He and other Scottish Enlightenment thinkers developed what he called a ' science of man ', which was expressed historically in works by authors including James Burnett, Adam Ferguson, John Millar and William Robertson, all of whom merged a scientific study of how humans behave in ancient and primitive cultures with a strong awareness of the determining forces of modernity.

In the context of the Enlightenment, when many were debating what exactly distinguished man from animal, one of the most significant factors was the ability to learn language.

In the 17th century English Quakers and evangelical religious groups condemned slavery ( by then applied mostly to Africans ) as un-Christian ; in the 18th century, abolition was part of the message of the First Great Awakening in the Thirteen Colonies ; and in the same period, rationalist thinkers of the Enlightenment criticized it for violating the rights of man.

Franklin's writings on Indians express the fascination of the Enlightenment with nature, the natural origins of man and society, and natural ( or human ) rights.

Scottish Enlightenment thinkers developed what Hume called a ' science of man ' which was expressed historically in works by such as James Burnett, Adam Ferguson, John Millar and William Robertson, all of whom merged a scientific study of how humans behave in ancient and primitive cultures with a strong awareness of the determining forces of modernity.

The Theological phase was seen from the perspective of 19th century France as preceding the Enlightenment, in which man's place in society and society's restrictions upon man were referenced to God.

As a man of the Enlightenment he ridiculed the contemplative monastic orders, which he considered unproductive.

This was a new, modern understanding of the question of religion, and it shows he was a man of the Age of Enlightenment.

Most Enlightenment thinkers believed " man " to be fundamentally good: " he was once free but is now everywhere in chains ".

Owen had thoroughly absorbed the Enlightenment idea of the perfectibility of man through improved social conditions.

Guillaume Thomas Raynal ( April 12, 1713 – March 6, 1796 ) was a French writer and man of letters during the Age of Enlightenment.

His life and career, as well as his literary and other works are noteworthy today because of their location at the very center of the French Enlightenment ; and although some of the positions he took are also considered to have been formative contributions to the counter-Enlightenment tendencies that were being articulated in parallel, he remains, in many respects, the typical Enlightenment man.

Enlightenment science and philosophy essentially held a static view of nature and man, but vital nature continued to interrupt this view, and the issue of life, the creation of life and its varieties, increasingly occupied attention and " starting in the 1740s the concept of vital power reentered the scene of generation … there must be some ' productive power ' in nature that enabled unorganized material to generate new living forms.

A typical man of the Enlightenment, Korais encouraged wealthy Greeks to open new libraries and schools throughout Greece.

It also declares the brotherhood of man, or of the community of mankind, in a sense familiar to the Enlightenment ( and, of course, to the French revolutionaries ).

Also published as The Mystique of Enlightenment: The Unrational ideas of a man called U. G., 2005, Smriti Books.

90, No. 2 ), Arthur M. Melzer identifies the origin of the Counter-Enlightenment in the religious writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, showing Rousseau as the man who fired the first major shot in the war between the Enlightenment and its enemies.

Kant answers the question quite succinctly in the first sentence of the essay: “ Enlightenment is man ’ s emergence from his self-incurred immaturity .” He argues that the immaturity is self-inflicted not from a lack of understanding, but from the lack of courage to use one ’ s reason, intellect, and wisdom without the guidance of another.

During the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, men idolized the Renaissance Man who was skilled in all walks of life-a " real " man of this time was to be skilled in armed combat and knowledgeable of literature and art, among other things.

They taught that man was inherently evil in nature much in accordance to Enlightenment philosopher Thomas Hobbes.

In addition to translating works of Molière and William Shakespeare into Spanish, he himself was a major poet, dramatist and man of letters whose writings promoted the reformist ideas associated with the Spanish Enlightenment.

* " Satir iliti divji čovik "/ Satir or savage man, 1762, extended edition 1779, his most famous work, one of the Croatian Enlightenment bestsellers

Pascal insists on the miserable aspect of man who must fill the emptiness of his life with amusements, while Voltaire accepts the optimistic Enlightenment view.

Heinrich Himmler, together with his right-hand man, Reinhard Heydrich, consolidated the power of the organization.

