The present understanding of the Apiales is fairly recent and is based upon comparison of DNA sequences by phylogenetic methods.

Many early investigators proposed a Caucasian ancestry, although recent DNA tests have not shown any genetic similarity with modern Europeans.

While scientists do not always agree on how to classify organisms, molecular phylogenetics, which uses DNA sequences as data, has driven many recent revisions along more efficient, evolutionary lines and is likely to continue to do so.

Some systems have proposed as many as 90 subspecies, while recent DNA analysis has identified as few as five clades.

Although there were several competing theories as to the etiology of the Black Death, recent analysis of DNA from victims in northern and southern Europe indicates that the pathogen responsible was the Yersinia pestis bacterium, which causes the Bubonic plague, although these were different, previously unknown ancestral variants of those identified in the 20th century.

In all craniates except for hagfish, the dorsal hollow nerve cord is surrounded with cartilaginous or bony vertebrae and the notochord is generally reduced ; hence, hagfish are not universally regarded as vertebrates, though recent DNA comparisons suggest that they are in fact vertebrates.

African elephants have traditionally been classified as a single species comprising two distinct subspecies, namely the savanna elephant ( Loxodonta africana africana ) and the forest elephant ( Loxodonta africana cyclotis ), but recent DNA analysis suggests that these may actually constitute distinct species.

Studies of haplogroups in Y-chromosomal DNA and mitochondrial DNA have largely supported a recent African origin .< ref >

Nearly all modern non-African humans have 1 % to 4 % of their DNA derived from Neanderthal DNA, and this finding is consistent with recent studies indicating that the divergence of some human alleles dates to one Ma, although the interpretation of these studies has been questioned.

Current research has established that humans are genetically highly homogenous ; that is, the DNA of individuals is more alike than usual for most species, which may have resulted from their relatively recent evolution or the possibility of a population bottleneck resulting from cataclysmic natural events such as the Toba catastrophe.

Given Pauling's recent success in discovering the Alpha helix, they feared that Pauling might also be the first to determine the structure of DNA.

A recent study compared DNA samples taken from specimens of both Ivory-billed birds along with the Imperial Woodpecker, a larger but otherwise very similar bird.

However, recent DNA studies indicate that the Ostrich is more closely related to the moa and the kiwi is more closely related to the Emu and the cassowaries.

One recent study on the mitochondrial DNA of various common carp indicate that koi are of the East Asian subspecies.

However, another recent study on the mitochondrial DNA of koi have found that koi are descended from multiple lineages of common carp from both Western Eurasian and East Asian varieties.

However, recent research suggests that many mutations in non-coding DNA do have slight deleterious effects.

For example geochemical signatures from rocks may help to discover when life first arose on Earth, and analyses of carbon isotope ratios may help to identify climate changes and even to explain major transitions such as the Permian – Triassic extinction event .< ref name =" Twitchett "> A relatively recent discipline, molecular phylogenetics, often helps by using comparisons of different modern organisms ' DNA and RNA to re-construct evolutionary " family trees "; it has also been used to estimate the dates of important evolutionary developments, although this approach is controversial because of doubts about the reliability of the " molecular clock ".

However, recent DNA analysis and the discovery of a common ancestor has supported the view that they share a common lineage, and thus rabbits and rodents are now often referred to together as members of the superclass Glires.

However, recent DNA evidence suggests that they should be included among the Accipitriformes, along with other birds of prey.

Philosophers of science began to pay increasing attention to developments in biology, from the rise of the Modern synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s to the discovery of the structure of Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) in 1953 to more recent advances in genetic engineering.

However, recent scientific investigation that compares the DNA of some of the Polynesian islands with natives from Peru suggests that there is some merit to Heyerdahl's ideas and that while Polynesia was colonized from Asia, some contact with South America also existed.

**** Osteolaemus tetraspis, dwarf crocodile ( There has been controversy whether or not this is actually two species ; recent ( 2010 ) DNA analysis indicate three distinct species: O. tetraspis, O. osborni, and a third currently unnamed.

