In addition to de facto renunciation through apostasy, heresy, or schism, the Roman Catholic Church envisaged from 1983 to 2009 the possibility of formal defection from the Church through a decision manifested personally, consciously and freely, and in writing, to the competent church authority, who was then to judge whether it was genuinely a case of " true separation from the constitutive elements of the life of the Church ... ( by ) an act of apostasy, heresy or schism.

The Roman Catholic Church likewise treats it as any other act of renunciation of the Catholic faith, although for a few years, from 2006 to 2009, it did note in the baptismal register any formal act of defection from the Catholic Church, a concept quite distinct from that of presentation of such a certificate.

Apostasy (; ( apostasia ), ' a defection or revolt ', from ἀπό, apo, ' away, apart ', στάσις, stasis, ' stand, ' standing ') is the formal disaffiliation from or abandonment or renunciation of a religion by a person.

The formal onset of the Cold War, is usually credited to the 1945 defection of a Soviet cipher clerk working in Ottawa, Igor Gouzenko.

The formal onset of the Cold War, usually pegged with the 1945 defection of a Soviet cipher clerk working in Ottawa, Igor Gouzenko, was therefore a continuation and extension of, rather than a departure from, Canadian anticommunist policies.

they sweated out some kind of formal education ; ;

Instead, we became involved in a series of friendly, but overly formal, welcoming addresses to which we had no choice but to reply in kind.

This kind of formal English, particularly written English, is often called " standard English ".

At that meeting, Athanasius was accused of threatening to interfere with the supply of grains from Egypt, and, without any kind of formal trial, was exiled by Constantine to Trier in the Rhineland.

In 3 dimensions, a differential 0-form is simply a function f ( x, y, z ); a differential 1-form is the following expression: a differential 2-form is the formal sum: and a differential 3-form is defined by a single term: ( Here the a-coefficients are real functions ; the " wedge products ", e. g. can be interpreted as some kind of oriented area elements,, etc.

In no other city-state did women receive any kind of formal education.

A kumite may begin with a formal movement but is transformed progressively into a kind of free dance between two partners.

For cases of gross neglect of administrative duty, formal law will regulate the kind of provisions to be made in deviation of Articles 125 and 127 ( Article 132, sub 4 )

In computer science, specifically software engineering, formal methods are a particular kind of mathematically based techniques for the specification, development and verification of software and hardware systems.

The formal scientific name of a cultivar, like Solanum tuberosum ‘ King Edward ’, is a way of uniquely designating a particular kind of plant.

Because the elimination of functional predicates is both convenient for some purposes and possible, many treatments of formal logic do not deal explicitly with function symbols but instead use only relation symbols ; another way to think of this is that a functional predicate is a special kind of predicate, specifically one that satisfies the proposition above.

An axiomatic system that is completely described is a special kind of formal system ; usually though the effort towards complete formalisation brings diminishing returns in certainty, and a lack of readability for humans.

Of the ' two major socializing agents in children's lives: the family environment ... and formal educational institutions ,' it is ' the family in its function a primary socializer of the child ' that predominates in the first five years of life: middle childhood by contrast is characterized by ' a child's readiness for school ... being self-assured and interested ; knowing what kind of behavior is expected ... being able to wait, to follow directions, and getting along with other children.

Tacit knowledge ( as opposed to formal or explicit knowledge ) is the kind of knowledge that is difficult to transfer to another person by means of writing it down or verbalising it.

The older, formal kind of hula is called kahiko, while the modern version is auana.

Close to 8 % of Americans are unbanked, meaning around 9 million are without any kind of bank account or formal financial services.

The ci is a kind of lyric poetry using a poetic meter based upon certain patterns of fixed-rhythm formal types, of which there were about 800 of these set patterns, each associated with a particular title.

This kind of Buddhism had little to offer the illiterate and uneducated masses, and led to the growth of " people ’ s priests " who were not ordained and had no formal Buddhist training.

