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A distributed system consists of multiple autonomous computers that communicate through a computer network.
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At the centre of Alfred's reformed military defence system was a network of fortresses, or burhs, distributed at strategic points throughout the kingdom.
NBP was a dynamic, distributed system for managing AppleTalk names.
The backbone cabal was an informal organization of large-site administrators of the worldwide distributed newsgroup-based discussion system Usenet.
Released in 1989, it has been distributed widely as the shell for the GNU operating system and as the default shell on Linux and.
* Sun Grid Engine – A free and open source distributed resource management system.
For many decades thereafter, historians derided the Parliamentary Republic as a quarrel-prone system that merely distributed spoils and clung to its laissez-faire policy while national problems mounted.
In the most common system, multiple television channels ( as many as 500 ) are distributed to subscriber residences through a coaxial cable, which comes from a trunkline supported on utility poles originating at the cable company's local distribution facility, called the headend.
The Domain Name System ( DNS ) is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network.
The Domain Name System is maintained by a distributed database system, which uses the client-server model.
A computer program that runs in a distributed system is called a distributed program, and distributed programming is the process of writing such programs.
The word distributed in terms such as " distributed system ", " distributed programming ", and " distributed algorithm " originally referred to computer networks where individual computers were physically distributed within some geographical area.
While there is no single definition of a distributed system, the following defining properties are commonly used:
A distributed system may have a common goal, such as solving a large computational problem.
Alternatively, each computer may have its own user with individual needs, and the purpose of the distributed system is to coordinate the use of shared resources or provide communication services to the users.
* The structure of the system ( network topology, network latency, number of computers ) is not known in advance, the system may consist of different kinds of computers and network links, and the system may change during the execution of a distributed program.
( a )–( b ) A distributed system.
distributed and consists
In both cases, it is assumed that the training set consists of a sample of independent and identically distributed pairs,.
Unlike parallel systems, in which the processors are tightly coupled and constitute a single database system, a distributed database system consists of loosely coupled sites that share no physical components.
The nervous system usually consists of a distributed net of cells, although some species possess more organised nerve rings.
Today, the Service consists of a central administrative office with eight regional offices and nearly 700 field offices distributed throughout the United States.
Each cadet squadron consists of about 110 cadets, roughly evenly distributed among the four classes.
A typical DCS consists of functionally and / or geographically distributed digital controllers capable of executing from 1 to 256 or more regulatory control loops in one control box.
The game galaxy consists of 40 planets distributed about the map.
In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy.
The family consists of about 200 species in 6 genera, distributed wherever there is freshwater habitat ; it is the only extant member of superfamily Haliploidea.
The laser resonator consists of two distributed Bragg reflector ( DBR ) mirrors parallel to the wafer surface with an active region consisting of one or more quantum wells for the laser light generation in between.
This family consists of about 170-200 species in eight genera, distributed primarily in the temperate areas of Europe and the Mediterranean basin, but also found in North America ; a limited number of species are found in South America.
However many source ports add support for gameplay mods, which is usually optional ( e. g. DarkPlaces consists of a source port engine and a gameplay mod that are even distributed separately ).
There are also long-lived distributed transactions, for example a transaction to book a trip, which consists of booking a flight, a rental car and a hotel.
It consists of 79 branches, including a central library, two regional libraries, and branches distributed throughout the city.
La Araucana consists of 37 cantos that are distributed across the poem ’ s three parts.
A wireless sensor network ( WSN ) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc.
It has a population of 588 inhabitants, being they distributed among the three main districts which the town consists of:
A distributed memory computer consists of a collection of independent computers, called nodes.
The Corpus consists of 500 samples, distributed across 15 genres in rough proportion to the amount published in 1961 in each of those genres.
A single vector instruction consists of four 32-bit IEEE compliant single-precision floating-point values which are distributed to the four single-precision ( 32-bit ) FMAC units for processing.
The most prominent system, GPS, consists of a constellation of 31 satellites ( as of June 2011 ) in high, 12-hour circular orbits, distributed in six planes with 55 ° inclinations.
