The last private bank to issue its own banknotes in England and Wales was Fox, Fowler and Company in 1921.

Ospina describes how the Bacardi family and Company left Cuba after the Castro regime confiscated the Company ’ s Cuban assets on 15 October 1960 ; in particular, in nationalizing and banning all private property on the island as well as all bank accounts.

An economic depression that had begun in 1967 peaked in 1972, exacerbated by capital flight, plummeting private investment, and withdrawal of bank deposits in response to Allende's socialist program.

Usually, a government declares its currency ( including notes and coins issued by the central bank ) to be legal tender, making it unlawful to not accept it as a means of repayment for all debts, public and private.

When a central bank wishes to purchase more bonds than their respective national governments make available, they may purchase private bonds or assets denominated in foreign currencies.

Distributism favors the dissolution of the current private bank system, or more specifically its profit-making basis in charging interest.

It took over this role from the private sector " clearing houses " which operated during the Free Banking Era ; whether public or private, the availability of liquidity was intended to prevent bank runs.

For example, a member bank ( private bank ) is not permitted to give out too many loans to people who cannot pay them back.

In the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis that began in mid-1997, the government took custody of a significant portion of private sector assets through acquisition of nonperforming bank loans and corporate assets through the debt restructuring process.

Reducing corruption and implementing reforms-such as bank restructuring and developing the private sector-would be important steps in this direction.

Advocates of Keynesian economics argue that private sector decisions sometimes lead to inefficient macroeconomic outcomes which require active policy responses by the public sector, particularly monetary policy actions by the central bank and fiscal policy actions by the government to stabilize output over the business cycle.

The name Nordea comes from the Swedish bank Nordbanken, which was based on PK-banken ( Post och Kreditbanken ; owned by Swedish state ) which in 1990 purchased the smaller private bank Nordbanken, and picked up that name.

Critics argue that about half the aid was a gift from the American taxpayer to American businesses, as $ 400 million consisted of incentives for U. S. business to export products to Panama, $ 150 million was to pay off bank loans and $ 65 million went to private sector loans and guarantees to U. S. investors.

It also contained a summer garden, winter garden and roof garden, an enormous restaurant and several smaller eating areas, its own laundry, a theatre and concert booking office, its own bank, whose strongrooms were underground at the eastern end of the building ( and generated their own history decades later ), and a large fleet of private delivery vehicles.

It has retained its private partnership structure and it perennially ranks among the top advisers on bank and thrift mergers as well as in capital raising.

Until 1991, establishing a private sector bank in Turkey wasn't easy and was subject to strict government controls and regulations.

) They were followed by other small-scale private banks established between 1994 and 1995, during the DYP government of Prime Minister Tansu Çiller, who introduced drastic changes to the banking laws and regulations ; which made it very easy to establish a bank in Turkey, but also opened many loopholes in the system.

Hubbard, the former chair of President Bush's Council of Economic Advisers, has worked at the intersection of the private, government and nonprofit sectors and played an active role in shaping national and international economic policy, including the deregulation policy leading up Wall Street bank failures in 2008.

Jock Colville, who was her former private secretary and a director of her bank, Coutts, estimated her wealth in 1971 at £ 2 million ( the equivalent of about £ today ).

An answer to falling aggregate demand is stimulus, either from the central bank, by expanding the money supply, or by the fiscal authority to increase demand, and to borrow at interest rates which are below those available to private entities.

A private corporation with public duties, the central bank handled all fiscal transactions for the US Government, and was accountable to Congress and the US Treasury.

Hostile to the regulatory effects of the central bank, private banks – proliferating with or without state charters – had scuttled rechartering of the first BUS in 1811.

The fourth stage, activated by Nordpolitik under Roh, was represented by expanding public and private contacts between the two Koreas.

