The monomers are called nucleotides, and each consists of three components: a nitrogenous heterocyclic base ( either a purine or a pyrimidine ), a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.

The asymmetric ends of DNA strands are called the 5 ′ ( five prime ) and 3 ′ ( three prime ) ends, with the 5 ' end having a terminal phosphate group and the 3 ' end a terminal hydroxyl group.

The glycerophospholipids are amphipathic molecules ( containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions ) that contain a glycerol core linked to two fatty acid-derived " tails " by ester linkages and to one " head " group by a phosphate ester linkage.

In plants and algae, the galactosyldiacylglycerols, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, which lack a phosphate group, are important components of membranes of chloroplasts and related organelles and are the most abundant lipids in photosynthetic tissues, including those of higher plants, algae and certain bacteria.

The most common phosphate is the apatite group ; common species within this group are fluroapatite ( Ca < sub > 5 </ sub >( PO < sub > 4 </ sub >)< sub > 3 </ sub > F ), chlorapatite ( Ca < sub > 5 </ sub >( PO < sub > 4 </ sub >)< sub > 3 </ sub > Cl ) and hydroxylapatite ( Ca < sub > 5 </ sub >( PO < sub > 4 </ sub >)< sub > 3 </ sub >( OH )).

The basic component of biological nucleic acids is the nucleotide, each of which contains a pentose sugar ( ribose or deoxyribose ), a phosphate group, and a nucleobase.

Each nucleotide consists of three components: a purine or pyrimidine nucleobase ( sometimes termed nitrogenous base or simply base ), a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.

A nucleotide is composed of a nucleobase ( nitrogenous base ), a five-carbon sugar ( either ribose or 2-deoxyribose ), ref > Without the phosphate group, the nucleobase and sugar compose a nucleoside.

Cyclic nucleotides form when the phosphate group is bound to two of the sugar's hydroxyl groups.

A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus as a mineral is almost always present in its maximally oxidised state, as inorganic phosphate rocks.

Most phospholipids contain a diglyceride, a phosphate group, and a simple organic molecule such as choline ; one exception to this rule is sphingomyelin, which is derived from sphingosine instead of glycerol.

The hydrophilic head contains the negatively charged phosphate group, and may contain other polar groups.

A phosphate group can be attached to the sidechain hydroxyl group of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues, adding a negative charge at that site and producing an unnatural amino acid.

Other factors suspected to affect degradation rate include the rate deamination of glutamine and asparagine and oxidation of cystein, histidine and methionine, the absence of stabilizing ligands, the presence of attached carbohydrate or phosphate groups, the presence of free α-amino group, the negative charge of protein, and the flexibility and stability of the protein.

* Phospholipase C-cleaves before the phosphate, releasing diacylglycerol and a phosphate-containing head group.

The chemical activity of a kinase involves transferring a phosphate group from a nucleoside triphosphate ( usually ATP ) and covalently attaching it to specific amino acids with a free hydroxyl group.

Also in this reaction, C3 hydroxyl group will remove a phosphate form the alpha carbon of phosphenol pyruvate.

Each nucleotide consists of a nucleobase, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate group.

Histidine-specific protein kinases are structurally distinct from other protein kinases and are found in prokaryotes, fungi, and plants as part of a two-component signal transduction mechanism: a phosphate group from ATP is first added to a histidine residue within the kinase, then transferred to an aspartate residue on a receiver domain on a different protein or the kinase itself, thus activating the aspartate residue.

Kinases are not to be confused with phosphorylases, which carry out phosphorolysis, the breaking of a bond using an inorganic phosphate group ; or with phosphatases, which remove phosphate groups.

Amblygonite is a fluorophosphate mineral, ( Li, Na ) AlPO < sub > 4 </ sub >( F, OH ), composed of lithium, sodium, aluminium, phosphate, fluoride and hydroxide.

The convention for a nucleic acid sequence is to list the nucleotides as they occur from the 5 ' end to the 3 ' end of the polymer chain, where 5 ' and 3 ' refer to the numbering of carbons around the ribose ring which participate in forming the phosphate diester linkages of the chain.