The original EP consists of nine songs distributed across eight tracks.
It now consists of about 190 species, distributed worldwide but with the majority in western North America ( about 130 species ) and Australia ( about 30 species ).
As of 2005 the archdiocese consists of 201 parishes ( församlingar or socknar ) distributed over 86 larger parishes ( called pastorat ) and a smaller number of deaneries.
distributed and multiple
Many scientists have found it difficult to reconcile the fact that information is distributed across multiple brain areas with the apparent unity of consciousness: this is one aspect of the so-called binding problem.
Their correspondence was never published in the media, nonetheless it was sent to Michael Barrier, who had conducted the interview with Clampett and was distributed by Jones to multiple people concerned with animation over the years.
* To provide resilience in the event of computer failure, multiple DNS servers are usually provided for coverage of each domain, and at the top level, thirteen very powerful root servers exist, with additional " copies " of several of them distributed worldwide via Anycast.
In general it typically refers to a modular DBMS architecture that allows distinct DBMS instances to cooperate as a single DBMS over processes, computers, and sites, while managing a single database distributed itself over multiple computers, and different sites.
Occasionally a database employs storage redundancy by database objects replication ( with one or more copies ) to increase data availability ( both to improve performance of simultaneous multiple end-user accesses to a same database object, and to provide resiliency in a case of partial failure of a distributed database ).
Occasionally a database employs storage redundancy by database objects replication ( with one or more copies ) to increase data availability ( both to improve performance of simultaneous multiple end-user accesses to a same database object, and to provide resiliency in a case of partial failure of a distributed database ).
This allowed the system to be distributed over multiple processors, either using shared memory directly as in most Mach messages, or by adding code to copy the message to another processor if needed.
" Opening rounds of argument were embodied in John of Legnano's defense of the election, De fletu ecclesiæ, written and incrementally revised between 1378 and 1380, which Urban caused to be distributed in multiple copies, and in the numerous rebuttals that soon appeared.
Thus for a large or very distributed company that requires multiple PBXs, users can receive the same services across the network and be unaware of the switch that their telephone is connected to.
In practice redundancy is provided both in the form of additional connectivity from server to the network as well as in the servers themselves, using features like RAID 5 or better, distributed server ( multiple networked servers appearing as one server to the users ), VMWare High Availability and Fault Tolerance or Citrix XenApp's load balancing.
It tends to be most accurate when values are distributed across multiple orders of magnitude.
A distributed denial of service attack ( DDoS ) occurs when multiple systems flood the bandwidth or resources of a targeted system, usually one or more web servers.
The major advantages to an attacker of using a distributed denial-of-service attack are that: multiple machines can generate more attack traffic than one machine, multiple attack machines are harder to turn off than one attack machine, and that the behavior of each attack machine can be stealthier, making it harder to track and shut down.
Collections of data ( e. g. in a database ) can be distributed across multiple physical locations.
* Protection of valuable data — if there were ever a catastrophic event such as a fire, all of the data would not be in one place, but distributed in multiple locations.
Distributed switching is an architecture in which multiple processor-controlled switching units are distributed.
The EJB 2. 0 specification addressed this concern by adding the concept of local interfaces which could be called directly without performance penalties by applications that were not distributed over multiple servers.
The Java Transaction API ( JTA ), one of the Java Enterprise Edition ( Java EE ) APIs, enables distributed transactions to be done across multiple X / Open XA resources in a Java environment.
A chain letter may qualify as a fraudulent activity, as in the case of a pyramid scheme which asks recipients to funnel money up the chain while requesting the letter be distributed to multiple new recipients.
One feature of distributed grids is that they can be formed from computing resources belonging to multiple individuals or organizations ( known as multiple administrative domains ).
NFS version 4. 1 ( RFC 5661, January 2010 ) aims to provide protocol support to take advantage of clustered server deployments including the ability to provide scalable parallel access to files distributed among multiple servers ( pNFS extension ).
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