Carrefour is the world's second largest retail group in terms of revenue ; EADS is the world's second largest aerospacial company ; Total is the world's fourth largest private oil company ; Danone is the world's fifth largest food company and the world's largest supplier of mineral water ; Sanofi Aventis is the world's fifth largest pharmaceutical company ; Publicis is the world's third largest advertising company ; PSA is the world's 6th and Europe's 2nd largest automaker ; Renault-Nissan is the world's leading electric car developer among major automakers ; Accor is the leading European hotel group ; Alstom is one of the world's leading conglomerates in power generation and transport ; Pernod Ricard is one of the world's biggest producer of distilled beverages ( owning the former Seagram distilleries ).

In his private life, during his last years, he was married to his fourth and last wife, Elaine Barrie, a union that turned out to be disastrous.

Sacred Heart School is also a private elementary school ranging from kindergarten through fourth grade.

On 4 November 2008, he had a fourth child, Snow Evelyn Robin Juliet Gibb, born out of a private relationship with a housekeeper, Claire Yang.

* Daisuke Enomoto, a Japanese entrepreneur, was scheduled to be the fourth private citizen to be taken into space by Space Adventures in October 2006.

The fourth part remained private after Nietzsche wrote it in 1885 ; a scant forty copies were all that were printed, apart from seven others that were distributed to Nietzsche's close friends.

He divides philology into five parts: first, an inquiry into public acts, with a knowledge of times and places, into civil institutions, and also into law ; second, an inquiry into private affairs ; third, an exhibition of the religions and arts of the ancient nations ; fourth, a history of all their moral and physical speculations and beliefs, and of their literatures ; and fifth, a complete explanation of the language.

It is taught externally at private institutions but B. Juris ( Hons ) may also be awarded to University of Malaya's students who can't or choose not to proceed to the fourth and final year of the LL. B ( Hons ) programme.

With this increase in his practice, Blackstone also saw an increase in his out-of-court work, writing opinions and recommendations for various Oxford colleges, the MP Jonathan Rashleigh and the fourth Earl of Abingdon, who paid him to draft several private Acts of Parliament.

The first courtyard was the most accessible one, while the innermost ( fourth ) courtyard and the harem were the most inaccessible, being the sole private domain of the sultan.

After his defeat for a fourth term in the House, La Follette returned to Madison to begin a private law practice and spend more time with his wife and four children.

Government regulations have given private education more flexibility and autonomy in recent years, notably by lifting the moratorium on applications for new courses, new schools and conversions, by liberalizing tuition fee policy for private schools, by replacing values education for third and fourth years with English, mathematics and natural science at the option of the school, and by issuing the revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools in August 1992.

The fourth floor was taken up by the office and private quarters of SS Sturmbannführer Josef Kieffer, who was in charge at number 84, and the office of his assistant.

As part of the process of privatisation carried out by the fourth National government, the government's commercial radio operations were sold to private investors as The Radio Network and the government's non-commercial assets ( known previously as New Zealand Public Radio ) became the current Radio New Zealand Crown entity.

The six Scriptores – " Aelius Spartianus ", " Iulius Capitolinus ", " Vulcacius Gallicanus ", " Aelius Lampridius ", " Trebellius Pollio ", and " Flavius Vopiscus ( of Syracuse )" – dedicate their biographies to Diocletian, Constantine and various private persons, and so ostensibly were all writing c. the late third and early fourth century.

Upon his return to Antigua in 1981 he went into private practice, the fourth dentist on the island.

" In the following year, Kankkunen competed for private Toyota teams in three events and finished fourth in Sweden, third in Indonesia and second in Finland.

The per capita energy consumption of a fully loaded 700T train is 16 % of private cars and half of buses, carbon dioxide emissions are 11 % and a fourth, respectively.

The third story was occupied by the tsaritsa and her children ; the fourth one contained the private apartments of the tsar.

After entering private practice, Nix became active in the Democratic Party as a committeeman from the fourth ward in 1932.

Before declaring bankruptcy in 2008, Lehman was the fourth largest investment bank in the US ( behind Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and Merrill Lynch ), doing business in investment banking, equity and fixed-income sales and trading ( especially U. S. Treasury securities ), research, investment management, private equity, and private banking.