and controller and with Apple DOS, Apple turned to Microsoft, who was the BASIC vendor of choice after their success with Altair BASIC, and licensed a 10 KB assembly language version of BASIC dubbed " Applesoft.

The first version of the Aster consisted of four " Eurocard's ", one Z80 CPU card with 64KB memory, one Motorola MC6845 based video card, one double density floppy disk controller card and one " keyboard / RS232 / cassette interface " card.

Because the original designer had left the company another employee completely redesigned most of the system, ( adding a display snow remover circuit, true 80 / 64 column text mode support, ( with different size letters for TRS-80 and CP / M mode, so that in TRS-80 mode the full screen was also used, not just a 64x16 portion of the 80x25 screen ) with an improved font set ( adding " gray scale " version of the TRS-80 mozaik graphics and many special PETSCII like characters ), and a more flexible and reliable floppy disk controller and keyboard interface plus many other small improvements ), also an enclosure was developed for the main computer system, ( in the form of a 19-inch rack for the Eurocards ) and for two floppy disk drives and the power supply.

This is done by adding eight extra 8-bit buses which allow the graphics controller to issue new AGP requests and commands at the same time with other AGP data flowing via the main 32 address / data ( AD ) lines.

Atari 5200 system with controller, game cartridges and packaging

The 360-degree non-centering joystick was touted as offering more control than the eight-way joystick controller offered with the Atari 2600.

The 5200 also featured a revolutionary new controller with an analog joystick, numeric keypad, two fire buttons on each side of the controller and game function keys for Start, Pause, and Reset.

Atari 7800 System ( PAL system with Joypad controller )

The Atari 7800 came bundled with the Atari Proline Joystick a two button controller with a joystick for movement.

Additional improvements were made in Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2, and with the release of the latter the domain controller role was renamed Active Directory Domain Services.

The control pads have screw holes in their centers, so that one could transform them into a joystick, as with the later Sega Master System's controller.

In addition, Commodore made the drive's controller board smaller and having a lower chip count than the early 1541s ( which had a large PCB with dozens of TTL chips running the length of the case ).

Even though each 1541 had its own on board disk controller and disk operating system, it was not possible for a user to command two 1541 drives to copy a disk ( one drive reading and the other writing ) as with older dual drives like the 4040 and 8050 that were often found with the PET computer, and which the 1541 was backward compatible to ( it could read 4040 disks but not write to them since its internal Operating System was essentially the same ).

This controller chip, however, was the seat of some early problems with 1581 drives when the first production runs were recalled due to a high failure rate ; the problem was quickly corrected.

Its name comes from the information path in the system: process inputs ( e. g., voltage applied to an electric motor ) have an effect on the process outputs ( e. g., speed or torque of the motor ), which is measured with sensors and processed by the controller ; the result ( the control signal ) is " fed back " as input to the process, closing the loop.

with the PID controller transfer function

The driving controller is also compatible with the games Destructor and Dukes Of Hazzard.

Reading Atari 8-bit 130kB or 180kB disks was possible as well with special software, but the standard Atari 8-bit 90kB format, which used FM rather than MFM encoding, could not be handled by the 1571 hardware without modifying the drive circuitry as the control line that determines if FM or MFM encoding is used by the disc controller chip was permanently wired to ground ( MFM mode ) rather than being under software control.

Another approach to hardware support for database management was ICL's CAFS accelerator, a hardware disk controller with programmable search capabilities.

Hasegawa also created the first commercially available electronic turbo timer and boost controller.

The horsepower was increased to 185 hp by outfitting the cars with the " red box " APC controller, a 2. 8-bar fuel pressure regulator ( base turbo was 2. 5 bar ), and a distributor with enhanced vacuum advance.

On this controller, the turbo buttons are labeled " dial-a-speed " buttons.

For example, a controller might consist of only a button and a joystick, while another may feature a dozen buttons and one or more joysticks.

They also released it as an Atari-compatible controller called " Video Command " it was also first released without the extra fire button, before that only the downwards plunge motion was connected and acted as the fire button, the pull-up and twist actions weren't connected to anything.

There always must also be some sort of input device, usually in the form of button / joystick combinations ( on arcade games ), a keyboard & mouse / trackball combination ( computer games ), or a controller ( console games ), or a combination of any of the above.

A total of seven types of shot are possible using only the one main button of the controller.

The Master System controller has only 2 buttons, one of which additionally performs the function of the traditional " Start " button ; the pause button is on the game console itself.

Most of these hidden areas have a collection of colored crystals that are arranged to mirror the button colors and locations on the traditional Super Nintendo controller ; in a game very reminiscent of Simon, the player is required to repeat a series of tones that sound when a crystal lights up, using the buttons on the controller, to acquire hidden items.

The NES version of Arkanoid was originally packaged with what's considered one of the rarest of all NES controllers, the Vaus Controller: a small gray controller featuring one button, a small spinner ( with limited turn radius ), an adjustment port, and the Taito logo.

* Remote controller button 8

Although GoldenEye is controlled with a pad rather than a light gun, Hollis credited Virtua Cop as an influence on the developers ' adoption of features such as gun reloading, position-dependent hit reaction animations, penalties for killing innocent characters, and an alternate aiming system that is activated upon pressing the R button of the Nintendo 64 controller.

Although variants also exist, as in the Parodius series, and button naming can differ depending on the controller used, the classic Famicom or NES combination is: Up, Up, Down, Down, Left, Right, Left, Right, B, A.

The player may also switch into first-person perspective to allow for a 360 ° view using the START button or right analog stick on the game controller.

places a gyro on the red or blue button, it pushes the A or B button on the second NES controller, moving the pillar of the corresponding color.

On some earlier equipment, pressure was not maintained on the entire controller, but on a large button protruding from the controller handle.

A back up dead-man's switch button is provided on the side of the controller for use in the case of a failed touch sensor or if it is too cold to remove gloves.

That year, Tehkan also released Tehkan World Cup, one of the first multiplayer soccer football games featuring a trackball controller, where a button was used for kicking the ball and the trackball used for the direction and speed of the shot, with gameplay that was fairly realistic.

Also, at least one GameCube controller must be plugged in for access to the Game Boy Player's internal menu, which can be accessed by pressing the Z button.

The overall button layout resembles that of the Super Nintendo Entertainment System controller.

The button color changed to a darker shade of purple, and the controller had a new designation code i. e. SNS-102.

There is also a button on the Xbox controller that allows users to skip past songs they don't like.