The primary tissue of bone, osseous tissue, is a relatively hard and lightweight composite material, formed mostly of calcium phosphate in the chemical arrangement termed calcium hydroxylapatite ( this is the osseous tissue that gives bones their rigidity ).

Bones, in particular after calcination to bone ash is used as source of calcium phosphate for the production of bone china and previously also phosphorus chemicals.

Calcium, combined with phosphate to form hydroxylapatite, is the mineral portion of human and animal bones and teeth.

* Calcium phosphate ( Ca < sub > 3 </ sub >( PO < sub > 4 </ sub >)< sub > 2 </ sub >) is used as a supplement for animal feed, fertilizer, in commercial production for dough and yeast products, in the manufacture of glass, and in dental products.

The chromium ( III ) is excreted from the body, whereas the chromate ion is transferred into the cell by a transport mechanism, by which also sulfate and phosphate ions enter the cell.

A and B chromosomes are very similar, forming right-handed helices, while Z-DNA is a more unusual left-handed helix with a zig-zag phosphate backbone.

One of the most important Casablancan exports is phosphate.

A nucleobase linked to a sugar is called a nucleoside and a base linked to a sugar and one or more phosphate groups is called a nucleotide.

The backbone of the DNA strand is made from alternating phosphate and sugar residues.

The mechanism of DNA ligase is to form two covalent phosphodiester bonds between 3 ' hydroxyl ends of one nucleotide, (" acceptor ") with the 5 ' phosphate end of another (" donor ").

) When a nucleotide is being added to a growing DNA strand, two of the phosphates are removed and the energy produced creates a phosphodiester bond that attaches the remaining phosphate to the growing chain.

For example, triphenyl phosphate is the ester derived from phosphoric acid and phenol.

: Includes five archipelagoes ; Makatea in French Polynesia is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean-the others are Banaba ( Ocean Island ) in Kiribati and Nauru

Because of high costs, the development of petroleum, phosphate, and other mineral resources is not a near-term prospect.

With this enzyme, Enviropig is able to digest cereal grain phosphorus, so there is then no need to supplement the pigs ' diet with either phosphate minerals or commercially produced phytase, and less phosphorus is lost in the manure.

For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate ( DHAP ) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.

The hydrolysis of the γ phosphate of GTP into guanosine diphosphate ( GDP ) and P < sub > i </ sub >, inorganic phosphate, occurs by the S < sub > N </ sub > 2 mechanism ( see nucleophilic substitution ) via a pentavalent intermediate state and is dependent on the magnesium ion Mg < sup > 2 +</ sup >.

These four bases are attached to the sugar / phosphate to form the complete nucleotide, as shown for adenosine monophosphate.

( Free bases with their attached phosphate groups are called nucleoside triphosphates.

The phosphate group is attached to the amino acid tyrosine on the protein.

The compound formed when a nucleobase forms a glycosidic bond with the 1 ' anomeric carbon of a ribose or deoxyribose is called a nucleoside, and a nucleoside with one or more phosphate groups attached at the 5 ' carbon is called a nucleotide.

Each nucleotide consists of three subunits: a phosphate group and a sugar ( ribose in the case of RNA, deoxyribose in DNA ) make up the backbone of the nucleic acid strand, and attached to the sugar is one of a set of nucleobases.

Cell membranes are bilayer structures principally formed from phospholipids, molecules which have a highly water interactive, ionic phosphate head groups attached to two long alkyl tails.

This features a final nucleotide followed by three phosphate groups attached to the 5 ' carbon.

A positively charged pocket adjacent to the active site binds a “ priming ” phosphate group attached to a serine or threonine four residues C-terminal of the target phosphorylation site.

After the unbound antibody with attached alkaline phosphatase has been washed away, a solution of a substrate to the alkaline phosphatase, 4-nitrophenyl phosphate, is added.

Lipid A consists of two glucosamine ( carbohydrate / sugar ) units with attached acyl chains (" fatty acids "), and normally containing one phosphate group on each carbohydrate.

The presence of an additional group attached to the phosphate allows for many different phosphoglycerides.

By convention, structures of these compounds show the 3 glycerol carbon atoms vertically with the phosphate attached to carbon atom number three ( at the bottom ).

This is a phospholipid with two 16-carbon saturated chains and a phosphate group with quaternary amine group attached.