More recent IUPAC recommendations now suggest the newer term " hydronium " be used in favor of the older accepted term " oxonium " to illustrate reaction mechanisms such as those defined in the Brønsted – Lowry and solvent system definitions more clearly, with the Arrhenius definition serving as a simple general outline of acid – base character.

Conversely, factors that favor plate columns are: presence of solids in feed, high liquid rates, large column diameters, complex columns, columns with wide feed composition variation, columns with a chemical reaction, absorption columns, columns limited by foundation weight tolerance, low liquid rate, large turn-down ratio and those processes subject to process surges.

If we are to add a species to the overall reaction, the reaction will favor the side opposing the addition of the species.

Likewise, the subtraction of a species would cause the reaction to fill the “ gap ” and favor the side where the species was reduced.

In chemical reactions the use of polar protic solvents favors the S < sub > N </ sub > 1 reaction mechanism, while polar aprotic solvents favor the S < sub > N </ sub > 2 reaction mechanism.

But the possibility of recalling municipal executives was newly introduced in Ticino in 2011, with 59 % of voters in favor, as a reaction to the perceived problem of squabbling and dysfunctional municipal governments.

Although ABC received hundreds of phone calls after the premiere, executives at the network described initial public reaction as " mild " with more calls in favor of the show than in protest.

If the reaction is performed under warm or hot conditions ( which favor an increase in entropy ), E1 elimination is likely to predominate, leading to formation of an alkene.

Les Têtes Brulées emerged as a reaction against pop-makossa, which was seen as abandoning its roots in favor of mainstream success.

First printed in March 1812, this political cartoon was drawn in reaction to the state senate electoral districts drawn by the Massachusetts legislature to favor the Democratic-Republican party candidates of Governor Elbridge Gerry over the Federalists.

A superior method, in principle, would avoid the requirement for a multistep sequence in favor of a " direct " reaction that could be done in a single process step.

( see alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution for a detailed mechanism ) The equilibrium in this reaction usually favors of the carbonyl compound and amine, so that azeotropic distillation or use of a dehydrating agent such as molecular sieves is required to push the reaction in favor of imine formation.

His conduct under the sentence of deposition produced a reaction in his favor, and an effort was made to have him reinstated ; this he declined unless the policy of the church were reversed.

If the temperature were increased, the larger amount of thermal energy in the system would favor the endothermic reverse reaction, as this would absorb the increased energy ; in other words the equilibrium would shift to the reactants in order to remove the stress of added heat.

For similar reasons, lower temperatures would favor the exothermic forward reaction, and produce more products.

In reaction to the 2008 declaration of Kosovo independence, Ilic threatened the Liberal Democratic Party of Serbia leader Cedomir Jovanovic ( one of the few Serbian politicians who openly advocate in favor of the independence of the Serbian province ), saying he should feel " lucky if he stays alive until March, but that it will not be easy.

* In WWE, when the company was being built around a babyface John Cena, who had begun to shed his edgy, freestyle rapping anti-establishment persona which was popular in favor of a more motivational " against all odds " one was met with a negative reaction by the fans to the point where he was one of the most booed wrestlers in the promotion.

The cover illustrates the intense public reaction in favor of the charges.

Two examples of right-wing topical songwriters are Staff Sergeant Barry Sadler, whose " Ballad of the Green Berets " reached # 1 on the Billboard charts for five weeks in 1966 and was also Billboards # 1 single for that year ; and Toby Keith, who has written numerous songs in favor of aggressive U. S. military policies in reaction to the September 11, 2001 attacks.

In general, his philosophy was a reaction against the Academic skepticism of the Middle and New Academy in favor of the dogmatism of Plato.

It was conceived in reaction to the tendency in French music to favor vocal and operatic music over orchestral music, and to further the cause of French music in contrast to the Germanic tradition.

She was the opposite of everything she should have been -- a positive pole in a negative home, a living reaction of warmth and kindness to the harsh reality of her father.

Almost inevitably, the first result of this technological revolution was a reaction against the methods and in many cases the conclusions of the Oxford school of Stubbs, Freeman and ( particularly ) Green regarding the nature of the Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britain.

Even before the century was out the tide of reaction had set in.

The reaction of certain City Council members to California's newest anti-secrecy laws was as dismaying as it was disappointing.

Argon was used as a blowing gas to exclude any effects of dissociation or chemical reaction.

Despite extensive attempts to obtain highly pure reagents, serious difficulty was experienced in obtaining reproducible rates of reaction.

The required amount of carbon tetrachloride was distilled into a series of reaction cells on a manifold on a vacuum line.

The contents of the manifold for liquid phase experiments were then mixed by shaking, redistributed to the reaction tubes, frozen down, and each tube was then sealed off.