A subsequent, lazy consensus in mainstream Hispanism has deemed Ramón ’ s reputation to have been overrated, but the comparison with Proust and Joyce seems justified, whilst recognizing that what differentiates him from their modernist cult of large-scale structures and formal perfection is precisely his avant-garde experimentation with a fragmentary, anarchic formlessness on the one hand, and on the other, his dedication to a kind of untranscendental meditation in a present usually severed from Joyce ’ s classical archetypes and Proust ’ s memories of the past.

Several Axé music groups such as " É o Tchan " have as part of their marketing strategy to always release a choreography together with every one of their songs ; therefore, Samba Axé is an ever-changing kind of dance with no commitment to maintaining any formal set of steps or routines ( there's actually no such a thing as a basic step in Samba Axé.

A boater ( also straw boater, basher, skimmer, cady, katie, somer, sennit hat, or in Japan, can-can hat ) is a kind of men's formal summer hat.

The word μίτρα, mítra, ( or, in its Ionic form, μίτρη, mítrē ) first appears in Greek and signifies either of several garments: a kind of waist girdle worn under a cuirass, as mentioned in Homer's Iliad ; a headband used by women for their hair ; a sort of formal Babylonian head dress, as mentioned by Herodotus ( Histories 1. 195 and 7. 90 ).

Many young women in mid-19th century England had no access to the kind of formal secondary schooling which would have enabled them to go straight into the same university courses as the young men-Anne Jemima Clough herself was never a pupil in a school.

His " New English Grammar " is also considered, by modern historians of formal English as a work of foreign language teaching and as the first work of its kind in the English language.

The formal displacement of the geocentric principle far from being Copernicus' primary concern, was introduced only to resolve what seemed to him intolerable in orthodox astronomy, namely, the ' unphysical ' triplication of centric reference-points: one center from which the planet's distances were calculated, another around which planetary velocities were computed, and still a third center ( the earth ) from which the observations originated.

If his scholarship and formal musicianship were not all they might have been, Mercer demonstrated at an early age that he was gifted with a remarkable ear for rhythm and dialect.

The result was that I found myself in the ridiculous position of having made a formal engagement by letter for the next week, only two days before my departure from London.

Thus the Congress marks a formal recognition of the political system that was central to world politics for a century.

National identification was reflected jurisprudentially in law theories which incorporated this Hegelian abstraction and saw law, domestic and international, simply as its formal reflection.

Typical of such an experience was the occasion of a somewhat formal official welcome in the offices of the Union of Soviet Artists.

This was a bitterly fought game, carrying almost as much grudge as a fist fight, with no friendliness exhibited between the teams except the formal politeness that accompanied the setting forth of ground rules and agreements on balls that went into the crowd.

He was not going to Vienna to negotiate -- the simultaneous announcements in Washington and Moscow last week stressed that no formal negotiations were planned.

The inclination was to accept the statement that there would be no formal negotiations.

His interest in the formal study of religion waned when he was sixteen and he substituted for it an interest in Asian affairs.

While young Lincoln's formal elementary education consisted approximately of a year's worth of classes from several itinerant teachers, he was mostly self-educated and was an avid reader.

His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.

With the Prior Analytics, Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th century advances in mathematical logic.

The formal ratification by all 13 states was completed in early 1781.

A similar French influence is seen in classroom ASL in francophone West Africa, where ASL was introduced along with formal education for the deaf by the deaf American missionary Andrew Foster.

At the age of 13, Mackenzie's father died, and he was forced to end his formal education in order to help support his family.

Despite his lack of formal qualifications, Ampère was appointed a professor of mathematics at the school in 1809.

The school, considered one of the first formal adult education centers in America, was also attended by foreign scholars.

At the time of his arrival in Shahr-i Babak, a formal local governor was engaged in a campaign to drive out the Afghans from the city's citadel, and Hasan Ali Shah joined him in forcing the Afghans to surrender.

Allowing himself to be involved in the ecclesiastical disputes that divided Hungary in 1895, he was made the subject of formal complaint by the Hungarian government and in 1896 was recalled.

She bound Andrew as a boy as an apprentice tailor ; Johnson had no formal education but taught himself how to read and write, with some help from his masters, as was their obligation under his apprenticeship.

" After a vigorous debate, a formal vote for impeachment was held in the House of Representatives on December 5, 1867, and failed, 57 – 108.