One of the first works of art to touch upon the subject is the short German poem The Vampire ( 1748 ) by Heinrich August Ossenfelder, where the theme already has strong erotic overtones: a man whose love is rejected by a respectable and pious maiden threatens to pay her a nightly visit, drink her blood by giving her the seductive kiss of the vampire and thus prove her that his teaching is better than her mother's Christianity.

A monument to this can now be found in the center of the square, consisting of a glass panel opening onto an underground white room with empty shelf space for 20, 000 volumes and a plaque, bearing an epigraph from an 1820 work by Heinrich Heine: " Das war ein Vorspiel nur, dort wo man Bücher verbrennt, verbrennt man am Ende auch Menschen " (" That was only a prelude ; where they burn books, they ultimately burn people ").

The following year a small four man expedition, including Heinrich Harrer, explored the Diamir Face with the aim of finding an easier route.

On the other hand, 19th century German historiography protraited Ulrich as a man of chivalric virtues, who succumbed to the cunning of his enemies, as rendered by the author Ernst Wichert in his novel Heinrich von Plauen.

Hirsch's handler was Strasser's right-hand man, Heinrich Grunov, who used the nom de guerre Dr. Beer.

* Heinrich Behnke, The man and the teacher and Gottfried Köthe, Scientific works ( translated from German by N. Elyoseph ).

In 1535, Knipperdolling's position of power was however once again lost when Heinrich Krechting became the king's right hand man.

She later competed and set a world record for the women's high jump at the 1938 European Championships before tests by the German police concluded that she was actually a man who then took the name Heinrich Ratjen.

* Reinhard Heydrich, Heinrich Himmler's right hand man in the SS, who begins by explaining the purpose of the meeting.

The influence Petermann tried to wield, even as a young man, can best be illustrated by his interference, together with Bunsen and Ritter, on behalf of Heinrich Barth, who wished to take part in the Richardson expedition.

No close contacts have been established, but the author Heinrich Harrer described one man as being 1. 6 m ( 5 ' 4 ") tall and apparently left handed.

SS Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler, appointed by Hitler as " Reich Commissioner for the Strengthening of Germandom " and, as such, the man assigned to decide the " Germanization " policy in German-occupied territories, took the opposite view.

Krafft-Ebing, drawing on the earlier writings of Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, described male inverts with varying degrees of effeminacy, from Effemination in which a man has a distinctly feminine demeanor, to Androgyny in which a man is so effeminate that he can even have feminine bodily characteristics like rounded hips.

Written by Carl Zuckmayer, Karl Vollmöller and Robert Liebmann – with uncredited contributions by von Sternberg – based on Heinrich Mann's 1905 novel Professor Unrat (" Professor Garbage "), and set in Weimar Germany, The Blue Angel presents the tragic transformation of a man from a respectable professor to a cabaret clown, and his descent into madness.

The Israeli historian Omer Bartov wrote in 2003 about Mommsen ’ s functionalist understanding of the Third Reich that :" In this reading, ideology is recognized and then dismissed as irrelevant ; the suffering of the victims is readily acknowledged and then omitted as having nothing to tell us about the mechanics of genocide ; and individual perpetrators from Adolf Hitler, Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heyrdrich to the lowliest SS man are shoved out of the historical picture as contemptible, but ultimately unimportant pawns in the larger scheme of a “ polycratic state ” whose predilection for “ cumulative radicalization ” was a function of its structure rather the product of intentional planning or self-proclaimed will ”

While the Battle in Berlin was raging around them, Hitler ordered Mohnke to set up a military tribunal for Hermann Fegelein, adjutant to Heinrich Himmler, in order to try the man for desertion.

A self-taught intellectual, as a young man he was influenced by the works of Taras Shevchenko, Marko Vovchok, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Heinrich Heine, Émile Zola, Victor Hugo, and Guy de Maupassant.

Hugh Thomas claims that the man who committed suicide after his capture in Lüneburg in May 1945, was not in fact Heinrich Himmler.

Heinrich Brüning, leader of the Catholic Center party, who served as German chancellor between 1930 and 1932, called Hammerstein-Equord " the only man who could remove Hitler — a man without nerves ".