These skin collections have been utilized in more recent times for studies on molecular phylogenetics by the extraction of ancient DNA.

A characteristic expression of such concern and inquiry is found in Joseph P. Lyford's Introduction To The Agreeable Autocracies, a recent paperback study of the institutions of modern democratic society.

The recent history of the Dominican Republic is an almost classical study of the way in which even a professedly benevolent dictatorship tends to become oppressive.

A recent study on radiation exposure by the AEC's division of biology and medicine stated: `` The question of the biological effect of ( radiation ) doses is not considered '' herein.

For example, the level of improvement noted in a recent experiment with a short course of immediate treatment for parent-child relationship problems compared favorably with the results reported by typical child guidance clinics where the hours spent in purely diagnostic study may equal or exceed the number of hours devoted to actual treatment interviews in the experimental project.

A recent study indicated that 85 per cent of the nation's largest corporations conducted educational programs involving some class meetings and examinations.

The relative scarcity of fossil evidence prevents precise dating, but the most recent molecular study, based on multilocus sequence typing, suggest a Late Carboniferous – Early Permian origin of extant amphibians.

A recent study finds that inhaled cannabis is effective in alleviating neuropathy and pain resulting from e. g. spinal injury and multiple sclerosis.

It is the subject of a recent study by German archaeologists who are digging and surveying at the site.

A recent study suggests Alioth's 5. 1-day variation may be due to a substellar object of about 14. 7 Jupiter masses in an eccentric orbit ( e = 0. 5 ) with an average separation of 0. 055 astronomical units.

A recent study suggests that there are at least two distinct genetic lineages among the blind populations, arguing that these represent a case of convergent evolution.

A recent study has showed that these nylon-3 polymers can either mimic host defense peptides or act as signals to stimulate 3T3 stem cell function.

A recent 20-year prospective study on bipolar I and II found that functioning varied over time along a spectrum from good to fair to poor.

In a recent academic study that was published in the Journal of Finance, Drexel University ’ s LeBow College of Business professors Jie Cai, Jacqueline Garner, and Ralph Walkling examined how corporate shareholders voted in nearly 2, 500 director elections in the United States.

A recent National Association of Corporate Directors study found directors averaging just 4. 3 hours a week on board work.

Research in this area has not yet reached firm conclusions, but a recent questionnaire-based study identified eleven significant factors contributing to drug-induced states of consciousness: experience of unity ; spiritual experience ; blissful state ; insightfulness ; disembodiment ; impaired control and cognition ; anxiety ; complex imagery ; elementary imagery ; audio-visual synesthesia ; and changed meaning of percepts.

However, in recent times, leaders of the church have emphasized that Latter-day Saints should not restrict their study of the standard works to the particular book being currently studied in Sunday School or other religious courses.

A recent detailed study of the Regnal List dates the arrival of the West Saxons in England to 538, and favours seven years as the most likely length of Ceawlin's reign, with dates of 581 – 588 proposed.

A recent study showed that there is a bivalent structure present in the chromatin: methylated lysine residues at location 4 and 27 on histone 3.

A recent report demonstrated that 50 mg of β-carotene every other day prevented cognitive decline in a study of over 4000 physicians at a mean treatment duration of 18 years.

A recent study examined the hand radiographs of 215 people ( aged 50 to 89 ) and compared the joints of those who regularly cracked their knuckles to those who did not.

Perhaps the best-known study of clairvoyance in recent times has been the US government-funded remote viewing project at SRI / SAIC during the 1970s through the mid-1990s ; at least those studies amongst these that did not involve " agents " visiting or being otherwise aware of the target sites.

A recent study revealed the use of such advanced tools as spears, which West African chimpanzees in Senegal sharpen with their teeth, being used to spear Senegal bushbabies out of small holes in trees .< ref >

A recent study of the Brazilian Amazon predicts that despite a lack of extinctions thus far, up to 90 percent of predicted extinctions will finally occur in the next 40 years.

A recent study that used virtual reality technology to study reported deja vu experiences supported this idea.