While Shang Yang ( the Prime Minister of Duke Xiao of Qin ) would allow rulers to listen to musical instruments rather than focus on foreign policy, Han Fei ( the Legalist scholar most admired by the First Qin Emperor, Qin Shi Huangdi ) demanded more of the wise ruler.

Matthias took advantage of the memory left by his father's deed, and by the general population's dislike of foreign candidates ; most the barons, furthermore, considered that the young scholar would be a weak monarch in their hands.

Among these foreign talents, Wei Yang ( later renamed to Shang Yang ), a scholar from the Legalist School, successfully conducted a series of reforms in Qin with the support of Duke Xiao, despite facing strong opposition from several Qin politicians.

* the Grande Médaille, awarded annually, in rotation, in the relevant disciplines of each division of the Academy, to a French or foreign scholar who has contributed to the development of science in a decisive way.

The geneticist Sérgio Pena criticised foreign scholar Edward Telles for lumping " blacks " and " pardos " in the same category, given the predominant European ancestry of the " pardos " throughout Brazil.

Formerly also an associate professor of English as a foreign language, as of 7 February 2012 he is an affiliate scholar at the East-West Center.

Manne, who called the book ‘ one of the most implausible, ignorant and pitiless books about Australian history written for many years ’, himself summed up the case against Windschuttle, noting that Windschuttle's evidence for Aboriginal deaths is derived from a scholar, Plomley, who denied that any estimate for them could be made from the documentary record ; that a scrupulous conservative scholar, H. A. Willis, using exactly the same sources as Windschuttle, came up with a figure of 188 violent deaths, and another 145 rumoured deaths ; that Windschuttle's method excludes deaths of aborigines who were wounded, and later died ; that all surviving Aborigines transported by Robinson to Flinders ' Island bore marks of violence and gunshot wounds ' perpetrated on them by depraved whites '; that Windschuttle cannot deny that between 1803 and 1834 almost all Tasmanian Aborigines died, and the only evidence for disease as a factor before 1829 rests on a single conversation recorded by James Bonwick, and that Aboriginal women who lived with sealers did not, however, die off from contact with bearers of foreign disease ; that Windschuttle likened Aboriginal attacks on British settlers to ‘ modern-day junkies raiding service stations for money ’, whereas both colonial records and modern historians speak of them as highly ' patriotic ', attached to their lands, and engaged in a veritable war to defend it from settlement ; that by Windschuttle's own figures, the violent death rate of Aborigines in Tasmania in the 1820s must have been 360 times the murder rate in contemporary New York ; that Windschuttle shows scarce familiarity with period books, citing only 3 of the 30 books published on Van Diemen's land for the period 1803-1834, and with one of them confuses the date of the first visit by the French with the publication date of the volume that recounted their expedition ; that it is nonsensical to argue that a people who had wandered over an island and survived for 34, 000 years had no attachment to their land ; that Windschuttle finds no native words in 19th century wordlists for ' land ' to attest to such an attachment, when modern wordlists show 23 entries under ' country '.

In addition to his political aspirations, Yorinaga was a scholar of sorts who kept detailed memoirs that described his studies in Indian logic and other foreign studies.

Grossman is a native of Los Angeles, California and a veteran diplomat and foreign policy scholar.

" The Act's reliance on such a broad reading of the Commerce Clause was criticized by Independence Institute scholar David Kopel and University of Tennessee law professor Glenn Reynolds, who noted that " nless a physician is operating a mobile abortion clinic on the Metroliner, it is not really possible to perform an abortion ' in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce.

Later, Melville scholar Harrison Hayford made a detailed study of these sources and, in the introduction to a 1969 edition of Omoo, summed up the author's practice like this: " He had altered facts and dates, elaborated events, assimilated foreign materials, invented episodes, and dramatized the printed experiences of others as his own.

His father was a scholar and an officer in charge of foreign affairs in Ningbo ( 寧波 ), and a number of his family members were government officials.

