The GNU Project chose the microkernel server – client architecture for the operating system, due to perceived advantages over the traditional Unix monolithic kernel architecture.

" Windows Me was the last operating system to be based on the Windows 9x ( monolithic ) kernel and MS-DOS.

Torvalds used and appreciated MINIX, but his design deviated from the MINIX architecture in significant ways, most notably by employing a monolithic kernel instead of a microkernel.

New device drivers, protocol stacks, file systems and other low-level systems were being developed all the time, code that was normally located in the monolithic kernel, and thus required considerable work and careful code management to work on.

This set of servers ( drawn from QNX ) provides roughly the set of services offered by a Unix monolithic kernel.

In addition, passing actual data to the server and back may incur extra copying overhead, while in a monolithic system the kernel can directly access the data in the client's buffers.

The monolithic differs from other operating system architectures ( such as the microkernel architecture ) in that it defines alone a high-level virtual interface over computer hardware, with a set of primitives or system calls to implement all operating system services such as process management, concurrency, and memory management itself and one or more device drivers as modules. Structure of monolithic kernel, microkernel and hybrid kernel-based operating systems

Modular monolithic operating systems are not to be confused with the architectural level of modularity inherent in Server-Client operating systems ( and its derivatives sometimes marketed as hybrid kernel ) which use microkernels and servers ( not to be mistaken for modules or daemons ).

In the traditional monolithic operating systems the authors had direct experience with which parts of the kernel called which others, allowing them to fine tune their pager to avoid paging out code that was about to be used.

* Dynamic use of individually and separately built software components ( executable program images and kernel modules ) rather than a statically linked single monolithic image.

This is a key argument in the debate opposing microkernel proponents and monolithic kernel aficionados.

The hybrid kernel design compromises between the flexibility of a microkernel and the performance of a monolithic kernel.

This differs from the more traditional monolithic kernel, in which the operating system is a single very large program composed of a huge number of " parts " with special abilities.

Exokernels are much smaller than a normal kernel ( monolithic kernel ).

For example, in the early days Unix was a monolithic kernel ( which means that user processes carried out kernel system calls all on the user stack ).

* kastor ( kernel ), an educational monolithic kernel

Debian also released a traditional monolithic kernel distribution for PowerPC, as did SUSE, and Terra Soft Solutions with Yellow Dog Linux.

K42 utilizes a microkernel architecture rather than the traditional monolithic kernel design.

Herodotus relates that under his prudent administration, Egypt reached a new level of wealth ; Amasis adorned the temples of Lower Egypt especially with splendid monolithic shrines and other monuments ( his activity here is proved by existing remains ).

It is now accepted by most scholars that the Arian Party was not a monolithic group, holding drastically different theological views that spanned the early Christian theological spectrum.

It is unlikely that this would all be contained within a single monolithic structure, but would rather be a group of cooperating machines or an automated factory that is capable of manufacturing all of the machines that make it up.

In HPLC the sample is forced by a liquid at high pressure ( the mobile phase ) through a column that is packed with a stationary phase composed of irregularly or spherically shaped particles, a porous monolithic layer, or a porous membrane.

Geophysically the city is likewise surrounded by the narrow coastal plain of Vocha, Corinthian Gulf, Corinth Canal, the Isthmus of Corinth, Saronic Gulf, Oneia Mountains, and the monolithic rock of Acrocorinth, where the medieval acropolis was built.

An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit ( also referred to as IC, chip, or microchip ) is an electronic circuit manufactured by lithography, or the patterned diffusion of trace elements into the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material.

In the United States, by contrast, although it is historically aligned with the Democratic Party, the union movement is by no means monolithic on that point ; this is especially true among the individual " rank and file " members.

* The costs of redesigning or replacing the system are prohibitive because it is large, monolithic, and / or complex.

An early example of a MEMS device is the resonistor – an electromechanical monolithic resonator.

On most mainstream processors, obtaining a service is inherently more expensive in a microkernel-based system than a monolithic system.

In the monolithic system, the service is obtained by a single system call, which requires two mode switches ( changes of the processor's ring or CPU mode ).

In the southeast, a red, lateritic soil covers relatively level ground that is studded with bare, monolithic hills.

Faludi has rejected the claim advanced by critics that there is a " rigid, monolithic feminist orthodoxy ", noting in response that she has disagreed with Gloria Steinem about pornography and Naomi Wolf about abortion.

The 57-feet tall monolithic statue of Gommateshvara is located on Vindyagiri Hill.

It is considered to be the world's largest monolithic stone statue.

* The first ever Mahamasthakabhisheka ceremony of the sacred high monolithic statue of Lord Bahubali, is performed.

Since the advent of microcontrollers ( monolithic integrated circuits containing RAM, ROM and CPU all onboard ), the term " micro " is more commonly used to refer to that meaning.

Even when using concrete, where the structure may be monolithic, the principle of the arch is used so as to benefit from the concrete's strength in resisting compressive stress.

General structure of monolithic and microkernel-based operating systems, respectively

Structure of monolithic and microkernel-based operating systems, respectively

Modular operating systems such as OS-9 and most modern monolithic operating systems such as OpenVMS, Linux, BSD, and UNIX variants such as SunOS, and AIX, in addition to MULTICS, can dynamically load ( and unload ) executable modules at runtime.

When Mach was first being seriously used in the 2. x versions, performance was slower than traditional monolithic operating systems, perhaps as much as 25 %.

Furthermore, denser transistors gathering in a monolithic chip and higher operating frequency cause a worsening of the power dissipation.

The CP / CMS design was a departure from IBM's other monolithic operating systems.

System 6 is classed as a monolithic operating system.

The main goal of the kernel was to never crash prompting the original designers to implement it as a modular nanokernel instead of the traditional monolithic kernel of " traditional " operating systems.

Environments which consists of heterogeneous hardware, different operating systems and monolithic software applications ( legacy systems ).