Once part of royal and ducal lands, the forest is now overseen by the French forestry commission, the National Forests Office.

During his absence, Regent Christine had gained control of the fortresses granted to Thomas Francis as part of the settlement of the Piedmontese Civil War ( legally, these reverted to ducal control when the Duke came of age, which under Piedmontese law Charles Emmanuel did in 1648, though his mother remained in control of the government ; Christine, accompanied by her son and part of the ducal army, entered Ivrea and dismissed Thomas ' personal garrison ; she appointed Thomas Francis instead as governor or Asti and Alba, positions which sweetened the blow but were entirely under ducal control, not guaranteed by treaty.

During his absence, Regent Christine had gained control of the fortresses granted to Thomas as part of the settlement of the Piedmontese Civil War ( legally, these reverted to ducal control when the Duke came of age, which under Piedmontese law Charles Emmanuel did in 1648, though his mother remained in control of the government ; Christine, accompanied by her son and part of the ducal army, entered Ivrea and dismissed Thomas ' personal garrison ; she appointed Thomas instead as governor or Asti and Alba, positions which sweetened the blow but were entirely under ducal control, not guaranteed by treaty.

During the war with Siena, Cellini was appointed to strengthen the defences of his native city, and, though rather shabbily treated by his ducal patrons, he continued to gain the admiration of his fellow-citizens by the magnificent works which he produced.

In 1819, he was appointed teacher of classics in the Gelehrtenschule at Dessau, and in 1820 librarian to the ducal library.

In 1064, the city was placed under a line of puppet dukes, appointed by the Capuan princes, who had usurped the ducal and consular titles.

Brenz who had thus far lived at Stuttgart, Tübingen, Ehningen, and Sindelfingen as counselor of the duke, was made provost of the Cathedral of Stuttgart, Sept. 24, 1554, and appointed ducal counselor for life.

In 1885, he returned to Meiningen, where he received the title of Hofrat, and was appointed ducal librarian.

From then on, the bishops alternated between Lutherans and Catholic office holders ; the Protestant bishops were appointed by the nearby Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and were generally cadet members of the ducal family.

Apart from several elements of the ducal palace in Dijon ( Tour de Bar ), we find the château de Germolles, largely preserved.

In France, the battle was officially commemorated in a rare way: apart from the Battle of Magenta ( in the Italian Campaign ), it was the only one of Emperor Napoléon III Bonaparte's exploits to lead to the awarding of a victory title ( both of ducal rank ); this distinction was bestowed upon Marshal Pélissier.

The barons in Brittany did not feel that they were in any way vassals of the duke, owing him service in exchange for their lands, and only attended the ducal courts when they felt it was in their own interests to do so.

) baronial and ducal chapters function in essentially the same way as those chapters headed by emperor and empresses.

The monastery of St. Zachary and the first ducal palace and basilica of St. Mark, as well as a walled defense ( civitatis murus ) between Olivolo and Rialto were subsequently built here.

In 1803, the Boheman affair caused a severe conflict between Gustav IV Adolf and the ducal couple.

The ducal palace was situated on a triangle between the River Aller and its tributary, the Fuhse.

The key difference between the ducal titles from the Vasa era and those handed out from Gustav III up until the present day is that they now are merely non-hereditary courtesy titles given at birth with no feudal rights attached.

* Holstein-Rendsburg, branch county between 1290 and 1474, partitioned from Holstein-Itzehoe, acquired a share of Holstein-Segeberg ( first ) in 1316, and Holstein-Kiel in 1390, in 1381 / 1384 Holstein-Segeberg ( second ) was partitioned from Holstein-Rendsburg, but reverted in 1403, elevated to ducal rank in 1474

* Haderslev ducal share in Holstein and Schleswig, partitioned from ducal Holstein in 1544, halfed between Gottorp and royal share in 1580

The 1064 – 1065 War between Brittany and Normandy was sparked after Duke William supported the rebellion against Conan II led by Rivallon I of Dol, the Duke of Dol-Combourg ( Dol-Combourg was a ducal archbishopric reporting to the Pope in Rome if not the Metropolitan of Tours ).

The shield was an heraldic map of the county: at the top was a gold ducal coronet from the arms of the city of Hull between two white Yorkshire roses, while at the bottom of the shield were two gold fleurs-de-lis representing Lincolnshire.

Richard II was the first to be styled duke of Normandy ( the ducal title became established between 987 – 1006 ).

It was demoted to a ducal rank in 1363 and awarded to a cadet branch inheritance via salic law that was divided between two heirs as a territorial remnant of the Second Kingdom of Burgundy other portions passed to another cadet branch as well as the Free County of Burgundy.

Feuds between a king and ducal brothers were common, and ended at times in assassination and fratricide.

The sons of Frederick I established the ducal house of Württemberg-Neuenstadt, a branch line of the House of Württemberg after a Fürstbrüderlicher Vergleich — a mutual agreement made between ducal brothers on 7 June 1617.

: Or, a Bear rampant Sable armed and langued Gules holding between its forepaws a mullet Argent, on a chief Sable standing on a ducal coronet Or a Falcon Argent armed and langued Gules wings displayed and inverted.