Chaudhry Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, KCSI ( February 6, 1893-September 1, 1985 ) was a Pakistani politician, diplomat, international jurist, and scholar of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, known for drafting the Pakistan Resolution, first foreign minister of Pakistan, for his representation of Pakistan at the United Nations, and serving as a judge at the International Court of Justice in The Hague.

The scholar T. F. O ' Rahilly suggested that, as in many such " returned exile " stories, Túathal represented an entirely foreign invasion which established a dynasty in Ireland, whose dynastic propagandists fabricated an Irish origin for him to give him some spurious legitimacy.

* Tweede Nuwe Jaar 2001 A foreign scholar joins the Lentegeur Entertainers.

Karl Friedrich Hermann Roesler ( 18 December 1834 – 2 December 1894 ) was a German legal scholar, economist, and foreign advisor to the Meiji period Empire of Japan.

Jerusalem based scholar Seth J. Frantzman writes that opposition to Hindu Nationalism and its denunciation by leftists as " fascist " or " racist " are related to their own antisemitism and opposition to Zionism, and that both Zionism and Hindu Nationalism are " united in the aspirations of unique peoples and states ", and " both grew out of a long suppressed and colonized peoples ' dreams for their own country free from foreign rule ".

He is also a visiting scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he has written Running the World: The Inside Story of the National Security Council and the Architects of American Power ( 2005 ), a behind-the-scenes history of how foreign policy is made in the White House, and Superclass: The Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making.

A scholar of foreign policy especially as it relates to human rights, genocide, and AIDS, she is currently the Anna Lindh Professor of Practice of Global Leadership and Public Policy at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government.

By the time Esther was written, the foreign power visible on the horizon as a future threat to Judah was the Macedonians of Alexander the Great, who defeated the Persian empire about 150 years after the time of the story of Esther ; the Septuagint version noticeably calls Haman a " bully " ( βουγαῖον ) where the Hebrew text describes him as an Agagite.

At first, the leading personalities of the system were British foreign secretary Lord Castlereagh, Austrian chancellor Klemens Wenzel, Prince von Metternich and Tsar Alexander I of Russia.

* October 9 – King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister Louis Barthou are assassinated during the king's state visit in Marseilles.

* April 6 – Alexander Bezborodko, the Grand Chancellor of Russia and the architect of Catherine the Great's foreign policy ( b. 1747 )

A scholarship program of the Alexander von Humboldt foundation for foreign scholars from developing countries is named after him.

On January 23, 2012, Finance Minister Alexander Chikwanda announced that Zambia would rebase the kwacha currency by lopping off three zeros, a move that should make it easier for foreign investors to participate in the economy.

Some films depicted the part of peoples of the Soviet Union against foreign invaders: " Alexander Nevsky " by Eisenstein, " Minin and Pozharsky " by Pudvokin, and " Bogdan Khmelnitsky " by Savchenko.

On inauguration day, Secretary of State-designate Alexander Haig presented a draft National Security Decision Directive ( NSDD ) on the organization of U. S. foreign policy to Presidential Counselor Edwin Meese III.

Ministers and senior officials built villas around the royal castle, and many foreign tourists visited the city as well, including Tsar Alexander II of Russia.

In the same year, Alexander also forced the resignation of his ethnic Venetian / Greek foreign minister, Count Giovanni Capo d ' Istria ( Ioannis Kapodistrias, later president of the First Hellenic Republic ), for his passionate advocacy of the Greek cause.

For the foreign powers, and particularly the British ambassador, the marriage was seen in a good light ; Aspasia's influence on Alexander was rated positively.

Chanakya, however, planned to defeat the foreign invasion and sought help from other kings to unite and fight Alexander.

At Vienna, in spite of the powerful backing of Alexander of Russia, he failed to secure the annexation of the whole of Saxony to Prussia ; at Paris, after Waterloo, he failed to carry through his views as to the further dismemberment of France ; he had weakly allowed Metternich to forestall him in making terms with the states of the Confederation of the Rhine, which secured to Austria the preponderance in the German federal diet ; on the eve of the conference of Carlsbad ( 1819 ) he signed a convention with Metternich, by which — to quote the historian Treitschke — “ like a penitent sinner, without any formal quid pro quo, the monarchy of Frederick the Great yielded to a foreign power a voice in her internal affairs .”

