As cells coalesced into organisms, they built new `` unnatural '' and internally controlled environments to cope even more successfully with the entropy-increasing properties of the external world.

Later in the novel, when Tarrou tells Rieux the story of his life, he adds a new dimension to the term ” plague .“ He views it not just as a specific disease or simply as the presence of an impersonal evil external to humans.

First: it " mandates that whoever is the sovereign of the United Kingdom is also, by virtue of this external fact, sovereign of Australia "; accordingly, changes to British succession laws would have no effect on Australian law, but if the British amendment changed the sovereign, then the new sovereign of the United Kingdom would automatically become the new sovereign of Australia.

With no serious external or internal threats, the armed forces are searching for a new role.

Particles can spread out by diffusion, but will not spontaneously re-order themselves ( absent changes to the system, assuming no creation of new chemical bonds, and absent external forces acting on the particle ).

Amanullah altered foreign policy in his new relations with external powers and transformed domestic politics with his social, political, and economic reforms.

Husserl proposed a radical new phenomenological way of looking at objects by examining how we, in our many ways of being intentionally directed toward them, actually " constitute " them ( to be distinguished from materially creating objects or objects merely being figments of the imagination ); in the Phenomenological standpoint, the object ceases to be something simply " external " and ceases to be seen as providing indicators about what it is, and becomes a grouping of perceptual and functional aspects that imply one another under the idea of a particular object or " type ".

The theory is not intended to deal with the possibility of gross external changes to the environment that bring new selective forces to bear.

The novel is pessimistic ; industrialism and capitalism have killed the best of Old England, and there were great, new external threats.

Marxist-Leninists believe that without a transitionary period of state control ( their interpretation of the dictatorship of the proletariat ) it would be impossible for any revolution to maintain the momentum or cohesion to defend the new society against external and internal threats.

Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressures on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, with a number of emperors coming to the throne only to be rapidly replaced by new usurpers.

This proposed rocket is dubbed " Ares ", which would utilize space shuttle Advanced Solid Rocket Boosters, a modified shuttle external tank, and a new Lox / LH2 third stage for the trans-Mars injection of the payload.

The 68020 added many improvements to the 68010 including a 32-bit arithmetic logic unit ( ALU ), external data bus and address bus, and new instructions and addressing modes.

In 1967, the league faced a new external threat with the formation of the American Basketball Association ( ABA ).

However, the 17th century was not simply an era of stagnation and decline, but also a key period in which the Ottoman state and its structures began to adapt to new pressures and new realities, internal and external.

The new state established external political and economic ties and by March 1841, had drawn up a constitution which included the possibility for Panama to rejoin New Granada, but only as a federal district.

The sign of the Covenant changes its external form to reflect new spiritual realties.

The External Relations Act, passed the next day, as well as properly approving the abdication, also triggers the constitutional clause, making the new king " authorized by Ireland " for external relations.

A new Constitution of Ireland, with a President as head of state except for external relations, was approved by Irish voters in 1937, with the Irish Free State becoming simply " Ireland ", or, when speaking or writing in the Irish language, Éire.

To some degree internal and external tensions in the post-war era were managed by new institutions, including the United Nations, the welfare state and the Bretton Woods system, providing to the post – World War II boom, which lasted well into the 1970s.

The Architecture of the ancient Etruscans adapted the external Greek architecture for their own purposes, which were so different from Greek buildings as to create a new architectural style.

Drawing on Michel Foucault ’ s concept of liberal government, Tony Bennett has suggested the development of more modern 19th century museums was part of new strategies by Western governments to produce a citizenry that, rather than be directed by coercive or external forces, monitored and regulated its own conduct.

Herbert Spencer, Jowett, and Leslie Ellis understood, I feel sure ; and a few others, but nearly all the logicians and mathematicians ignored the statement that the book was meant to throw light on the nature of the human mind ; and treated the formula entirely as a wonderful new method of reducing to logical order masses of evidence about external fact.

So many times I have wondered why veterinarians do not wipe the table clean before each new canine patient is placed on it for examination.

Another new idea, that of meritocracy, led to the introduction of the Imperial examination system in China.

Initial examination of the debris from the explosion had shown the production of a new isotope of plutonium,, which could only have formed by the absorption of six neutrons by a uranium-238 nucleus followed by two beta decays.

This new idea, of the meritocracy, led to the introduction of the Imperial examination system in China.

The Charta promotes Integrated Water Resources Management, defines procedures for the examination and approval of new projects, provides a framework for the allocation of water resources between sectors, commits to maintain the integrity of aquatic ecosystems and defines mechanisms for the settlement of disputes between countries and for user participation.

Some versions of the legend suggest that subsequent popes were subjected to an examination whereby, having sat on a dung chair containing a hole called sedia stercoraria, a cardinal had to reach up and establish that the new pope had testicles, before announcing " Duos habet et bene pendentes " (" He has two, and they dangle nicely "), or " habet " (" he has ' em ") for short.

The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines research in more detail as " a studious inquiry or examination ; especially: investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws ".

* The Chinese emperor of the Ming Dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor, suspends the traditional civil service examination system after complaining that the 120 new jinshi degree-holders are too incompetent to hold office ; he instead relies solely upon a system of recommendations until the civil service exams are reinstated in 1384.

In his lecture series from 1979 to 1980 Foucault extended his analysis of government to its ' wider sense of techniques and procedures designed to direct the behaviour of men ', which involved a new consideration of the ' examination of conscience ' and confession in early Christian literature.

One elenctic examination can lead to a new, more refined, examination of the concept being considered, in this case it invites an examination of the claim: " Courage is wise endurance of the soul ".

In 2011, a group of etiquette experts and international business group formed a non-profit organization called IITTI ( pronounced as " ET ") to help human resource ( HR ) departments of multinationals in measuring the etiquette skills of prospective new employees during the recruitment process by standardizing image and etiquette examination, similar to what ISO does for industrial process measurements.

In July 1901 Griffin passed the new Illinois architects ' licensing examination and this permitted him to enter private practice as an architect.

True anonymity requires unlinkability, such that an attacker's examination of the pseudonym holder's message provides no new information about the holder's true name.

examination created a new record in the annals of the University of Calcutta, which is yet to be surpassed.

A new examination of skulls from the royal cemetery at Ur, discovered in Iraq almost a century ago, appears to support a more grisly interpretation of human sacrifices associated with elite burials in ancient Mesopotamia than had previously been recognized, say archaeologists.

As another example, if genes in two species independently become restricted to the same region of the animals through regulation by a certain transcription factor, this may be described as a case of parallel evolution — but examination of the actual DNA sequence will probably show only divergent changes in individual base-pair positions, since a new transcription factor binding site can be added in a wide range of places within the gene with similar effect.

* " Mysteries of the Tyringham Shakers unmasked: A new examination of people, facts, and figures "

So candidates had no new material to read, ' but they had to submit to a very searching examination on the fairly lengthy list of classical texts which they were supposed by this time to have mastered '.

In this climate, a boom in the writing of fiction occurred, especially after the 1905 abolition of the civil service examination when literati struggled to fill new social and cultural roles for themselves.

For many years, the record low temperature was thought to be occurring on January 29, 1934, but upon the first in-depth examination of the data from the 19th century at NOAA's National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina, a new record low was discovered.

A system established on such foundations may amuse the imagination of a poet ; a metaphysician may derive from it an entirely new series of systems ; but it cannot for a moment bear the examination of anyone who has dissected a hand, a viscus, or even a feather.