The issue of the Privilegium Minus document is to be seen before the backdrop of the conflict between the Imperial House of Hohenstaufen and the ducal House of Welf in the Holy Roman Empire.

In the last years of the duchy, an increasing number was seen of clashes between the liberals and the ducal government, especially in Carrara.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, the duchy was divided several times between agnates of the ducal house.

In 485 the Tian killed the ducal heir and fought several rival clans.

The Great Hall (‘' Riddersal ’’) is 34 meters long and was the reception room for ducal guests, and the scene of parties and dances.

Two years later, according to legend, King Andrew called Béla back to his court, and placed before him a crown and a sword, representing royal and ducal power, respectively, and asked Béla to take his choice.

Upon their return, they engaged Nikolay Krasnov, Yalta's most fashionable architect, responsible for the grand ducal residences in Koreiz, to prepare plans for a brand new imperial palace.

Abensberg then lost its independence and became a part of the Duchy of Bavaria, and from then on was administered by a ducal official, the so-called caretaker.

The tower is decorated with monograms of Jesus ( JHS ), Maria ( M with the ducal crown ) and Joseph ( JHP ), made ​​ of ceramic pieces that stand out golden on the green background that covers the facade.

Sluter was also responsible for the main part of the work on Philip's tomb, which ( restored and partly reconstructed ) has been moved to the Museum of Fine Arts which is housed in the former ducal palace in Dijon.

The President resides in Áras an Uachtaráin in the Phoenix Park, while both houses of the Oireachtas meet in Leinster House, a former ducal palace on Kildare Street.

Eleanor or Aliénor was the oldest of three children of William X, Duke of Aquitaine, whose glittering ducal court was on the leading edge of early – 12th-century culture, and his wife, Aenor de Châtellerault, the daughter of Aimeric I, Viscount of Châtellerault, and Dangereuse, who was William IX's longtime mistress as well as Eleanor's maternal grandmother.

They were later joined ( 1008 ) by a new bishopric erected on former ducal territory, Bamberg.

As early as 1488, when his father was in East Frisia fighting on behalf of the emperor, George was regent of the ducal possessions, which included the Margraviate of Meissen with the cities of Dresden and Leipzig.

These troubles outside of his Saxon possessions did not prevent George from bestowing much care on the government of the ducal territory proper.

According to this source, the grand ducal house of Schwerin used a flag of 3. 75 to 5. 625 M with the middle arms on a white quadrant ( 1. 75 M ) in the middle.

Ploughing on a French ducal manor in March Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry | Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, c. 1410

Earlier dukes had been illegitimate, and William's association with his father on ducal charters appears to indicate that William was considered Robert's most likely heir.

Town after town surrendered: in 1141, Verneuil, Nonancourt, Lisieux, Falaise ; in 1142, Mortain, Saint-Hilaire, Pontorson ; in 1143, Avranches, Saint-Lô, Cérences, Coutances, Cherbourg ; in the beginning of 1144 he entered Rouen, and on 19 January received the ducal crown in its cathedral.

Emboldened by the promotion, and incensed over the imposition of a new tax on ducal lords, Lothair subsequently revolted against Henry's rule and denied Henry's ability to rule Saxony during the Investiture Controversy.

Apart from the palace in the center, the ducal family had a large palace on the banks of the Rhine, known as Schloss Biebrich.

The heir to the grand duke of Luxembourg may be titled prince-lieutenant (' prince deputy ') during a period in which the incumbent remains formally on the grand ducal throne, but ( progressively, most ) functions of the crown are performed by the ' monarch apprentice ', as prince Jean ( still alive ) did 4 May 1961-12 November 1964 in the last years of his mother Charlotte's reign ( she lived until 1985 ), and Jean's own son prince Henri 3 March 1998-7 October 2000 until his father abdicated and he succeeded.

When the Plantagenet dynasty came to an end at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485, only four ducal titles remained extant, of which two were now permanently associated with the crown.

The ducal stronghold was founded just before AD 940 on the Lech Hill, and surrounded with some fortified suburbs and open settlements.

* There is a ducal castle dating from the 12th century on the Keizersberg (" Emperor's Mountain ") which was demolished in the 17th Century.

The flag of Liechtenstein () consists of two equal horizontal bands of blue ( top ) and red with a gold ducal crown on the hoist side of the blue band.

Most ducal graves can be found on the highest spot of Edensor's churchyard in the Cavendish family plot.

The bathers stayed in Doberan and played on slot machines ( the ducal resort coffers collected 30, 000 thalers of royalties from Doberan's casinos ), dancing, and horse racing ( probably the first horse race in Germany took place here on 10 August 1822 ).

The approach continues through the great portico into the hall, its ceiling painted by James Thornhill with the Duke's apotheosis, then on under a great triumphal arch, through the huge marble door-case with the Duke's marble effigy above it ( bearing the ducal plaudit " Nor could Augustus better calm mankind "), and into the painted saloon, the most highly decorated room in the palace, where the Duke was to have sat enthroned.

However, the ducal family still entertain in the state rooms, and dine on special occasions in the saloon, around the great silver centrepiece depicting the 1st Duke of Marlborough on horseback — the same piece that Consuelo Vanderbilt liked to call her cache mari because it conveniently hid her detested husband, across the table, from view.