Only the most distinguished government officials were promoted to this grade, such as foreign ministers Alexander Gorchakov and Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin.

Alexander Hamilton realized while serving as Washington's top aide that a strong central government was necessary to avoid foreign intervention and allay the frustrations due to an ineffectual Congress.

At first, the leading personalities of the system were British foreign secretary Lord Castlereagh, Austrian chancellor Klemens von Metternich and Russian czar Alexander I. Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord of France was largely responsible for quickly returning that country to its place alongside the other major powers in international diplomacy.

Although Sumner stated he was an " Administration man ", in addition to having stopped Grant's Dominican Republic treaty attempt, Sumner had defeated Grant's full repeal of the Tenure of Office Act, blocked Grant's nomination of Alexander Stewart to U. S. Secretary of Treasury, stalled diplomatic appointments, and conducted his own foreign policy from the Senate.

Nonetheless, the gatehouse was enhanced by Rubidge and the entire property purchased outright in 1868 for the sum of $ 82, 000, after which the house became the social centre of Ottawa — even Canada — hosting foreign visitors ( the first being Grand Duke Alexis, son of Tsar Alexander II ), investitures, swearing-in ceremonies, balls, dinners, garden parties, children's parties, and theatrical productions in the ballroom, in which members of the household and viceregal family would participate.

: I shall relate how the new settlement was, during many troubled years, successfully defended against foreign and domestic enemies ; how, under that settlement, the authority of law and the security of property were found to be compatible with a liberty of discussion and of individual action never before known ; how, from the auspicious union of order and freedom, sprang a prosperity of which the annals of human affairs had furnished no example ; how our country, from a state of ignominious vassalage, rapidly rose to the place of umpire among European powers ; how her opulence and her martial glory grew together ; how, by wise and resolute good faith, was gradually established a public credit fruitful of marvels which to the statesmen of any former age would have seemed incredible ; how a gigantic commerce gave birth to a maritime power, compared with which every other maritime power, ancient or modern, sinks into insignificance ; how Scotland, after ages of enmity, was at length united to England, not merely by legal bonds, but by indissoluble ties of interest and affection ; how, in America, the British colonies rapidly became far mightier and wealthier than the realms which Cortes and Pizarro had added to the dominions of Charles the Fifth ; how in Asia, British adventurers founded an empire not less splendid and more durable than that of Alexander.

Although there were many European countries attending the congress, there were four major powers that controlled the decision making: United Kingdom, represented by her foreign secretary Viscount Castlereagh ; Austria, represented by the chief minister ( and chairman of the congress ) Klemens, Fürst von Metternich ; Russia, represented by Emperor Alexander I ; and Prussia, represented by King Frederick William III.

He received the rites of unction and coronation from Pope Alexander IV in 1257 and 1259 respectively and tried to justify his divine right to rule, a concept foreign until that point in traditional Navarrese politics ( though see the reign of Sancho III ).

This was succeeded by a new edition of William Curtis's Flora Londinensis, for which he wrote the descriptions ( 1817-1828 ); by a description of the Plantae cryptogamicae of Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland ; by the Muscologia, a very complete account of the mosses of Britain and Ireland, prepared in conjunction with Thomas Taylor ( 1818 ); and by his Musci exotici ( 2 vols., 1818-1820 ), devoted to new foreign mosses and other cryptogamic plants.

" Also on that day, Alexander Sternik, Russia's chargé d ' affaires said of Hancock: " Mike Hancock is one of those people who are known to have a balanced objective and sympathetic approach towards the modern Russia and its foreign policy.

* 1492 privilege by Alexander Jagiellon renewed the 1447 privilege and added a few more provisions, the most important of which limited the Grand Duke's rights in regards to foreign policy.

In May, 2005, a concert tour through Bulgaria took place, during which the choir became the first foreign choir to be allowed perform in the orthodox Easter celebration at Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Sofia.