* Hertzsprung – Russell diagram – Relates absolute magnitude or luminosity versus spectral color or surface temperature.

: ' Rutherford – Bohr model ' and ' Bohr-Rutherford diagram ' redirect to this page.

The outcome of a cladistic analysis is a cladogram – a tree-shaped diagram ( dendrogram ) that represents a phylogenetic hypothesis, a hypothesis on evolutionary relationships.

In this diagram, abcd is a cylindrical vessel, cd is a movable piston, and A and B are constant – temperature bodies.

In cladograms, the clade the authors are most interested in is usually shown in greater detail and as far away from the root – the base – as possible, commonly in the top left corner ( if the root is at the bottom ) or, like in the diagram above, at the bottom ( if the root is to the left or right ).

This is known as the mirror image rule and is related to the Franck – Condon principle which states that electronic transitions are vertical, that is energy changes without distance changing as can be represented with a vertical line in Jablonski diagram.

An unusual feature of the water phase diagram is that the solid – liquid phase line ( illustrated by the dotted green line ) has a negative slope.

Another interesting though not unusual feature of the phase diagram is the point where the solid – liquid phase line meets the liquid – gas phase line.

An atom in level 2 may decay by spontaneous emission to the ground state, releasing a photon of frequency ν < sub > 12 </ sub > ( given by E < sub > 2 </ sub > – E < sub > 1 </ sub > = hν < sub > 12 </ sub >), which is shown as the transition L, called the laser transition in the diagram.

The basic rule is that if we have the probability amplitude for a given complex process involving more than one electron, then when we include ( as we always must ) the complementary Feynman diagram in which we just exchange two electron events, the resulting amplitude is the reverse – the negative – of the first.

A plot of the temperature of many stars against their luminosities, known as a Hertzsprung – Russell diagram ( H – R diagram ), allows the age and evolutionary state of a star to be determined.

Stars of roughly 0. 5 – 10 solar masses become red giants: large non-main sequence stars of stellar classification K or M. Red giants lie along the right edge of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram due to their red color and large luminosity.

The dial switch in the base interrupted the line current by repeatedly but very briefly disconnecting the line 1 – 10 times for each digit, and the hook switch ( in the center of the circuit diagram ) disconnected the line and the transmitter battery while the handset was on the cradle.

The angle θ is the angle between the hypotenuse and the adjacent line – the angle at A in the accompanying diagram.

A diagram of the Earth – Moon system showing how the tidal bulge is pushed ahead by the Earth's rotation.

All four regions can be seen in a spacetime diagram which uses Kruskal – Szekeres coordinates.

In this spacetime, it is possible to come up with coordinate systems such that if you pick a hypersurface of constant time ( a set of points that all have the same time coordinate, such that every point on the surface has a space-like separation, giving what is called a ' space-like surface ') and draw an " embedding diagram " depicting the curvature of space at that time, the embedding diagram will look like a tube connecting the two exterior regions, known as an " Einstein – Rosen bridge ".

This was the two-fluid theory of electricity, which was to be opposed by Benjamin Franklin's one-fluid theory later in the century. Late 1780s diagram of Galvani's experiment on frog legs.

Late 1780s diagram of Galvani's experiment on frog legs

The diagram shows a typical optical experiment.

Schematic of double-slit experiment in which Aharonov – Bohm effect can be observed: electrons pass through two slits, interfering at an observation screen, with the interference pattern shifted when a magnetic field B is turned on in the cylindrical solenoid, marked in blue on the diagram.

The Punnett square is a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.

The diagram shows a typical optical experiment of the two-channel kind for which Alain Aspect set a precedent in 1982 ( Aspect, 1982a ).

* Experimental design diagram, a diagram used by scientists, to design an experiment

Experimentally, it is hard to map the phase diagram of quark matter because it has been rather difficult to learn how to tune to high enough temperatures and density in the laboratory experiment using collisions of relativistic heavy ions as experimental tools.

The Michelson – Morley experiment compared the time for light to reflect from mirrors in two orthogonal directions.

This too was shown to be incorrect by the Michelson – Gale – Pearson experiment, which detected the Sagnac effect due to Earth's rotation ( s. Aether drag hypothesis )

Box plot of the Michelson – Morley experiment, showing several summary statistics.

The resultant theory copes with experiment better than classical mechanics, e. g. in the Michelson – Morley experiment that supports postulate 2, but also has many surprising consequences.

These are the Michelson – Morley experiment, the Kennedy – Thorndike experiment, and the Ives – Stilwell experiment.

The Michelson – Morley experiment was designed to detect second order effects of the " aether wind " – the motion of the aether relative to the earth.

The interpretation of the null result of the Michelson – Morley experiment is that the round-trip travel time for light is isotropic ( independent of direction ), but the result alone is not enough to discount the theory of the aether or validate the predictions of special relativity.

While the Michelson – Morley experiment showed that the velocity of light is isotropic, it said nothing about how the magnitude of the velocity changed ( if at all ) in different inertial frames.

* May 9 – Albert Abraham Michelson, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1852 )

* Physics – Albert Abraham Michelson

* December 19 – Albert Abraham Michelson, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1931 )

The Michelson – Morley experiment was used to disprove that light propagated through a luminiferous aether.

* 1923 – 1927 Albert Abraham Michelson

Imaging Michelson spectrometers are a possibility, but in general have been supplanted by imaging Fabry – Pérot instruments which are easier to construct.

* 1887 – Albert Michelson and Edward Morley in their experiment do not detect the ether drift

* 1913 – Albert Michelson measures tides in the solid body of the Earth

The Michelson – Morley experiment was performed in 1887 by Albert Michelson and Edward Morley at what is now Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.

In 1886, Michelson and Morley successfully confirmed Fresnel's drag coefficient – this result was also considered as a confirmation of the stationary aether concept.

On the other hand, the much more precise Michelson – Morley experiment ( 1887 ) apparently confirmed complete aether dragging and refuted the stationary aether.