The light was filtered by the soft glass window of the thermostat thus ensuring that only light absorbed by the chlorine and not by the carbon tetrachloride could enter the reaction cell.

In the liquid phase runs the amount of carbon tetrachloride in each reaction tube was determined by weighing the tube before opening and weighing the fragments after emptying.

Following observation of the fact that the reaction rates of supposedly identical reaction mixtures prepared on the same filling manifold and exposed under identical conditions often differed by several hundred per cent, a systematic series of experiments was undertaken to see whether the difficulty could be ascribed to the method of preparing the chlorine, to the effects of oxygen or moisture or to the effect of surface to volume ratio in the reaction tubes.

No detectable reaction was found at room temperature for reaction mixtures allowed to stand up to 5 hours.

The improvement was most noticeable in the greater consistency among reaction cells prepared as a group on the same manifold.

By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

It was possible to make estimates of the quantum yield by observing the extent of reduction of a uranyl oxalate actinometer solution illuminated for a known time in a typical reaction cell and making appropriate conversions based on the differences in the absorption spectra of uranyl oxalate and of chlorine, and considering the spectral distribution of the light source.

-- Although there was some variation in results which must be attributed either to trace impurities or to variation in wall effects, the photochemical exchange in the gas phase was sufficiently reproducible so that it seemed meaningful to compare the reaction rates in different series of reaction tubes for the purpose of obtaining information on the effect of chlorine concentration and of carbon tetrachloride concentration on the reaction rate.

He showed that, although matter can change its state in a chemical reaction, the total mass of matter is the same at the end as at the beginning of every chemical change.

As a legal concept, its origins in Britain were from a reaction to printers ' monopolies at the beginning of the 18th century.

For some this marks the beginning of the " mature " Classical style, where the period of reaction against the complexity of the late Baroque began to be replaced with a period of integration of elements of both Baroque and Classical styles.

It was found that the reaction of chymotrypsin with its substrate takes place in two stages, an initial “ burst ” phase at the beginning of the reaction and a steady-state phase following Michaelis-Menten kinetics.

* k < 1 ( subcriticality ): The system cannot sustain a chain reaction, and any beginning of a chain reaction dies out over time.

The civil rights protests at the end of the 1960s, and the reaction to them, marked the beginning of the Troubles.

An American reaction against European synthpop and " haircut bands " has been seen as beginning in the mid-1980s with the rise of heartland rock and roots rock.

The practice of simulating an audience reaction was controversial from the very beginning.

Modern process control schemes have enabled the development of complex reaction processes, with ingredients such as initiator, monomer, and surfactant added at the beginning, during, or at the end of the reaction.

When Ripley's 1930 debut on The Collier Hour brought a strong listener reaction, he was given a Monday night NBC series beginning April 14, 1930, followed by a 1931 – 32 series airing twice a week.

Antonina's reaction to Rubinstein and Anatoly's visit has usually been quoted as an example that, even at the beginning of her separation from Tchaikovsky, she was not healthy psychologically.

The Congress of Vienna was only the beginning of a conservative reaction bent on containing the liberal and nationalist forces unleashed by the French revolution.

ABC was still displeased with the episode, however, and fearing fan reaction to a popular show being shown in black and white, demanded a disclaimer be made at the beginning of the episode to inform viewers of the " black-and-white " gimmick for the episode.

The capture of these two towns prompted several nearby towns to declare for revolt, starting a chain reaction that resulted in the majority of Holland joining in a general revolt of the Netherlands, and is regarded as the real beginning of Dutch independence.

is the pupillary latency, a time delay between the instant in which the light pulse reaches the retina and the beginning of iridal reaction due nerve transmission, neuro-muscular excitation and activation delays.

It could also imply a reaction to significant post-war events: the beginning of the Cold War, the civil rights movement in the United States, postcolonialism ( Postcolonial literature ), and the rise of the personal computer ( Cyberpunk fiction and Hypertext fiction ).

Less than two months later came 9 Thermidor, the downfall of Robespierre and the Mountain and the beginning of the Thermidorian reaction.

Before the beginning of the 1999 season, Jackson decided to retire, which set off a chain reaction that resulted in most of the team, including Jordan and Pippen, to leave the Bulls.

A common experiment for beginning organic chemistry students is the acid catalyzed dehydration of cyclohexanol with distillative removal of the resulting cyclohexene from the reaction mixture:

In reaction, the various militaries, beginning with the British Army, changed the colours, predominantly to such ones that blended in more with the terrain, such as khaki, grey or olive drab for the purposes of camouflage.

The Council works in secret from its beginning, but the rampant Deryni persecution force them to conceal their operations and their existence to an even greater degree, for the mere knowledge of a group of highly-trained Deryni would provoke a violent reaction in Gwynedd.